部分性脾栓塞治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的临床应用及价值

目的 总结１２例部分性脾栓塞术（Ｐａｒｔｉａｌ Ｓｐｌｅｉｃ ｅｍｂｏｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ,ＰＥＳ）治疗脾功能亢进的经验,探讨其应用价值。方法：１２例肝硬化脾亢患者,均行ＰＳＥ术,术中通过数字减影血管造影机（Ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ Ｓｕｂｓｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ Ａｒｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＤＳＡ）严格控制栓塞程度。结果 １２例患者中１１例脾亢缓解,未发生脾脓肿等严重并发症。结论：ＰＳＥ术能有效地缩小脾脏,缓解脾亢,并     

部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝炎后肝硬化并发脾功能亢进症

目的 :探讨部分脾动脉栓塞术 (PSE)治疗肝炎后肝硬化并发脾功能亢进症的临床疗效 ,及手术并发症预防和处理。方法 :对 47例PSE术的临床资料进行回顾性分析 ,根据脾肿大程度决定栓塞范围 ,重度脾肿大行多次小范围栓塞。结果 :术后外周血细胞显著回升 ,脾脏回缩 ,并发症发生率 2 3 4% ( 11/47)主要为自发性腹膜炎等 ,无死亡及后遗症发生。结论 :PSE创伤小 ,效果好 ,是治疗肝炎后肝硬化并发脾亢的首选疗法。     

部分脾栓塞术的临床应用

目的探讨部分脾栓塞术(PSE)的临床应用。方法采用PSE治疗肝癌伴脾亢(HCC-HS)86例,其它继发性脾亢(SHS)26例,原发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)5例,其中20例2次以上PSE。结果平均栓塞范围HCC-HS组为36%,SHS组为60%,ITP组为74%;临床有效率分别为84.8%、88.5%、100%。HCC-HS组因单次栓塞范围较小,约20.9%(18/86)病人需行再次栓塞。全部病例均未发生严重并发症。结论PSE是安全有效的,可作为外科脾切除的替代疗法。HCC-HS组为了减轻术后并发症PSE可分次进行。     

部分性脾动脉栓塞术治疗脾功能亢进40例临床分析

介入治疗脾功能亢进(脾亢)始于1973年,Madisom首先报道在临床上试用脾动脉栓塞治疗门脉高压症伴脾亢,得到脾脏缩小及外周血细胞迅速改善的结果。1980年Spigos等应用部分性脾动脉栓塞法(PSE)明显减少了全脾栓塞所引起的并发症。1985年Jonasson等报道用明胶海绵颗粒作PSE脾亢,长期随访结果表明相当安全且很少严重并发症[1]。随后部分性脾动脉栓塞已广泛应用于脾亢的治疗[2-7],成为外科脾切除术的替代方法,它具有较低的并发症和病死率。我院从2004年3月至2005年12月对40例脾亢患者实施PSE,取得满意疗效,现报道如下。     

部分脾脏栓塞术治疗肝硬化门脉高压合并脾机能亢进的临床研究

目的 :探讨部分脾脏栓塞术对肝硬化门脉高压合并脾机能亢进的治疗价值。方法 :应用PVA颗粒 ,对 4 6例门脉高压肝硬化合并脾脏机能亢进的患者施行经脾动脉部分脾脏栓塞术 ,随访术后不同时间窗内疗效并对比研究了栓塞前后的门静脉和脾静脉血流速度的变化。结果 :4 6例患者成功施行了经脾动脉栓塞技术 ,达到了临床预期的治疗目标 ,消除了脾机能亢进的症状 ,无严重并发症发生 ,白细胞和血小板术后 2 4h即有明显改善 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,4周后恢复正常水平保持平稳。脾静脉和门静脉血流速度手术后明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,随访 6～ 2 1个月 ,脾机能亢进的症状未复发。结论 :部分脾脏栓塞术简便微创安全 ,治疗肝硬化门静脉高压合并脾机能亢进疗效好 ,值得临床推广应用。     

肝癌合并门脉高压脾功能亢进11例外科治疗

目的 探讨肝癌合并门静脉高压脾功能亢进患者外科治疗的方法。方法 回顾分析2001～2002年经手术治疗的肝癌合并门脉高压脾功能亢进患者11例，切除肝癌病灶同时行脾切除，或加行贲门周围血管离断术。结果 全组无手术死亡。术后并发症有腹水、低钠血症、上消化道出血、腹腔内出血。结论 肝癌合并门静脉高压脾功能亢进一期进行手术治疗是安全可行的。     

部分脾栓塞治疗肝癌伴脾功能亢进26例分析

目的 探讨对原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进（脾亢）患者行部分脾栓塞的临床价值。方法对26例不能行手术切除,且血细胞明显低于正常的原发肝癌伴脾亢患者行部分脾栓塞,栓塞面积控制在50%～70%,栓塞前后测定血细胞数量,并作统计学分析。结果脾栓塞术后24、48、72h,1、2、4周血白细胞和血小板均较栓塞前明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05和P〈0.01）。结论 部分脾栓塞治疗脾功能亢进,能提高血细胞数量,而使患者的肝动脉化疗能正常进行,延长患者生存期。     

Extrahepatic portal hypertension in children: observations on three surgical procedures

This paper presents a comparative prospective study of three modalities of surgical treatment for extrahepatic portal hypertension in children: central splenorenal shunt after splenectomy (CSS), side-to-side lienorenal shunt (SSLR) without splenectomy, and splenectomy and gastroesophageal devascularization (SGD). In an 18-month period, 27 procedures were performed: 10 CSS, 10 SSLR, and seven SGD. The outcomes were evaluated by fall in portal pressures, hematological parameters, shunt patency, splenic regression, and disappearance of esophageal varices. All three procedures were comparable in the fall of portal pressure after surgery. The average blood loss and operating time were statistically significant in favor of SSLR compared with CSS. At 3-month follow-up, shunt patency was confirmed by duplex Doppler study in all the patients in the SSLR group and in nine out of 10 patients in the CSS group. In the CSS and SGD groups, hypersplenism resolved in all the patients. In the SSLR group, blood counts improved in only five out of eight affected children. No patient re-bled during a follow-up of 3–5 years. There were no cases of hepatic encephalopathy or overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis. In conclusion, CSS is useful when there is a large spleen, severe hypersplenism, and a shuntable splenic vein. SSLR is suitable when there is only mild splenomegaly, mild hypersplenism, and a shuntable splenic vein. Splenectomy and devascularization is the choice when there is no shuntable splenic vein.     

Indications and complications of splenectomy for children with sickle cell disease

Background

Sickle cell anemia (SCA), which is characterized by high hemoglobin (Hb) F level and persistent splenomegaly into the older age group (up to 18 years of age) or even adults, is one of the commonest hemoglobinopathies in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. This makes them liable to develop splenic complications requiring splenectomy. This is a review of our experience in the management of 134 children with SCA who had splenectomy as part of their management at our hospital, with emphasis given to the indications and complications of splenectomy.

Patients and methods

The medical records of all children who had splenectomy at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed for the following: age at splenectomy, sex, Hb electrophoresis, indication for splenectomy, preoperative investigations, type of surgery, spleen weight, histology, perioperative management, and postoperative complications.

Results

From 1990 to 2004, 170 children with various hematologic disorders had splenectomy at our hospital. Of these, 134 had SCA (118 had sickle cell disease and 16 had sickle-β-thalassemia). Recurrent acute splenic sequestration crisis (ASSC) was the commonest indication for splenectomy in 103 (76.9%) patients, followed by hypersplenism in 18 (13.4%). Seven (5.2%) of our patients had splenectomy for splenic abscess (SA) and 2 had splenectomy for massive splenic infarction; 103 (61 boys, 42 girls) patients with a mean age of 7.6 years (range, 1.8-13 years) had splenectomy for ASSC. Their mean Hb F level was 20.5% (range, 9.2%-39.6%). Thirty-two of them had major attacks. Their Hb levels at the time of admission ranged from 1.4 to 4.1 g/dL (mean, 2.5 g/dL). The remaining 71 had minor recurrent attacks. Eighteen had splenectomy for hypersplenism and all had a significant increase in their blood parameters after splenectomy. Seven had splenectomy for SA. In 5 patients, Salmonella was the causative organism; in 1, it was Enterobacter sakazaki, whereas in 1, no organisms were identified. Two of our patients had splenectomy for massive splenic infarction because of persistent left upper quadrant abdominal pain, and 1 had splenectomy for splenomegaly with a nonfunctioning spleen. Twenty-eight (21%) of our patients had splenectomy and cholecystectomy. In 4 patients, this was because of symptomatic gallstones, whereas in the other 24, it was because of asymptomatic gallstones discovered on ultrasound. There was no mortality, but 8 (6%) developed postoperative complications.

Conclusions

With good perioperative management, splenectomy in children with SCA is not only safe, but also beneficial in treating SA, reducing the patients' transfusion requirements, eliminating the risks of ASSC, and eliminating the discomfort and mechanical pressure of the enlarged spleen. Abdominal ultrasound should be done routinely preoperatively for all children with SCA undergoing splenectomy, and if gallstones are discovered, they should undergo concomitant cholecystectomy. This is even so for asymptomatic gallstones. The addition of cholecystectomy to splenectomy does not increase the morbidity, but eliminates the subsequent complications of gallstones and simplifies their future management in case of abdominal crisis as the possibility of cholecystitis is eliminated.