帕金森病大鼠黑质区神经干细胞分化的观察

目的:探讨帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)大鼠中脑黑质区神经干细胞(NSCs)的分化情况.方法:将6-OHDA注入纹状体内制作PD大鼠模型.随机将成功模型分为3 d、5 d、7 d、14 d、28 d组,每组6只;另设假手术及正常对照组各3只.向成功模型鼠腹腔注射5-溴脱氧尿苷(Brdu).用Brdu/NeuN、Brdu/GFAP、Brdu/TH免疫双标组织化学方法检测黑质区内源性NSCs向神经元、神经胶质细胞和多巴胺(DA)能神经元的分化情况.结果:PD模型7 d组,在黑质区Brdu /GFAP 、Brdu /NeuN 细胞开始出现,14 d组双标的阳性细胞数量逐渐增加,28 d达到高峰,14 d、28 d组与其它组比较差异显著(P＜0.05).在这些双标细胞中,Brdu /GFAP 细胞数量较多,Brdu /NeuN 细胞数量较少(P＜0.05),未发现Brdu /TH 细胞.结论:PD大鼠模型黑质区NSCs多数分化为神经胶质细胞,少数分化为神经元,在没有诱导和干预下,未见有向DA能神经元分化.     

P>胰岛素样生长因子-1抑制β淀粉样蛋白25～35诱导的神经干细胞凋亡/P>

目的 观察β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)对神经干细胞(NSCs)增殖和凋亡的影响,探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)对Aβ介导的NSCs毒性作用的保护机制.方法 从E14 SD大鼠大脑中分离神经干细胞,分别用Aβ、IGF-1和Aβ加IGF-1处理,锥虫蓝(trypan blue)染色确定细胞死亡数量和细胞死亡率,BrdU标记并分析细胞增殖能力,免疫细胞化学法鉴定神经干细胞和新生细胞,TUNEL技术检测凋亡细胞.结果 IGF-1处理时细胞死亡率低下,有大量BrdU阳性细胞生成,但无TUNEL阳性细胞.Aβ处理组细胞死亡率在6～48 h快速上升,并形成大量TUNEL阳性细胞.而IGF-1加Aβ处理时,细胞死亡率较Aβ组显著下降.TUNEL阳性细胞显著减少.结论 Aβ促进神经干细胞死亡和凋亡;而IGF-1促进神经干细胞增殖并抑制由Aβ诱导的神经干细胞凋亡.     

转染Nurrl基因的大鼠骨髓基质细胞的诱导分化

目的 通过克隆孤儿核受体(Nurrl)基因并转染大鼠的骨髓基质细胞(MSCs),探讨Nurrl基因对MSCs在三七总皂甙(tPNS)和全反式维甲酸(ATRA)的联合诱导下向神经元分化的影响.方法 构建pcDNA3.1-hygro-Nurrl表达质粒,应用脂质体Lipofectamine 2000转染MSCs.转染前MSCs以相同的密度铺6孔板,并随机设置4个实验组,分别是:Nurrl tPNS/ATRA组、tPNS/ATRA组、Nurrl组和对照组,利用免疫细胞化学方法检测Nurrl基因的表达.转染48 h对Nurrl tPNS/ATRA组和tPNS/ATRA组的细胞,依次给予β-疏基乙醇(BME)预诱导和tPNS/ATRA诱导,而Nurrl组和对照组的细胞除给予培养基代替tPNS/ATRA诱导剂外,其余步骤均相同;检测4组细胞的酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)抗体的免疫细胞化学结果并统计各组阳性细胞的比例.结果 免疫细胞化学显示,转染的骨髓基质细胞表达Nurrl蛋白;Nurrl tPNS/ATRA组TH阳性细胞比例明显高于tPNS/ATRA组,分别是(38.4±4.6)%和(5.9±3.4)%.结论 用tPNS/ATRA作诱导剂,转染Nurrl的MSCs诱导后TH阳性细胞的比例明显高于未转染组,差别有统计学意义;tPNS/ATRA诱导MSCs分化成神经元细胞的作用明确.     

凋亡调节蛋白Fas和Caspase-3在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的观察人乳腺癌组织中凋亡调节蛋白Fas和Caspase-3的表达,探讨Fas和Caspase-3与乳腺癌发生、发展的关系。方法收集手术切除的人乳腺癌组织和癌旁相对正常乳腺组织(距癌组织5 cm以上),用免疫组织化学方法对23例乳腺癌标本进行检测。结果在相对正常乳腺组织和乳腺癌组织中Fas蛋白的阳性表达率分别为86.9%和47.3%;乳腺癌组织中Fas的阳性表达率明显低于相对正常乳腺组织。在相对正常乳腺组织和乳腺癌组织中Caspase-3的阳性表达率分别为82.6%和43.5%;乳腺癌组织中Caspase-3的阳性表达率明显低于相对正常乳腺组织。乳腺癌组织中caspase-3与Fas的表达率均与淋巴结转移无关。相关性分析表明,乳腺癌癌中的表达caspase-3与Fas表达呈正相关。结论乳腺癌组织中Fas和Caspase-3表达下调,使肿瘤抗凋亡机制过度激活,可能在乳腺癌的发生和发展过程中起重要作用。     

改良IME-FICC 法检测鼻咽癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞及其临床意义分析

目的: 探索改良免疫磁珠富集联合免疫荧光细胞化学技术(IME-FICC)检测鼻咽癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)的临床意义。方法: 取76例初治鼻咽癌患者外周血,分离单个核细胞,用与磁珠共价结合的上皮细胞黏附分子(EpCAM)抗体富集外周血中表达EpCAM的肿瘤细胞,再采用宽波段滤板检测细胞角蛋白(CK)8/18阳性的肿瘤细胞。中位随访25个月后,对包括循环肿瘤细胞在内的预后因子做统计分析。结果: 20 例正常人的外周血中未检测到CK8/18,63例鼻咽癌患者的外周血检测到CK8/18,阳性率为82.9%(63/76,P<0.01)。复发患者治疗前检测到的外周血CK8/18⁺ CTC中位数明显高于不复发患者(P<0.01),两组中位病毒壳蛋白抗原(VCA)-IgA滴度无显著差异(P>0.05)。外周血CK8/18⁺CTCs个数在3以上,无复发生存率逐渐下降。VCA-IgA滴度不能预测生存。结论: 外周血中CK8/18⁺CTCs是初治鼻咽癌患者的预后不良因素。     

LCT与ICC结合在胸腹水细胞学鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:探讨液基薄层细胞检测(LCT)技术与免疫细胞化学(ICC)技术在胸腹水细胞学鉴别诊断中的意义.方法:在87例胸腹水液基细胞涂片中应用免疫细胞化学技术检测癌胚抗原(CEA)、上皮细胞膜抗原(EMA)、间皮细胞(MC)抗体及波形蛋白(Vimentin)的表达并与HE染色比较.结果:腺癌中CEA、EMA、MC、Vimentin阳性表达率分别为88.2%、90.2%、5.9%和3.9%.增生性间皮细胞中CEA、EMA、MC、Vimentin阳性表达率分别为5.6%、2.8%、97.2%和88.9%.结论:免疫细胞化学技术可应用于胸腹水LCT涂片.选择一组特异的抗体(CEA、EMA、MC、Vimentin)并结合脱落细胞HE染色可以在转移性腺癌与增生性间皮细胞的鉴别诊断中起重要作用.     

Growth factor receptor expression in anal squamous lesions: modifications associated with oncogenic human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus

High prevalence of squamous anal lesions is linked to oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promotes anal carcinogenesis. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2/neu, c-Met, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR1) (tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors) are implicated in tumor progression, but little is known about their role in anal lesions. We investigated their expression and distribution in normal, dysplastic, and carcinomatous anal epithelium and then tried to analyze the effects on these variables of HPV and the HIV-positive status. Seventy-one HIV-positive and 47 HIV-negative patients were selected. We studied growth factor receptors, p16 and Ki67 expression, by in situ hybridization, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromogen in situ hybridization (CISH), immunocytochemistry, and morphological quantification in 226 lesions, either infected by HPV6 and 11 (31 condylomas acuminata) or infected with oncogenic HPVs (48 invasive cancers, 147 anal intraepithelial neoplasias). No HER2/neu was detected. Strong EGFR immunolabeling was not accompanied by gene amplification. The number and intensity of EGFR- and c-Met–immunoreactive cells increased significantly during lesion progression, highlighting the effects of oncogenic HPVs. EGFR, c-Met, VEGFR1, and p16 were coexpressed in 96% of invasive cancers. HIV-modified c-Met expression in condyloma acuminata (P < .008) and invasive cancers (P < .02). Strong HIV-related immunodeficiency and an absence of antiretroviral therapy increased c-Met and/or EGFR expression. HIV-positive anal cancers showed correlated c-Met and VEGFR1 (P < .003), strong p16 labeling, and an increased Ki67 proliferation. The finding that EGFR, c-Met, and VEGFR1 involved in carcinogenesis are well-represented and coexpressed in anal cancers, especially in HIV-positive population, suggests possible novel targeted treatments for anal diseases.     

粉防己碱对大鼠肝星状细胞增殖及细胞周期素D1,增殖细胞核抗原表达的调控

目的 探讨粉防己碱(Tet)对肝星状细胞(HSC)增殖的调控机制.方法 培养大鼠HSC,MTT法测Tet对HSC增殖的影响,免疫细胞化学法测Tet对HSC增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和细胞周期素D1(CyclinD1)表达的影响.结果 Tet在0.5-1 mg/L的范围内显著抑制大鼠肝星状细胞的增殖(P＜0.05).0.5,1 mg/L Tet浓度组PCNA阳性表达细胞数与对照组有显著性差异(P＜0.01),两浓度组之闻也存在显著性差异(P＜0.01).Tet 0.5,1 ms/L浓度组CyclinD1阳性表达细胞数与对照组有显著性差异(P＜0.01),两浓度组之间差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论 Tet通过抑制细胞周期素CyclinD1,PCNA表达,使细胞周期停滞于G0/G1期,从而发挥抑制大鼠肝星状细胞增殖的作用.     

206例垂体腺瘤的免疫组化,电镜及内分泌特征的研究

本文采用免疫组化及电镜观测分析了206例垂体腺瘤,根据激素分泌及超微结构特征将肿瘤分为11类.其中泌乳素腺瘤最常见(35.92%);其次是生长激素腺瘤(19.42%);零细胞腺瘤(16.50%)等.本文借助流式细胞术DNA分析研究了38例术后复发的垂体腺瘤后认为:嗜酸性干细胞腺瘤和伴Nelson综合征的促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤有术后复发的倾向;此外,侵袭性生长的腺瘤和流式细胞术测定时DNA含量较高的DNA异倍体腺瘤的恶性度相对较高,术后易于复发.     

Localization of orexins and their receptors in the rat olfactory system: possible modulation of olfactory perception by a neuropeptide synthetized centrally or locally

Orexin-A and -B, also known as hypocretins, are two neuropeptides acting on feeding and sleep. They are specific ligands for two different receptors belonging to the G-protein coupled receptors family. Orexin fibers and orexin receptor neurons have been previously described in the forebrain olfactory system. Using immunocytochemistry, we showed that both orexin-A and -B as well as their receptors were present at different levels of the olfactory system, from the nasal mucosa to nuclei of the amygdala. A punctuated staining for orexins and their receptors was detected at the apical part of the olfactory epithelium; in the lamina propria of the mucosa, the staining was localized around olfactory nerves. At the ultrastructural level, olfactory neurons and supporting cells were found immunoreactive for orexins and their receptors. The labeling was localized in dendritic knobs and cilia of neurons, in the apical part and microvilli of supporting cells. The finding of immunolabeled cisternae of reticulum strongly suggests a local synthesis of both peptides and receptors, confirmed by RT-PCR experiments. In forebrain and amygdala regions, we detected numerous orexin fibers. Orexin receptors were present in mitral-tufted cells of the bulb and in many neuronal perikarya in the anterior olfactory nuclei, piriform cortex and amygdala nuclei. Altogether, these results show that orexins and their receptors are present at all levels of the olfactory system, from cilia where odors bind to their receptors to central regions where integration of olfactory signals occurs. They suggest a possible modulation of olfactory perception by these neuropeptides.