Recent Trends in the Treatment and Prognosis of Adult Leukemia with Characteristics of Patients in Japan: Transition during the Fifteen Years from 1971 to 1985

Patients with acute (2,569) and chronic (957) leukemia diagnosedat 19 institutes took part in the study on the "MultidisciplinaryTreatment of Leukemia" between 1971 and 1985 and were investigatedretrospectively. By dividing the 15 years into three five-yearperiods, we were able to compare patient ratios in the differentperiods. The proportions of acute to chronic leukemia casesshowed no obvious change; however, the proportions of casesdiagnosed as acute lymphocytic leukemia in acute leukemia showeda significant increase. The main chemotherapeutic drugs usedduring the three time periods were cytarabine or its analogues,the anthracyclines, 6-mercaputopurine and prednisolone, againstacute myelogenous leukemia, and the vinca alkaloids, prednisoloneand the anthracyclines against acute lymphocytic leukemia. Therate of complete remission from acute myelogenous leukemia mademarked progress, from 45.1% during 1971–1975 to 62.3%during 1981–1985, but that of acute lymphocytic leukemiashowed no significant progress, being 65% during 1971–1975and 69.7% during 1981–1985. The durations of remission,however, and the survival times for patients with acute lymphocyticleukemia, as well as for those with acute myelogenous leukemia,became significantly longer over the three periods. Median survivaltimes from chronic myelocytic leukemia were 37–40 mo inall three periods, showing no progress. There was a better prognosisin cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia with, than without,Philadelphia chromosome. Except for a low incidence of chroniclymphocytic leukemia in Japan, adult leukemia patients' characteristicsand prognoses seem to be almost the same in Japan as in theU.S.A. and Europe.     

医疗纠纷对剖宫产率的影响

目的探讨医疗纠纷对剖宫产率及其指征的影响.方法统计1994年至2002年我科单胎初产妇每年的剖宫产率、新生儿窒息率及剖宫产各项指征的构成比,回顾性分析各项指标的变化,尤其是1998年前后的变化.结果98年我科发生数起重大医疗纠纷,其后剖宫产率迅速攀升,一度达到82.62%,而新生儿窒息率却由98年前的3.9%升至其后的5.99%(x2=17.19,P＜0.01).以妊娠合并症及妊娠并发症、头盆不称及胎儿窘迫为主的剖宫产指征构成比自98年以后明显下降,差异有显著性;而以胎盘羊水因素及脐带因素为指征的构成比明显攀升,差异也有显著性.结论医疗纠纷严重影响剖宫产率,加强全民卫生教育、合理公正地处理此类纠纷、创造宽松的医疗环境,建立恰当的监督机制有利于减少此类纠纷,降低剖宫产率.     

大连地区35068例围产儿中先天性心脏病的调查

目的为了解我院围产儿先天性心脏病发病情况.方法对2000年1月～2003年12月大连市妇幼保健院分娩的围产儿35068例进行前瞻性调查.结果查出先心病487例,其中彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断467例,尸检确诊20例.发病率13.9‰.以单纯性室间隔缺损(VSD)20.95%和房间隔缺损(ASD)18.07%居多,其中又以.膜部VSD和Ⅱ孔型ASD最多.复合型畸形占41.68%,以ASD VSD(12.73%)居多.出生～7d发生心力衰竭59例.围产儿死亡52例,死亡率1.48‰,占1岁以内先心病死亡总数的67.53%.以青紫型复杂畸形为主.结论先心病的发生与母亲早期呼吸道病毒感染有关(χ2=20.98,P<0.01,相对危险度5.99).PDA的发生与早产儿密切相关(χ2=29.1,P<0.01,相对危险度5.01).     

Population-based laboratory surveillance for tribe Proteeae isolates in a large Canadian health region

The tribe Proteeae comprises the genera Proteus, Morganella and Providencia. Few studies have specifically investigated the epidemiology of infections caused by the Proteeae, and none has been conducted in a large non-selected population. The present study was a population-based laboratory surveillance in the Calgary Health Region (population 1.2 million), Canada during 2000-2005 that aimed to define the incidence, demographical risk-factors for acquisition and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Proteeae isolates. In total, 5047 patients were identified from whom Proteeae isolates were obtained (an annual incidence of 75.9/100 000), with females and the elderly being at highest risk. Incidence rates were 64.8, 7.7 and 3.4/100,000/year for the genera Proteus, Morganella and Providencia, respectively. Overall, 85% of infections were community-onset, and the overall rate of bacteraemic disease was 2.0/100,000. Compared with other species, Proteus mirabilis occurred at a much higher frequency, especially among females, and was less likely to be isolated from hospital-onset infections or to be part of a polymicrobial infection. Among isolates from community-onset infections, Providencia spp. were less likely to be from outpatients and more likely to be from nursing home residents. There were low overall rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin (4%) and gentamicin (5%), with Prot. mirabilis generally being the most susceptible. Members of the Proteeae were isolated frequently in both the community and hospital settings, but were infrequent causes of invasive disease. The occurrence, demographical risk-factors and microbiology of Proteeae isolates varied according to the individual species.     

The Burden of Stroke in Kurdistan Province,Iran From 2011 to 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to calculate the burden of stroke in Kurdistan Province, Iran between 2011 and 2017.MethodsIncidence data extracted from the hospital information system of Kurdistan Province and death data extracted from the system of registration and classification of causes of death were used in a cross-sectional study. The World Health Organization method was used to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).ResultsThe burden of stroke increased from 2453.44 DALYs in 2011 to 5269.68 in 2017, the years of life lost increased from 2381.57 in 2011 to 5109.68 in 2017, and the years of healthy life lost due to disability increased from 71.87 in 2011 to 159.99 in 2017. The DALYs of ischaemic stroke exceeded those of haemorrhagic stroke. The burden of disease, new cases, and deaths doubled during the study period. The age-standardised incidence rate of ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke in 2017 was 21.72 and 20.72 per 100 000 population, respectively.ConclusionsThe burden of stroke is increasing in Kurdistan Province. Since health services in Iran are based on treatment, steps are needed to revise the current treatment services for stroke and to improve the quality of services. Policy-makers and managers of the health system need to plan to reduce the known risk factors for stroke in the community. In addition to preventive interventions, efficient and up-to-date interventions are recommended for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients in hospitals. Along with therapeutic interventions, preventive interventions can help reduce the stroke burden.     

北京市胎儿及婴儿先天性脑积水发生情况及婴儿期转归

目的通过对北京市5年先天性脑积水(CH)监测资料分析,了解北京市胎儿及婴儿的CH发生率、诊断及转归。 方法选择2015年1月至2019年12月,北京市出生缺陷监测系统内监测对象(胎龄为13周至生后1岁)中,407例CH患儿(胎儿或婴儿)为研究对象。对其出生缺陷诊断资料进行分析。采用χ²检验,对孤立性与非孤立性CH活产儿婴儿期存活率进行统计学比较。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年新修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果本研究时间(5年)内,北京市胎儿及1岁内婴儿的CH发生率为3.60×10^-4(407/1 129 861)。这407例CH患儿中,82例(20.15%)合并颅外畸形,20例(4.91%)合并染色体异常;CH胎儿的产前诊断率为92.38%(376/407),超声检出CH胎儿时,其胎龄为24周(23~35周),其中胎龄≥28周者占26.06%(98/376)。376例产前被诊断的CH胎儿中,44例采取产前胎儿超声联合MRI检查,而且通过胎儿MRI检查对4例胎儿的颅内畸形具体类型进行了补充诊断。本研究未发现CH患儿的孕母合并宫内感染;103例CH活产儿中,73例孤立性CH患儿的婴儿期(1岁内)存活率为72.6%(53/73),高于30例非孤立性CH患儿的婴儿期存活率(60.0%,18/30),二者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论北京市在预防出生缺陷发生的三级防控体系中,对CH胎儿与婴儿的一级、二级防控已取得效果。对孕妇全孕期多次动态胎儿超声检查,必要时联合胎儿MRI检查,对非孤立性CH胎儿同时采取细胞遗传学和分子遗传学检测,可进一步提高CH患儿的防控效果。     

降低腹部 Ⅱ 类切口感染发生率

目的降低腹部Ⅱ类切口感染发生率,确保患者安全。方法选定“降低腹部Ⅱ类切口感染发生率”为主题,开展品管圈活动。结果改善后,腹部Ⅱ类切口感染发生率由14.29%降至5.95%;形成了包括3 L静脉营养专用输液架使用方式等8项标准化作业书。结论品管圈活动开展降低了腹部Ⅱ类切口感染发生率,规范了操作流程,节约了患者费用,提高了圈员解决问题能力,增强了团队凝聚力。     

湖南省江华瑶族自治县14年白血病流行病学调查

目的：了解白血病在瑶族人群中的发病情况及危险因素。方法：调查1984－1997年全县白血病新发病例,计算其发病率并进行比较分析。结果：本县白血病年发病率为1．61／10万,明显低于全国白血病年均发病率,瑶族人群低于汉族人群。白血病的发病有时一空集积现象。结论：瑶族人群白血病率不高。     

Protocolo del Estudio Poblacional Multinivel de las Desigualdades Socioeconómicas en la Distribución Geográfica de la Incidencia,la Mortalidad y la Supervivencia Neta del Cáncer en España: Estudio DESOCANES

Incidence and mortality provide information on the burden of cancer morbidity and the potential years of life lost due to cancer. The Spanish Deprivation Index (SDI) has been developed as a standardized measure to study socioeconomic deprivation in Spain at the census tract level. In addition, SDI information can be combined with ecological variables at the population level and data from the High-Resolution European Studies in Cancer. The aim of this study is to characterize socioeconomic inequalities in incidence, excess mortality, premature mortality and net survival for three of the most incident cancers (lung, colon-rectum and breast) in Spain using the SDI. This national population-based study will assess the impact of socioeconomic inequalities using a multilevel modelling approach. Spatial analysis, multilevel modeling, net survival and economic impact assessment will be used. The results will be useful for supporting decision-making, planning, and management of public health interventions aimed at reducing the impact of socioeconomic inequalities in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients in Spain.