矮杨梅叶挥发油的GC-MS分析

目的 :通过研究分析矮杨梅叶挥发油成分 ,为矮杨梅的开发利用提供实验依据。方法 :采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取矮杨梅叶挥发油 ,用GC MS法分析鉴定。结果与结论 :分离出 5 4个组分 ,鉴定出 4 0个化合物 ,其含量占总挥发油的 94 5 9%。挥发油主要由 2部分组成 ,低沸点部分主要为单萜烯烃及其醇衍生物 ,高沸点部分以倍半萜为主     

Experimental studies on the lead accumulation in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta and its final host,Rattus norvegicus

It recently became clear that acanthocephalans parasitizing mammals can bioconcentrate several heavy metals to conspicuously higher concentrations than the tissues of their definitive hosts. As cestodes are more abundant in terrestrial animals than acanthocephalans, and thus potentially more useful in attempts toward passive as well as active biomonitoring, a very common tapeworm and its synanthropic mammalian host were selected for the present study. The tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta and experimentally infected male Wistar rats of the CD-M-strain were investigated with respect to their lead accumulation. The worms were allowed to grow up for five weeks post infection followed by a five weeks oral lead exposure of the rats. After the exposure period the rats were killed and the metal levels were determined in muscle, liver, intestine, testes and kidney of the rats as well as in the parasites. Lead concentrations were found to be 17 times higher in the cestodes than in kidney, whereas metal levels in all other host tissues were below the detection limit. Thus, this study reveals that lead accumulation also occurs in cestodes parasitizing mammals. Due to a lack of adequate sentinel species in terrestrial habitats the host-parasite-system rat-H. diminuta appears to be a useful and promising bioindication system especially in urban ecosystems.     

Serum malondialdehyde level in children infected with Vampirolepis nana

BACKGROUND: Vampirolepis nana is the only human tapeworm in which the intermediate host is not necessary and transmission is from person to person. In this study the changes of serum malondialdehyde level, that is, the oxidative stress hypothesis in patients infected with V. nana, was investigated. METHODS: Serum malondialdehyde concentration activity was measured in 32 patients who were positive for intestinal parasite of V. nana. Levels were obtained for the positively infected patients and their age and gender were matched to 32 healthy controls. RESULTS: The difference between malondialdehyde levels of patients infected with V. nana and the control group was statistically significant both for females (P < 0.05) and males (P < 0.05). In the patient and control groups, no correlation was found between age and malondialdehyde levels both in females and males. In addition, no significant correlation could be found between malondialdehyde levels of both females and males for the patient and control groups. CONCLUSION: Malondialdehyde levels were clearly increased in the patients infected with V. nana.     

Anticestodal activity of Adhatoda vasica extract against Hymenolepis diminuta infections in rats

AIM OF THIS STUDY: Adhatoda vasica Nees has been commonly used in the indigenous system of medicine of Naga tribes in India for curing intestinal worm infections. In this study the anticestodal efficacy of Adhatoda vasica leaf extract was evaluated using Hymenolepis diminuta-rat experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anticestodal efficacy of leaf extract was determined by monitoring the eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces counts and percentage worm recovery rates following treatment with methanol leaf extract of this plant to different groups of rats harbouring immature and mature Hymenolepis diminuta infections. RESULTS: The result indicated 800mg/kg double dose of extract has profound efficacy against mature worms, where the EPG count was reduced by 79.57% and percentage worm recovery rate by 16.60%. These effects were better than treatment with 5mg/kg single dose of praziquantel, the standard drug. In case of efficacy against immature worms, the extract showed a significant reduction in worm recovery rate (from 100% in control to 20.00% at 800mg/kg dose of extract). CONCLUSION: The study shows that the leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica possesses significant anticestodal efficacy and supports its use in the folk medicine.     

封闭群子午沙鼠的寄生虫感染及药物净化效果

目的 为建立清洁级子午沙鼠种群奠定基础,为制定子午沙鼠寄生虫检测标准提供参考依据。方法 对封闭群子午沙鼠寄生虫感染情况进行调查研究,选择胺菊·氯菊酯、吡喹酮、替硝唑三种药物,分为高、中、低剂量对子午沙鼠用药,观察子午沙鼠体内外寄生虫驱除情况。结果 在子午沙鼠体内检出鼠三毛滴虫和短膜壳绦虫两种体内寄生虫,体外寄生虫有鼠肉螨。高、中、低剂量组能不同程度杀死子午沙鼠体表食肉螨,鼠肉螨用1%的胺菊·氯菊酯药浴子午沙鼠三次即可驱除子午沙鼠体表的鼠肉螨,有螨动物只数为零。吡喹酮中剂量组（31 mg/kg）有完全杀死子午沙鼠体内短膜壳绦虫的作用,且为最佳给药剂量。替硝唑中剂量组（42 mg/kg）为净化子午沙鼠体内鼠三毛滴虫的最佳剂量。结论 现有的子午沙鼠体内有鼠三毛滴虫和短膜壳绦虫感染,体外有鼠肉螨寄生,三种抗寄生虫药物具有选择性驱除这些寄生虫的作用。     

矮杨梅根的化学成分研究

目的 研究矮杨梅Myrica nana根的化学成分.方法 运用硅胶、凝胶柱色谱等进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据进行结构鉴定.结果 从矮杨梅根中分离得到11个化合物.通过核磁共振谱、质谱等波谱分析手段鉴定此11个化合物结构,分别为2α,3β-二羟基羽扇豆醇-20(29)-烯-28(19)-内酯(Ⅰ)、2α,3β-异丙叉羽扇豆醇-20(29)-烯-28(19)-内酯(Ⅱ)、龙吉苷元(Ⅲ)、马斯里酸(IV)、齐墩果酸(V)、杨梅萜二醇(VI)、阿江榄仁酸(Ⅶ)、arjunglucoside Ⅱ(Ⅷ)、6,7-二羟基藁本内酯(Ⅸ)、氢化胡椒苷(X)、6'-O-acylclionastero-3-O-glucoside(Ⅺ).结论 化合物Ⅰ为新化合物,命名为羽扇豆醇内酯(lupeolenolide),化合物Ⅱ为Ⅰ的新的人工产物,命名为异丙叉羽扇豆醇内酯(isoproPyl-lupeolenolide).化合物Ⅲ、Ⅷ～Ⅺ为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

苗药芭蕉根及其易混淆品的紫外谱线组法鉴别研究

目的 建立苗药芭蕉根与其易混淆品香蕉根、美人蕉根的紫外光谱鉴别方法.方法 采用紫外分光光度计研究苗药芭蕉根、香蕉根和美人蕉根的水、无水乙醇、氯仿和石油醚(60～90℃)4种溶剂的浸泡液的紫外吸收图谱,采用紫外谱线组的吸收峰数及峰位置对其结构特征进行分析鉴别.结果 苗药芭蕉根与香蕉根和美人蕉根的紫外谱线组的最大吸收峰数及峰位置有差异.结论 该法简便、准确、灵敏,可为苗药芭蕉根与香蕉根和美人蕉根鉴别提供参考.     

Establishment of Hymenolepis diminuta Life Cycle to Provide Parasite Mass Production

Background

The main object of this experimental work was to practise laboratory production both adult and the larval stage of Hymenolepis diminuta with conventional modification to make further studies easier.

Materials & Method

Adults H. diminuta were collected from urban rats in Tehran, Iran. The beetles became infected using blended gravid segments with flour as bait. Cysticercoids have been saved after precise dissection of invertebrate hosts. The exposure of infected beetles to laboratory rats was performed to establish the life cycle.

Result

Out of 57 collected rats, three rats were infected with H. diminuta. Almost all exposed beetles found infected with the larval stage of parasite. About one-month later H. diminuta eggs were seen in stool examination of laboratory rats.

Conclusion

Rare human occurrence of H. diminuta along with light level of clinical manifestation of this parasite, underestimate the concerns toward its public health importance. Nowadays, various field of studies, such as biochemistry with special focuses on the capability of H. diminuta tegument absorption have performed apart from parasitological views alone. In the present study, establishment of this parasite life cycle has practically provided the access of adult and cysticercoid stages of the tapeworm in further researches.     

Anthelmintic constituents from ginger (Zingiber officinale) against Hymenolepis nana

This study investigated the anthelmintic activity of gingerenone A, [6]-dehydrogingerdione, [4]-shogaol, 5-hydroxy-[6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol, [6]-gingerol, [10]-shogaol, [10]-gingerol, hexahydrocurcumin, 3R,5S-[6]-gingerdiol and 3S,5S-[6]-gingerdiol, a constituent isolate from the roots of ginger, for the parasite Hymenolepis nana. The cestocidal activity or ability to halt spontaneous parasite movement (oscillation/peristalsis) in H. nana of above constituents was reached from 24 to 72 h in a time- and dose-dependent manner, respectively. The [10]-shogaol and [10]-gingero1 have maximum lethal efficacy and loss of spontaneous movement than the others at 24–72 h. In addition, worms treated with 1 and 10 μM [10]-gingero1, more than 30% had spontaneous movement of oscillation at 72 h but [10]-shogaol at 72 h only about 15–20% of oscillation. This showing that [10]-gingero1 had less loss of spontaneous movement efficacy than [10]-shogaol. After exposure to 200 μM [10]-shogaol, 100% of H. nana had died at 12 h rather than died at 24 h for [10]-gingerol, showing that [10]-gingero1 had less lethal efficacy than [10]-shogaol. In addition, these constituents of ginger showed effects against peroxyl radical under cestocidal activity. In order to evaluate the cestocidal activity and cytokine production caused by ginger's extract R0 in the H. nana infected mice, we carried out in vivo examination about H. nana infected mice BALB/c mice were inoculated orally with 500 eggs. After post-inoculation, R0 (1 g/kg/day) was administered orally for 10 days. The R0 exhibited cestocidal activity in vivo of significantly reduced worms number and cytokines production by in vitro Con A-stimulated spleen cells showed that INF-γ and IL-2 were significantly increases by R0. IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 were significantly decreases and Murine KC and IL-12 were not significantly changes by R0. Together, these findings first suggest that these constituents of ginger might be used as cestocidal agents against H. nana.     

Hymenolepis diminuta infection in a school-going child: A rare case report

Hymenolepis diminuta (H. diminuta) is a common parasite of rats and mice. It is very rare among humans. The life cycle of this parasite is completed in two hosts. Human beings are accidentally infected due to ingestion of infected fleas. Most of the time human infections are asymptomatic. We report a case of Hymenolepis diminuta infection in a school-going 10-year-old girl from a coastal village in south Tamil Nadu. Demonstration of H. diminuta eggs in the stool is the important diagnostic tool. Absence of polar filaments confirms the Hymenolepis diminuta. Praziquantal is the drug of choice.