Eeffect of seawater immersion on plasma osmotic pressure and electrolyte balance following open chest trauma

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of seawater immersion on serum osmotic pressure and electrolytes balance following chest trauma in dogs. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy adult dogs were used in the experiment. A canine model of right open pneumothorax was established by chest puncturing on all animals. Animals were divided into three groups: a control group (n=10) with chest trauma without any immersion; a seawater group (n=10) immersed in seawater after chest trauma and a normal saline group (n=5) immersed in normal saline solution following chest trauma. Blood samples were taken at different time intervals to determine plasma osmotic pressure and electrolytes. The hemodynamic changes were also recorded. RESULTS: Mortality in the seawater group was much higher than that of the control group and the normal saline group. The mean survival time in the seawater group lasted only 45 minutes, while in the control group and the normal saline group the average survival time was more than 4 hours (P<0.01). One of the most important causes of death was hypernatremia and high osmolality. Severe electrolytes imbalance was observed in seawater group. Hypernatremia and high osmolality were the most significant factors of high mortality in the seawater group. CONCLUSIONS: Seawater immersion after chest trauma appears to be associated with severe electrolyte imbalance as well as high osmotic pressure. These may be the risk factors leading to fatal outcome.     

海水浸泡对伤口愈合时间影响的动物实验观察

目的 观察创伤合并海水浸泡对兔伤口愈合时间的影响.方法 以家兔为实验动物,建立背部双侧圆形创伤模型,伤后随机分为对照组和实验组,每组8只,对照组不浸泡,实验组伤后置海水中浸泡20 min.观察2组创面肉芽组织的生长状况,采用直尺测量法及照相法记录各组伤口大小的变化及最终愈合时间.结果 对照组伤口愈合时间为12～13 d,实验组伤口愈合时间为16～18 d.对照组的肉芽组织形成时间早于实验组.结论 创伤后合并海水浸泡可导致伤口愈合时间明显延长.     

The pzc of Au(111) and Pt(111) in a perchloric acid solution: an ex situ approach to the immersion technique

An electrochemically activated glassy carbon electrode was employed for fabrication of an H₂O₂ sensor through incorporation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the activated surface layer of the electrode during the electrochemical deposition of phenol. The immobilized HRP showed excellent stability and biocatalytic activity for the reduction of H₂O₂. The enzyme electrode exhibited linear responses to H₂O₂ in a concentration range of 5 × 10^?8 to 1 × 10^?5 M and its response time was less than 5 s. At a moderate operating potential of 0V vs. SCE, the direct responses of H₂O₂ and other electroactive interferants, such as ascorbate and urate, on the activated glassy carbon electrode were minimal. The interference of ascorbate and urate was further reduced by the insulating polyphenol film.     

The Mount Sinai international enhancement of social work leadership program: The past and the future

ABSTRACT

Developed in 1988, the Mount Sinai International Enhancement of Social Work Leadership Program brings 4-6 social workers from several countries each year to the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, where they meet with leaders from the hospital, community based organizations and graduate schools of social work, to enhance their leadership ability, strengthen management and research skills, and build upon global social work relationships. This article reviews the results of a survey conducted in 2016 to assess whether the visiting scholars met established learning objectives of the Program. Survey outcomes, presented in quantitative and qualitative terms, show positive results, and the scholars reported that the Program was extremely beneficial. The Program is viewed through the lens of two select adult learning theories: Social Learning Theory, which incorporates collaboration and learning from others, and Transformative Learning Theory, which is comprised of self-reflection and individualized learning. The inclusion of these theories in the implementation of the Program will be discussed. An analysis of the survey’s outcomes, through pre- and post-Program participation and learning, facilitates assessment of potential programmatic adjustments to help evaluate long-term viability of the Program and potential duplication by other academic medical centers.     

Combination operant conditioning--liquid nitrogen immersion chamber for studying neurotransmitter systems and behavior.

Studies of neurochemical events associated with behavior require a method of tissue fixation that is rapid and does not itself produce neurochemical changes. An apparatus is described that permits immediate immersion of an unrestrained behaving animal into liquid nitrogen. This method of tissue fixation has the greatest versatility for studying multiple neurotransmitter systems. In addition to the measurement of neurotransmitter content and turnover, investigation of neurotransmitter receptors, enriched nerve ending fractions and enzyme activities are possible. The operant conditioning-liquid nitrogen immersion chamber described here can be used for studying these neurotransmitter systems as they relate to animal's responding on operant schedules of reinforcement.     

原子吸收光谱法测定玻璃输液瓶中的锑浸出量

目的:建立原子吸收光谱法测定玻璃输液瓶的锑浸出量方法。方法:样品液直接用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定,加入基体改进剂氯化钯和硝酸镁,优化石墨炉加热程序中的灰化温度、原子化温度。结果:锑在1～30μg·L^-1范围内线性良好（r=0.999 2）,检出限为0.425μg·L^-1,回收率为98.2%（RSD=1.3%,n=9）。结论:该方法简便、快速准确、灵敏度高。     

大黄黄连泻心汤、理中丸对消炎痛型及水浸应激型胃溃疡寒热证模型大鼠血清NO和ET含量的影响

目的探讨消炎痛型及水浸应激型胃溃疡中医寒热证模型的形成机制,以及寒热方剂对胃溃疡寒热证模型的基本作用机理和方证相应的客观规律。方法采用寒热因素结合腹腔注射消炎痛法和水浸应激法,分别建立大鼠胃溃疡寒、热证模型,用酶联免疫法检测大黄黄连泻心汤、理中丸对受试大鼠血清中NO和ET含量的影响。结果 NO在水浸应激型胃溃疡和消炎痛型溃疡寒证中含量降低,在热证中含量明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。大黄黄连泻心汤可显著降低热性溃疡组大鼠血清NO的含量,理中丸可显著升高寒性溃疡组大鼠血清NO的含量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。水浸应激型和消炎痛型溃疡寒证中ET含量升高,热性方剂理中丸能降低ET含量。结论 通过"方证相应"理论验证了"病证结合"的胃溃疡寒热模型复制成功。大黄黄连泻心汤对水浸应激型胃溃疡热证、理中丸对水浸应激型胃溃疡寒证的预防作用,及二者对消炎痛型胃溃疡的治疗作用,可通过调节大鼠血清中NO的水平,降低ET的含量而实现。     

开展《中药炮制学》双语教学的初步探索与对策

双语教学是中药炮制学课程教学的必然趋势。文章归纳总结了中药炮制学课程双语教学的教学策略以及实施途径。渗透型双语教学模式能够提高学生的中药炮制专业能力和语言运用能力。具体的课堂实践验证了该模式的教学效果,提供了相应的参考案例。     

模拟市政供水在一般水质处理器卫生安全评价浸泡试验中的应用研究

目的 研究一般水质处理器在模拟实际使用浸泡条件下有害物溶出情况.方法 对一般水质处理器进行常规纯水静态浸泡试验、模拟市政供水静态浸泡试验和模拟市政供水动态浸泡试验的浸泡效果对比试验.结果 模拟市政供水动态浸泡试验色度、浑浊度的增加值高于纯水静态浸泡和模拟市政供水静态试验,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);模拟市政供水静态和动态浸泡试验中耗氧量、铅含量的增加值均高于纯水静态浸泡试验,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).纯水静态浸泡试验各指标均合格.模拟市政供水静态浸泡试验和动态浸泡试验耗氧量不合格,色度、浑浊度和铅均合格.结论 一般水质处理器在模拟市政供水动态和静态浸泡试验中,耗氧量、铅、镉、砷、汞、六价铬、挥发酚的溶出量未见差异,但耗氧量和铅均明显高于纯水静态浸泡试验的溶出量.