Hemodynamic support of the micropreemie: Should hydrocortisone never be left out?

Hemodynamic support for a micropreemie is critically important for preventing mortality and morbidity. An essential consideration in hemodynamic support is insufficient transition from fetal to neonatal circulation and inadequate cortisol production. The first 72 h of life are the most critical, especially when myocardial function is immature and impaired. Therefore, there is a need to determine and adjust preload, myocardial contractility, and afterload appropriately using repeated functional echocardiography. In addition, if myocardial function is not responsive to these attempts at hemodynamic management, hydrocortisone must be used to minimize the suboptimal perfusion burden. Fetal cortisol production is supported by a supply of progesterone from the placenta, and postnatally, adrenal cortisol production in the extremely preterm infant may be inadequate if the infant is placed under excessive stress. This leads to relative adrenal insufficiency which may last for up to several weeks after birth and lead to late-onset circulatory collapse, necessitating treatment with physiological doses of hydrocortisone.     

乌拉地尔复合艾司洛尔控制性降压在高血压患者脊柱手术中的应用

目的评估在经后路椎体间植骨、椎弓根钉内固定术中,高血压患者脊柱手术中乌拉地尔复合艾司洛尔控制性降压的可行性。方法 60例经后路椎体间植骨、椎弓根钉内固定术高血压患者随机分为两组,即U组(单纯乌拉地尔组)、U-E组(乌拉地尔复合艾司洛尔组),各3O例。手术开始时即行控制性降压,U组:先静脉注射盐酸乌拉地尔0.4mg/kg,此后持续泵注乌拉地尔,维持初始量20～25μg/(kg·min);U-E组:先静脉注射盐酸乌拉地尔0.4mg/kg、艾司洛尔10mg,此后持续泵注盐酸乌拉地尔20～25μg/(kg·min),同时持续泵注艾司洛尔,速率20～30μg/(kg·min)。使平均动脉压(MAP)降至目标血压(MAP降至基础血压的70%)。此后根据血压情况调整用药速度,至手术主要步骤操作完毕、术野止血完毕后停止降压。记录开始降压前即刻(T0)、降压5min(T1)、降压10min(T2)、降压30min(T3)、降压60min(T4)、停止降压后15min(T5)6个时间点血压(SBP、DBP、MAP)、心率(HR)、中心静脉压(CVP)的变化及晶胶体输入量、尿量、出血量和输血量、手术时间,并进行血气分析。结果两组患者MAP的下降均显著低于降压前(P<0.01);降压期间,U组心率在T1、T2、T3时增快,与T0比较有差异有统计学意义;U-E组的心率显著低于U组(P<0.05)。两组术中出血量、尿量、输血量比价,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论乌拉地尔复合艾司洛尔控制性降压应用于高血压患者脊柱手术安全、有效,可控性良好。     

健康教育联合心理干预在预防血液透析患者低血压发生的应用效果分析

目的：评估健康教育联合心理干预在预防血液透析患者发生低血压并发症的应用效果。方法选取血液净化中心接受治疗的80例血液透析患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字法将其分为2组（n=40）,给予对照组常规护理方案,观察组则采用健康教育联合心理干预的护理方案,对比观察2组患者低血压并发症的发生率,同时调查2组患者对护理的满意度。结果观察组患者低血压发生率为4.40%,明显低于对照组的16.35%,组间对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论在接受血液透析治疗的患者中采用健康教育联合心理护理的模式,可有效预防低血压的产生,提高治疗的有效性,优化患者的生活质量,值得推广。     

Low Systolic Blood Pressure and Mortality From All Causes and Vascular Diseases Among Older Middle-aged Men: Korean Veterans Health Study

Objectives:

Recently, low systolic blood pressure (SBP) was found to be associated with an increased risk of death from vascular diseases in a rural elderly population in Korea. However, evidence on the association between low SBP and vascular diseases is scarce. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the association between low SBP and mortality from all causes and vascular diseases in older middle-aged Korean men.

Methods:

From 2004 to 2010, 94 085 Korean Vietnam War veterans were followed-up for deaths. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model. A stratified analysis was conducted by age at enrollment. SBP was self-reported by a postal survey in 2004.

Results:

Among the participants aged 60 and older, the lowest SBP (<90 mmHg) category had an elevated aHR for mortality from all causes (aHR, 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 3.1) and vascular diseases (International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, I00-I99; aHR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 8.4) compared to those with an SBP of 100 to 119 mmHg. Those with an SBP below 80 mmHg (aHR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 18.8) and those with an SBP of 80 to 89 mmHg (aHR, 3.1; 95% CI, 0.9 to 10.2) also had an increased risk of vascular mortality, compared to those with an SBP of 90 to 119 mmHg. This association was sustained when excluding the first two years of follow-up or preexisting vascular diseases. In men younger than 60 years, the association of low SBP was weaker than that in those aged 60 years or older.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that low SBP (<90 mmHg) may increase vascular mortality in Korean men aged 60 years or older.     

A review of potential pharmacogenetic effects on catecholamine responses

Considerably, variability in the clinical response to inotropic agents is observed and could be explained partially by the genetic variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genes encoding for enzymes implicated in catecholamines synthesis, metabolism, storage and release or in the signaling pathway. This review highlights the potential effect of pharmacogenetics studies in hemodynamic response and identified 11 SNPs that could be relevant to explain the high variability drug response for a same dose. Cardiovascular instability, such as hypotension, is one of the premature birth complications. The pharmacogenetics studies evaluating these SNP may be useful to better understand the clinical outcome, particularly in this population.     

氯沙坦与氨氯地平的降压疗效及其对左心室肥厚逆转作用的效果对比

目的比较氯沙坦与氨氯地平的降压疗效及其对左心室肥厚逆转作用的效果。方法选取2010年5月—2013年4月我社区收治的高血压患者120例,采用随机数字表法将其分为A组和B组,各60例。A组口服氯沙坦钾片治疗,B组口服苯磺酸氨氯地平片治疗,均连续治疗12周。比较两组患者血压和超声心动图指标,包括左心室舒张末内径(LVDd)、舒张期室间隔厚度(LVSd)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWd)、左心室重量指数(LVMI)。结果治疗后两组收缩压和舒张压比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);A组LVDd、LVSd、LVPWd、LVMI均低于B组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论氯沙坦与氨氯地平治疗原发性高血压均可获得满意的降压疗效,其中氯沙坦可有效逆转左心室肥厚,疗效具有一定的优越性。