云南恶性疟病例疟原虫Pfhrp2基因序列多态性分析董莹1|孙艾明1|2|陈梦妮1|徐艳春1|毛祥华1|邓艳1|杨恒林1*

目的 目的 分析云南省恶性疟病例疟原虫虫株的富组氨酸蛋白Ⅱ （Histidine?rich protein?2,HRPⅡ） 基因 （Pfhrp2） 序 列的多态性, 为研究疟原虫抗原基因缺失奠定基础。方法 方法 搜集2012年8月-2015年9月云南省恶性疟现症病例的滤纸 血样和相关信息, 用PCR技术扩增血样中恶性疟原虫Pfhrp2基因exon2区并测序, 测序成功序列与AY816237、 AY816240、 AY816301参比序列比对; 用Mega 5.04分析Pfhrp2基因exon2区序列多态性, 计算序列间保守位点、 遗传距离 等; 根据氨基酸序列间遗传距离绘制聚类树状图。结果 结果 共收集云南省15个州 （市） 的恶性疟现症病例血样218份, 病例 感染来源地包括云南本地、 非洲、 缅甸等流行区。其中155份Pfhrp2基因exon2区扩增阳性和测序成功, 编码氨基酸数在 115～298之间, 平均为239.7 aa, 非洲 （239.9 aa）、 缅甸 （239.5 aa）、 云南 （241.6 aa） 感染虫株的氨基酸残基均数差异无统计 学意义 （F = 0.025, P > 0.05）。所有氨基酸残基序列均以12型重复作为结尾, 以1型、 2型重复为起始, 比例各占98.1% （152/155） 和1.9% （3/155）, 2型重复次数最多, 为12.9次。155条Pfhrp2 基因exon2区DNA序列的同源位点为894 bp, 保 守位点占20.8% （186/894）, 变异位点占78.2% （699/894）, 非洲虫株序列间遗传距离为0.000～0.741, 缅甸为0.000～ 0.948, 云南为0.000～0.750。所有155条序列按氨基酸序列大小聚类成3个大类, 同一个层级的序列具有近似的序列长 度和氨基酸重复类型。结论 结论 云南省恶性疟现症病例所感染疟原虫的Pfhrp2基因exon2区存在高度多态性, 恶性疟原虫 株主要按Pfhrp2基因exon2区的氨基酸序列长度进行聚类。     

萘酚喹治疗间日疟的疗效观察

在海南省疟疾流行区，用萘酚喹６００ｍｇ顿服和氯喹１．５ｇ标准疗法各治疗间日疟病人３５例，服药后两组病例均获即时治愈。萘酚喹组平均退热和原虫转阴时间分别为（２２．７±７．４）ｈ和（４６．４±９．７）ｈ；氯喹组平均退热和原虫转阴时间分别为（１９．１±８．３）ｈ和（４１．６±８．２）ｈ。随访６ｗｋ，萘酚喹组的治愈率为１００％，氯喹组为７４．３％。结果表明，萘酚喹治疗间日疟的远期效果明显优于氯喹（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

对2例空中乘务员输入性疟疾的思考及建议

目的报道空中乘务员输入性疟疾2例,对航空医师如何做好民航空勤人员输入性传染病的预防和诊疗工作提出建议。方法对2名执行非洲飞行任务后感染疟原虫的空中乘务员其流行病学资料、临床诊疗经过及再燃和复发特点进行综合分析。结果 2008年7月9日两名乘务员执行同一非洲高疟区航线任务,在当地过夜时有蚊虫叮咬史,后出现高热症状,血涂片分别提示恶性虐原虫和间日虐原虫感染。经抗疟治疗症状消失。数月后两人均出现了不同程度的复发和再燃情况,再次行抗疟治疗,至今无复发。结论建议对于感染疟原虫的空勤人员,经治疗体温正常后应至少于地面观察6个月;航空医师应掌握各航线目的地的疫情报告,做好相关航线的卫生保障工作,提高对各种输入性传染病的警惕性。     

Pathogen inactivation technology applied to a blood component collected from an asymptomatic carrier of Leishmania infantum: a case report

Asymptomatic Leishmania infections have been the main cause of transfusion transmission in endemic areas. Polymerase chain reaction has been used to detect L. infantum DNA in the peripheral blood of asymptomatic Leishmania carriers. In our region, the prevalence of asymptomatic L. infantum infection in donors is markedly high (5·9% of donors studied). We investigated the ability of pathogen inactivation technology, using amotosalen and UVA illumination, to eliminate L. infantum in a blood component collected from an asymptomatic L. infantum infected donor. This is the first report of the INTERCEPT system being used to eliminate a parasite from a component collected from a donor.     

Transition in the Cause of Fever from Malaria to Dengue,Northwestern Ecuador, 1990–2011

In tropical areas, the predominant cause of fever has historically been malaria. However by 2011, among febrile patients in northwestern Ecuador, dengue was identified in 42% and malaria in none. This finding suggests a transition in the cause of fever from malaria to other illnesses, such as dengue.     

安徽肥东县输入性恶性疟疾现况与特征

目的 了解肥东地区输入疟疾的流行现况与特征,为输入性疟疾防治工作提供科学依据.方法 对近几年肥东县疟疾年报表、疟疾专网报告数据、疟疾个案调查表进行统计和描述性分析.结果 肥东县近几年疟疾病例呈上升趋势,自2009年出现输入性疟疾病例,2009年、2010年输人性疟疾病例数占年疟疾发病总数的比例分别为35.29％和67....     

Halofantrine in the treatment of acute malaria: A multi-centre study in 268 patients

Summary

The clinical efficacy and tolerability of halofantrine, a new antimalarial schizontocide, was studied in a multi-centre trial involving 268 patients ranging in age from 6 months to 58 years. The patients were suffering from acute uncomplicated malaria due to either P.vivax or P. falciparum. Patients were treated orally with 3 doses of halofantrine hydrochloride, 500?mg/6-hourly in adults or 8?mg/kg body weight 6-hourly in children. The overall cure rate was 96.9%. The mean fever clearance time for different species was as follows: P. vivax — 39.1 hours, P. falciparum — 43.2 hours, mixed infection — 60.0 hours, and the mean parasitaemia clearance times were 47.7, 55.1 and 72.0 hours, respectively. Recrudescence was reported in 11 (4.1%) patients, although all of them were parasite-free on Day 7 post-treatment. No haematological or biochemical abnormalities were noted. The drug was very well tolerated and no significant side-effects were reported. Halofantrine was found to be highly effective in acute malaria and offers an important alternative to existing medications.     

2019年苏州市输入性恶性疟2例

对苏州市2019年报告的2例输入性恶性疟病例的基本信息、流行病学史以及诊治过程资料进行收集、整理和分析。结果显示,苏州市输入性疟疾不仅在劳务输出人群中高发,在探亲访友人群中也存在感染风险,尤其是儿童感染风险应引起重视。     

One step forward,two steps back: Tensions between malaria elimination and improved malaria surveillance in the Solomon Islands

The Solomon Islands experienced, between 2010, an apparent meteoric fall in the level of malaria incidence and prevalence [1]. Thanks ostensibly to the efforts of bilateral and multilateral partners and donors, annual parasite incidence (API) fell from 70 to 40 per 1,000 population. With such dramatic progress, international efforts were hailed as dramatic successes and showcased as progress towards malaria elimination and eradication, Yet, paradoxically, the true caseload of malaria in the Solomon Islands has revealed a situation that calls for more, rather than less, support.     

Novel therapies for the prevention of malaria

Background: Malaria continues to exact a huge toll on the health of residents of endemic countries. Thus, new approaches to prevention and treatment are needed. Objective: To provide an update on novel therapies for the prevention of malaria. Methods: Systematic MEDLINE search from 1956 to 2008 using the search term ‘malaria’ (with the subheadings ‘intermittent preventive treatment’, ‘mass drug administration’, ‘chemotherapy’, ‘artemisinin-based combination therapy’ and ‘home-based management of malaria’). Conclusions: Chemoprophylaxis is used as a short-term protective measure for non-immune visitors to malaria-endemic countries. However, in malaria-endemic areas, chemoprophylaxis has not been implemented widely because of concerns related to sustainability, cost-effectiveness, appropriate delivery systems and development of drug resistance. Intermittent preventive treatment, a novel approach to malaria control, has the potential to provide some of the benefits of sustained chemoprophylaxis without some of its drawbacks.