Histochemical,cytochemical and autoradiographic studies on the rostellum ofHymenolepis diminuta

Histochemical studies on the rostellum ofHymenolepis diminuta revealed diastase-stable, protein/neutral carbohydrate-rich material localized in the rostellum tegument. The remainder of the rostellum, primarily composed of the glycogen-rich myocytons of the rostellum musculature, is protein-poor, but rich in diastase-labile, neutral and acidic carbohydrates. Ultrastructural cytochemical studies, using the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazideosmium (PATCO) technique, indicated that the granules of the rostellar tegumental cytons and distal cytoplasm are carbohydrate-rich. Lipids are present in the rostellar myocytons but not in the tegumental cytons. Autoradiography using a pulse-labeling with [³H]leucine revealed an apical translocation of tegumental granules, but at a slower rate than had been reported for the strobilar tegument of the same organism. Neither [³H]galactose nor [³H]glucose were incorporated into the rostellar tegumental granules. The function of the secretory glycoprotein(s) produced in the rostellar tegument and its (their) possible role in the regulation of maturation and/or strobilization remain enigmatic.     

Leucocyte variation, an insight of host defenses during hymenolepiasis and restoration with praziquantel

Haematological studies in helminthiasis reveal drastic alterations in the white blood cells (leucocytes), and its various components like neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils. The use of proper anthelmintic agent, restores normalcy in the infected host. These variations during helminth infections reflect the host defense status in combating the parasitic attack. The present study involves the evaluation of these total and differential haematological alterations, induced in the laboratory mouse Mus musculus, infested with the intestinal helminth, Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm), and treated with the praziquantel, using an automatic Coulter Counter.     

Analysis of antibody responses to Hymenolepis nana infection in mice by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoprecipitation

Serum antibody responses in two strains of mice infected with embryonated eggs of Hymenolepis nana were analysed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoprecipitation (IP) using sodium deoxycholate (DOC)-solubilized antigens prepared from embryonated eggs (eggs), mouse-derived cysticercoids (cysts) and adult tapeworms with immature segments only (adults). Highly susceptible dd mice, which harbour mature tapeworms for a long period (greater than 70 days), produced high levels of antibodies to all three different stages of H. nana. BALB/c mice, almost all of which expel adult tapeworms by 30 days after infection, produced high levels of antibody against egg antigens only. The high antibody titres to cyst and adult antigens in dd mice did not lead to expulsion of the worms. However, worms are rejected early in BALB/c mice when there is little or no detectable serum antibody. The antibody responses to eggs seen in BALB/c mice which had long since shed their adult worms were probably due to ingestion of eggs from faeces of other infected mice. Antibodies to eggs were not detected in BALB/c mice which were initially inoculated with eggs (day 0) and then treated with praziquantel on day 6 after the tissue phase of infection only. The different antibody responses to egg antigens and the other two antigens (cyst and adult) in BALB/c mice suggest a difference in antigen specificity between eggs and both cysts and adults. A major antigen component with Mr 32,000 appears to be specific to the egg (or oncosphere) stage of H. nana. Antibody to this major component of eggs was absorbed only with intact eggs, but not with intact cysts nor adults with immature segments only, so that the antigen appears to be on the surface of the oncosphere.     

短膜壳绦虫(H.nana)染色体组型分析

本文采用成熟节片短期培养,空气干燥法制片,首次分析了短膜壳绦虫的染色体组型。短膜壳绦虫染色体数目为2n=12,染色体组型由2对中部着丝粒染色体,1对亚中部着丝粒染色体,3对端部着丝粒染色体组成。     

江苏江都县吴堡乡缩小膜壳绦虫流行病学调查

本文报告１９９３年在江苏江都县吴堡乡进行了缩小鹏壳绦虫流行病学调查，采用定量透明法和饱和盐水浮聚法检查１９２１份粪样，阳性２２例．感染率１．１％，其中６例混合肠道线虫感染；采用饱和硝酸钠浮聚法检测庭院士样４５０份，阳性６份，污染率１．３％．同时证实家鼠存在感染，缩小膜壳绦虫在当地人、鼠之间相互传播构成了流行的可能性。     

寄生人体缩小膜壳绦虫成虫及虫卵的扫描电镜观察

服用槟榔（１００ｇ）煎剂和硫酸镁（３０ｇ），从１例感染者肠道驱出缩小膜壳绦虫４１条。扫描电镜观察，成虫和虫卵的形态与鼠内虫体基本相似。但微毛仅见于头节和成节，乳突仅于幼节见到。顶突呈菜花样隆起，无微毛和乳突。吸盘附近发现２个长约６μｍ的三角形孔穴。结果提示，人类和鼠类的缩小膜壳绦虫之间可能存在不同的生理型。     

小粘膜藻不同提取部位体外抗肿瘤作用研究

在海洋独特的生态环境中,海藻属于被吞食的弱者,为了对付海洋食草动物的吞食来维护自身生存,大多海藻能产生一些很有抵御特色的活性物质,如何实现海藻中活性物质的高价值利用是科学工作者的焦点.     

Immunoglobulin E and mast cell responses are related to worm biomass but not expulsion of Hymenolepis diminuta during low dose infection in rats

It is well known that the destrobilation and later expulsion are characteristics of multiple Hymenolepis diminuta infections in rats. This process is suggested to be mediated by a variety of host cellular responses. It has also been suggested that immunoglobulin (Ig) E may have a beneficial role for some cestodes including H. diminuta. We examined the intestinal mast cell and serum IgE responses to a 10-H. diminuta infection in three different rat strains. Tapeworm infection induced no increased mast cell and IgE responses in F344 rats in which neither worm biomass nor worm burden decreased during 6 weeks of observation. The number of mast cells and amounts of serum rat mast cell protease (RMCP) II and IgE markedly increased from 3 weeks postinfection (p.i.) in BN rats. The worm biomass in BN rats was significantly lower than that in F344 rats, but worm burden was not different from that in F344 rats at 3 or 6 weeks p.i. In DA rats, the number of mast cells and levels of serum RMCP II and IgE increased at 6 weeks but not at 3 weeks p.i. Although numbers of mast cells and serum RMCP II and IgE levels were lower in DA rats than in BN rats, smaller and fewer worms were recovered in DA rats than in F344 and BN rats at from 3 and 6 weeks p.i. Worms were recovered from all of F344 and BN rats, while only 40% of DA rats harboured worms at 6 weeks p.i. These results suggested that the worm biomass was related to mast cell and IgE responses, but these responses were not required for worm expulsion during low dose H. diminuta infection in rats.     

First evidence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paraheligmonina gracilis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hymenolepis sulcata</Emphasis> among fat dormice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glis glis</Emphasis> L.) from Croatia

Summary The present study reports for the first time on the helminth species occurring in the gastro-intestinal system of fat dormice (Glis glis) in Croatia. Out of 55 dormice, 63.7 % harboured helminths belonging to two species, the nematode Paraheligmonina gracilis (syn. Longistriata elpatievskii) (Heligmonellidae, Trichostrogyloidea) in the prevalence of 52.7 %, and the cestode Hymenolepis sulcata (Hymenolepididae, Cyclophyllidea) in the prevalence of 32.7 %. Concurrent infections of both parasites were found in 12 fat dormice, P. gracilis alone was detected in 17 hosts and H. sulcata alone in 6 samples. No influence of parasitic infestation on animal weight was observed. Glirid helminths do not represent zoonotic pathogens despite the fact that dormice occasionally inhabit cottages and village houses, and are used in human nutrition.