云南、四川省有螺无病地区钉螺对日本血吸虫易感性研究(英文)

目的：为阐明大山区（云南和四川省）有钉螺而无日本血吸虫病流行地区（简称：有螺无病地区）钉螺在流行病学中的意义及为制定防治方案提供依据。方法：选择大山区４个有代表性有螺无病村的钉螺，以所在省的日本血吸虫毛蚴在实验室进行群体感染，钉螺与毛蚴比例分别为１∶４０和１∶９０。结果：４个有螺无病村的钉螺均能为日本血吸虫毛蚴感染，其中，四川省两个有螺无病村钉螺体内的日本血吸虫毛蚴可发育至尾蚴阶段。结论：云南、四川省有螺无病地区钉螺在适宜的环境和一定数量的传染源的条件下可以为所在省的血吸虫毛蚴感染，大山区有螺无病地区为潜在的日本血吸虫病流行区，应加强对这类地区日本血吸虫传染源输入的监测工作。     

女性吸毒人群人乳头瘤病毒感染情况调查及相关高危行为的分析

目的：调查女性吸毒人群人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的感染情况及相关高危行为对HPV感染的影响,为HPV防治提供理论依据。方法现场调查和检测525例女性吸毒人员的HPV感染情况,并采用自制调查问卷对所有研究对象的一般情况及相关危险因素进行调查。结果 HPV 感染与年龄、婚姻状况、静脉吸毒、共用针具无关（P＞0.05）;与婚外性行为、性伴侣个数、避孕套使用、初次性交年龄、性传播疾病（STD）病史、尿路感染有密切关系（P＜0.05）,发生婚外性行为、性伴侣个数≥2、未使用避孕套、初次性交年龄＜18岁、曾经STD疾病史、曾经尿路感染是HPV 感染的危险因素;HPV感染的前三位危险因素为STD病史、初次性交年龄、婚外性行为,OR值分别为7.436、4.831、2．952。结论吸毒人员的HPV感染率明显高于普通人群,并且伴有较多的感染HPV病毒的高危行为。     

Outcomes of high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia patients treated with arsenic trioxide (ATO)/all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) based induction and consolidation without maintenance phase: A case Series

Patients with high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have inferior outcomes compared with patients with low-risk APL, predominantly due to higher risk of early mortality related to hemorrhage. The majority of regimens contain prolonged maintenance, but the impact of this phase is not clear in the era of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). We present a retrospective analysis of 10 patients that were treated for high risk APL based on the consolidation treatment phase of APL 0406 study without subsequent maintenance. With a median follow up of 38 months, all patients remain in remission.     

我国农村长期护理保险制度的构建研究

农村作为我国经济社会发展的薄弱地区,理应在社会保障制度上给予更高的关注。长期护理保险制度能从生活照料和医疗护理方面保障老年人的晚年生活质量,化解我国农村老年人因失能、失智带来的社会风险。本文从分析农村长期护理保险制度开展的必要性出发,结合农村长期护理保险制度实施的困境,对长期护理保险制度在农村筹资、服务给付等几方面提出具体建议,旨在加快农村地区长期护理保险制度建设的征程。     

COVID-19疫情下医院服务区分布与隔离点设置方法的初步探讨

目的 从空间设施布局优化的角度探讨疫情下的医院服务区分布与基于服务区设置集中隔离点的方法。 方法 基于Huff模型描绘了上海市三级医院的服务区空间分布;以最大化覆盖率为目标,采用位置分配模型预测医院选址的优化布局,设置潜在的候选位置。 结果 在上海市可收治病例的三级医院中,中心地区医院密度高;城乡医院服务区空间分布差异明显,郊区医院的服务区面积大;优化配置布局的结果显示,可在松江区中心新增1家医院,在浦东新区中间区域增加适量医院。 结论 结合医院服务区分布,隔离点可以设置于各街道中与所属医院相近的位置,明确出现病例时各个隔离点对应送往的医院。优化布局建议在松江区和浦东新区增加三级医院。     

某地区6590例妇科门诊患者宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染情况及基因亚型分析

目的:探讨某地区6590例妇科就诊人群人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染状况及基因亚型的分布特征。方法:选取辽宁省人民医院妇科门诊患者6590例为研究对象,采用HPV-DNA核酸分子快速杂交法检测所有患者的HPV总体感染情况及基因分型。结果:6590例患者中,HPV阳性率为19.36%,其中高危型HPV占91.22%,低危型HPV占8.78%,患者发生多重感染276例,其中双重感染占76.45%;16~29岁患者阳性率(25.18%)最高,50~59岁患者阳性率(20.40%)次之,≥70岁患者阳性率(13.97%)最低。16~29岁患者多重感染率(6.72%)最高,其次为70~83岁患者(6.14%)。高危型感染率前5位依次为HPV16、52、58、53、39,低危型感染前3位为HPV81、11、6。结论:妇科门诊患者中HPV的感染率较高,并以高危型感染为主。定期进行HPV筛查,有利于预防及早期发现宫颈病变。     

Worksite Wellness for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Japan: The Current Delivery System and Future Directions

In the Japanese workplace, employers are required to provide annual health checkups for workers in accordance with the “Industrial Safety and Health Law,” which also mandates that an occupational physician be assigned to companies employing at least 50 workers. The annual medical examination includes testing for the early detection of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. This approach has successfully contributed to the extremely low incidence of coronary artery disease among Japanese workers. However, problems such as poor health and the low rate of participation in health checkups among small-scale companies still persist. Furthermore, although most wellness delivery systems in Japan employ strategies targeting high-risk individuals, instituting a strategy addressing the broader population irrespective of screening may be effective in reducing disease risk in the overall population. As a future direction, we should therefore develop practical methods for implementing a population strategy.     

Distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea

Most extant genus-level radiations in gymnosperms are of Oligocene age or younger, reflecting widespread extinction during climate cooling at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary [～23 million years ago (Ma)]. Recent biogeographic studies have revealed many instances of long-distance dispersal in gymnosperms as well as in angiosperms. Acting together, extinction and long-distance dispersal are likely to erase historical biogeographic signals. Notwithstanding this problem, we show that phylogenetic relationships in the gymnosperm family Cupressaceae (162 species, 32 genera) exhibit patterns expected from the Jurassic/Cretaceous breakup of Pangea. A phylogeny was generated for 122 representatives covering all genera, using up to 10,000 nucleotides of plastid, mitochondrial, and nuclear sequence per species. Relying on 16 fossil calibration points and three molecular dating methods, we show that Cupressaceae originated during the Triassic, when Pangea was intact. Vicariance between the two subfamilies, the Laurasian Cupressoideae and the Gondwanan Callitroideae, occurred around 153 Ma (124-183 Ma), when Gondwana and Laurasia were separating. Three further intercontinental disjunctions involving the Northern and Southern Hemisphere are coincidental with or immediately followed the breakup of Pangea.     

青海互助高海拔地区土族中学生牙周健康状况调查分析

目的:了解青海互助地区土族青少年人群的牙周健康状况,为今后高原地区少数民族口腔健康保健工作提供数据资料及科学依据。方法:选择双亲均为土族,本人在互助地区出生与生活,分为12、15、18岁3个年龄组的土族中学生1 136人为调查对象,对所有受检人员进行牙石指数(CI)、牙龈出血指数(BI)及牙周探诊深度(PD)检查,结果资料用系统软件SPSS13.0进行t检验、卡方检验等统计分析。结果:12岁组牙石、牙龈出血检出率分别为98.96%、97.92%;15岁组牙石、牙龈出血检出率分别为93.53%、93.13;18岁组牙石、牙龈出血检出率均为97.78%。结论:土族青少年人群牙周健康状况差,应在广大人群中广泛开展口腔卫生保健服务和口腔健康教育。     

南京郊区3～5岁儿童龋病流行情况及相关因素研究

目的调查南京郊区3～5岁儿童龋病的流行情况及相关因素。方法采用多阶段、随机抽样的方法抽取南京郊区384名3～5岁儿童,对其进行口腔检查并发放问卷,由家长填写后统一收回。对龋病相关因素调查结果采用χ2检验和Log-istic回归分析。结果南京郊区3～5岁儿童患龋率为60.68%,龋均及龋面均分别为2.70和4.08;年龄、甜食的喜好程度及母亲文化程度与儿童乳牙龋相关。结论南京郊区3～5岁儿童的患龋率较高,需开展早期预防工作。