关节滑液检测在关节假体周围感染诊断中的研究进展

关节假体周围感染(periprosthetic joint infection,PJI)是人工关节置换术后可能发生的一种严重并发症,其导致的严重后果,无论对于医生还是患者来说,都很难接受。目前,由于多种不确定因素的存在,PJI诊断的准确性较低。传统的血清学检查、影像学检查有一定的价值,但是易受全身情况的影响,导致特异性不高。为了正确诊断关节假体周围感染,不同学科的研究人员采用各种不同的方法进行了大量的诊断研究,并取得了丰富的成果。近年来,关节滑液炎性标志物检测、分子生物学方法等被研究证实具有较高的敏感性和特异性。因此,关节滑液CRP、-防御素、白细胞酯酶、PCR技术等被广泛研究,期望能从中找到诊断关节假体周围感染的特异性指标,提高临床诊断的准确性。     

我院药物代谢酶和药物作用靶点基因检测与精准药学服务实践与总结

目的回顾我院药物代谢酶和药物作用靶点相关基因检测与精准药学服务实践过程,总结经验,与同行分享。方法从准备工作、相关检测项目的确定,学术推广、项目优化和开展情况等方面详细阐述我院基因检测开展过程与精准药学服务情况。结果根据临床需求,我院已开展了以心脑血管药和抗精神病药为主的27种药物,26项检测,2018年全年位1587名患者提供个体化用药建议,受到临床医生和患者欢迎。结论基于代谢酶和药物作用靶点相关基因检测的个体化用药建议是临床药师参与精准治疗的重要途径,有助于医生和药师之间的沟通,有利于提高药学服务水平。     

贵阳地区儿童重症社区获得性肺炎肺泡灌洗液病原及药敏分析

目的分析贵阳地区儿童重症社区获得性肺炎支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）病原学分布及耐药特点。方法收集989例重症社区获得性肺炎患儿临床资料，将支气管肺泡灌液采用支气管镜取出进行细菌培养、病毒以及肺炎支原体(MP)检测。结果（1）989例重症社区获得性肺炎患儿病原检出阳性716例，阳性率72.40%，细菌、病毒、支原体检出率分别33.27% （329例）、22.45%（222例）、31.45%（311例）。（2）细菌感染中的肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为最为常见的革兰阳性菌株(G+)；而肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌为最为常见的革兰阴性菌株(G-)。培养菌株对青霉素类、红霉素、第1、2、3代头孢类抗生素有较高的耐药性，对头孢吡肟、拉氧头孢、哌拉西林、左氧氟沙星有较高的敏感性，对亚胺培南、万古霉素、利奈唑烷均无耐药发生。（3）病毒感染检出222例，其中呼吸道合胞病毒131例，腺病毒检测49例，流感病毒6例（A型2例，B型4例），副流感病毒36例（1型3例、2型4例、3型29例），病毒检出率以0～12月龄组最高，RSV、ADV感染主要集中在冬春季节。（4）肺炎支原体检出阳性率31.45%（311例），肺炎支原体检出率以3～5岁组最高。结论贵阳地区重症肺炎中肺炎克雷伯杆菌、肺炎链球菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为重要的细菌病原。重要病毒为腺病毒和呼吸道病毒为主，1～12月龄组的病毒感染检出率比较高。     

胸腺内注射异基因抗原诱导鼠神经移植免疫耐受的实验研究

目的探讨小鼠胸腺内注射异基因抗原在同种异体异基因坐骨神经移植免疫耐受中的作用。方法自供体小鼠C57BL／6的脾细胞中提取MHC抗原注人受体鼠Balb／c小鼠胸腺内，于2周后移植供体鼠坐骨神经。48只Balb／c小鼠随机分为4组，A组（胸腺内注射组）、B组（自体神经移植组）、C组（冷冻异体神经移植组）、D组（异体神经移植加用免疫抑制剂组）。于3周后进行电生理学、组织学、免疫学检测。结果A组运动神经传导速度（38．23m／s）与D组（36．39m／s）相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05），组织学、电镜、免疫学（混合淋巴细胞培养及迟发性超敏反应）检测结果均证实B组分别优于A组、D组和C组。结论胸腺内注射异基因MHC抗原可诱导大鼠对异体坐骨神经移植的特异性免疫耐受。     

Circular dichroism detection in high-performance liquid chromatography: Evaluation of the anisotropy factor

The application of a circular dichroism (c.d.) detection system in HPLC using a chiral stationary phase is presented. The simultaneous measurement of the absorbance and c.d. signal allows the evaluation of the anisotropy factor (g = Δ/) and thus the determination of the enantiomeric excess (e.e.) of the eluates. When this detection system is used in preparative chiral chromatography the collection of the enantiomeric fractions can be readily optimized.     

Determination of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in guinea pig and human prostate using HPLC

The finding of significant numbers of endocrine-paracrine (EP) cells in the prostate glands of guinea pigs and man suggests that these cells may be important in the regulation or modulation of prostatic function. Serotonin is a biogenic amine common to most prostatic EP cells. In order to extend current knowledge relating to these cells, an assay was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography to quantitate serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in guinea pig and human prostatic tissue extracts. Levels of serotonin and 5-HIAA in the guinea pig whole-gland preparation were 105.4 +/- 70.6 ng/g and 48.4 +/- 95.7 ng/g, respectively. Normal human prostatic tissue contained 1423.9 +/- 750.8 ng/g serotonin and 66.7 +/- 92.8 ng/g 5-HIAA. Recoveries ranged between 60 and 100%. The detection limits were 24 pg/injection for serotonin and 12 pg/injection for 5-HIAA. This assay provides an expeditious, specific and highly sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of monoamines in guinea pig and human prostatic tissue.     

Pharmacokinetics of the 13C labeled anticancer agent temozolomide detected in vivo by selective cross-polarization transfer

The anticancer agent temozolomide labeled with ¹³C (8-Carbamoyl-3-13C-methylimidazo-[5,1-d]-1,2,3,5-tetrazin-4-(3H)-one), was noninvasively detected in subcutaneous RIF-1 tumors by a selective cross polarization ¹³C NMR method, at a field strength of 9.4T. Pharmacokinetics of the drug, at a dose of 150 mg/kg, were determined for intravenous and intraperitoneal modes of administration (three animals per mode). The half-life of the drug in the tumors was approximately 60 min. The uptake and clearance of the drug, however, varied significantly between individual hosts, for both modes of administration. These results demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining pharmacokinetics of anticancer agents for individual tumors without the need for a label that might modify drug activity (e.g., fluorine). The variability of the in vivo measurements, even within the same tumor model, demonstrates the necessity of directly monitoring the tumor to evaluate drug pharmacokinetics.     

竹荪深层发酵菌丝体对小鼠免疫功能的影响及其抗肿瘤作用

过对食药用真菌──竹荪深层发酵菌丝体提取液对小鼠免疫功能及S－180肿瘤细胞的作用观察，表明其发酵菌丝体可明显提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能（P＜0．01），并显著增加免疫器官的重量（P＜0．05）；对小鼠S－180肿瘤的抑瘤率为40．63％。     

HCV的检测方法

从发现丙型肝炎病毒以来 ,丙肝的检测技术发展迅速 ,灵敏度和特异性都有明显的提高 ,方法学在不断改进完善。笔者就近年来丙型肝炎的实验室检测方法作简要的综述