宫颈高危型HPV持续感染与细菌性阴道病和阴道微生态相关性研究

目的探究宫颈高危型HPV持续感染与细菌性阴道病和阴道微生态的相关性。方法在2018年4月-2019年4月于该院妇科进行体检的318例女性中,根据宫颈液基细胞学检测、高危HPV检测及阴道微生态的结果,将纳入研究的女性分为HPV阳性组与HPV阴性组,对HPV阳性组患者持续回访并分析HPV持续感染与阴道微生态的相关性。结果HPV阳性组患者的细菌性阴道病与不同类型阴道炎例数显著高于HPV阴性组(P<0.05);阴道微生态四项指标中,两组患者pH值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),HPV阳性组患者白细胞酯酶、唾液酸苷酶、H2O2三项指标的阳性例数与四项指标全部阳性均显著高于HPV阴性组(P<0.05),HPV阴性组阴道微生态正常例数显著高于HPV阳性组(P<0.05);HPV阴性组无病变与不典型鳞状细胞例数显著高于HPV阳性组(P<0.05),两组患者低度鳞状上皮内病变例数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),HPV阳性组高度鳞状上皮内病变与鳞状细胞癌例数显著高于HPV阴性组(P<0.05)。结论阴道微生态指标的异常变化与高危型HPV持续感染呈现相关性,控制微生态的动态平衡,是预防女性生殖道疾病的关键。     

Black-fly assemblage distribution patterns in streams in disturbed areas in southern Brazil

Black flies (Simuliidae) are considered to be pests in rural and in some urban areas in the south of Brazil due to the bites of females. Little information exists on the factors that contribute to Simuliidae distribution in these areas. We sampled 39 streams in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in September 2004 to address ecological aspects. Of the 18 species collected, those that occurred in more than 50% of the streams were: Simulium subnigrum Lutz 1910, Simulium pertinax Kollar 1882, Simulium subpallidum Lutz 1910 and Simulium incrustatum Lutz 1910. Species richness was not influenced by any of the environmental or geographical variables considered, and there was no pattern of species co-occurrence, corroborating the hypothesis of a stochastic distribution of the Simuliidae assemblage. When analyzed individually, only three of seven species with occurrence frequency >30% were related to any of the variables measured. The probabilities of occurrence of Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon 1927 and S. pertinax were higher in streams with high values of water pH and electrical conductivity, whereas the opposite was observed for S. incrustatum. Therefore, due to stochastic distribution, the population studies of Simuliidae are more suitable for predicting the occurrence of species in rural areas than are studies of assemblages.     

Social support,rural/urban residence,and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults

This study aims to examine the extent to which people are socially integrated and the association between social support and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults, with regard to the moderating effect of the rural or urban residence. The author used data from the China health and longitudinal study (CHARLS), a nationally representative longitudinal survey of the population of adults aged over 45 in China. A total of 16,372 participants were included in this study, and the mean age of the sample was 59.7. Three variables were used to measure participants' social support: family size, proximity of support, and social involvement. The Chinese version of 10-item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used as a measurement tool for depressive symptoms. The findings demonstrate that small family size, living with a spouse, frequency of contact with children, and a number of social activities have significant effects on depressive symptoms. For all aspects of social support, the influence on depressive symptoms is not significantly different between urban and rural areas. Family support, especially the support of a spouse is crucial to prevent depression. This study also identifies the vital effect of social activity and encourages the government to improve public services, especially in rural areas.     

Retrospective comparison between non-treponemal and treponemal tests for screening of blood donors for syphilis and their correlation with donor history in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background and objectivesTreponemal tests provide advantage of better detection during early, late and latent stages of syphilis with equal or higher sensitivity & specificity in comparison to non-treponemal tests. The objective of the present study was to analyse the level of concordance between treponemal and non-treponemal tests for donor screening and to correlate them with donor history.Materials and methodsRetrospective analysis of syphilis screening by treponemal (Chemiluminescence & TPHA) and non-treponemal tests (RPR) was done and donor history for high-risk behaviour and factors associated with false positivity were collected from post-donation counselling and collected data was coded and analysed.ResultsAmongst the 12,000 donors screened, reactivity rate by RPR, TPHA and Chemiluminescence was 0.45%, 0.8% and 1.17% respectively. There was discordance of 62% and 32% for reactive results by RPR and TPHA respectively when compared with Chemiluminescence. History of high-risk behaviour was present in ∼ 50% and 15% of donors with discordant results by RPR and TPHA respectively. Of 34 donors who were reactive only by Chemiluminescence and were followed up, 15% had history of high-risk behaviour and 56% had factors associated with false reactivity.ConclusionTreponemal tests showed high syphilis reactivity amongst blood donors as compared to non-treponemal tests most likely due to their ability to detect early, late and latent syphilis cases. This may confer added transfusion safety in centres dependent on replacement donors without NAT testing by identifying donors with high-risk history with negligible increase in discard rate due to false reactivity.     

Photoablation of meningiomas and neurinomas by Holmium Yag laser radiation

Abstract

Cranial rat bone was irradiated by 2.1 pm Holmium Yag laser radiation. Quantitative edge rates were calculated. Histologic sections were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Eighteen cases of hard fibrous or calcified spinal and cranial meningiomas and neurinomas were operated upon using pulsed laser beam, in rat cranial bone ablation rate ranged between 0.3-0.5 mm per pulse. Perifocal thermal damage was observed in a zone of20-90 pm around the lesion. In all human cases tumors could be removed totally without additional neurological deficit. In vivo heat development was measured by an i.r.-camera. [Neurol Res 1999; 21: 96–98]     

Impact de la modulation d’intensité dans l’irradiation des aires ganglionnaires du cancer du sein

Irradiation of node areas is still a complex challenge in external radiotherapy for breast cancer. Acceptable target coverage is always balanced by protection of organs at risk and patient morphology. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy increases the quality of dose distribution on the planning target volume, but modifies dramatically the irradiation coverage of critical structures in a different way compared to 3D treatment. In this paper we analyze this new technique in breast treatment with node regions, its expected gain and potential risks.     

ATTITUDES AND VALUES OF PERUVIAN COCA GROWERS*

This study uses semi-structured interviews to examine the attitudes and values of Peruvian coca growers toward coca leaf and cocaine basic paste (CBP) consumption and its distribution. The subjects of the study were 186 coca growers from Peruvian jungle valleys who are involved in illegal commercialization of coca leaf and cocaine paste production. Data collected in 1994 reveal that growers consider coca leaf to be a most profitable product and a unique opportunity to improve their quality of life. Although growers acknowledge that a problem exists among local users, they do not assume any responsibility for CBP consumption and dissemination in rural areas. This leads to the conclusion that awareness of a CBP consumption problem is not enough for growers to stop drug production; they need consistent training in social values, as well as support in legal and economic alternatives. [Translations are provided in the International Abstracts Section of this issue.]