抗氧化维生素对内皮细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的：　观察氧化低密度脂蛋白（ｏｘＬＤＬ）对内皮细胞增殖与凋亡的影响以及抗氧化维生素（维生素Ｅ、维生素Ｃ及β－胡萝卜素）对内皮细胞的防治效应。方法：　在体外培养的小牛主动脉内皮细胞中分别加入不同浓度的抗氧化维生素,作用１２ｈ 后,再与终浓度为０．１ｇ Ｐｒ／Ｌ的ｏｘＬＤＬ共同培养２４ｈ,采用噻唑蓝比色分析法和流式细胞仪分析法对贴壁内皮细胞进行检测,分别观察抗氧化维生素对经ｏｘＬＤＬ作用的内皮细胞的形态、生长增殖、细胞周期及凋亡的影响。结果：　（１）维生素Ｅ和维生素Ｃ能显著减轻ｏｘＬＤＬ对内皮细胞形态的损伤作用;β－胡萝卜素作用稍弱。（２）三种抗氧化维生素均可降低ｏｘＬＤＬ对内皮细胞生长增殖的抑制作用,使其抑制率降低。（３）三种抗氧化维生素均可促进内皮细胞由Ｇ１ 期进入ＤＮＡ合成的Ｓ期,促进内皮细胞的增殖并阻止内皮细胞凋亡的发生。结论：　维生素Ｅ、维生素Ｃ及β－胡萝卜素均可减轻ｏｘＬＤＬ在形态、增殖及凋亡等方面对内皮细胞的损伤作用,这可能是抗氧化维生素加速内皮细胞损伤后修复、促进内皮细胞增殖,从而发挥其抗动脉粥样硬化形成的部分机制。     

Modification of low density lipoprotein potentiates its inhibitory effect on catecholamine secretion in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and lipoprotein(a) suppress catecholamine secretion in cultured adrenal medullary cells. Modification of LDL by oxidation or acetylation potentiates various atherogenic actions of LDL. In the present study, we investigated whether the modification of LDL influences catecholamine secretion in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. The exposure of LDL to CuSO₄ caused a time-dependent oxidation of LDL. Maximal oxidation of LDL was observed after exposure to CuSO₄ for 24 h. Native LDL inhibited catecholamine secretion induced by carbachol to 68.5% of control. Oxidized LDL caused further inhibition of carbachol-evoked secretion to 37.6% of control. Acetylated LDL inhibited it to 41.0% of control. There was a good correlation between the extent of LDL oxidation and the inhibition of catecholamine secretion. These results suggest that oxidation or acetylation of LDL augments its inhibitory effect on the secretion of catecholamines. Since catecholamines are a risk factor of atherosclerosis, the inhibitory effect by such modified LDL may be a mechanism inhibiting atherosclerotic progression. Received: 29 January 1999 / Accepted: 19 April 1999 / Published online: 22 June 1999     

The possible role of TNF-α and IL-2 in inducing tumor-associated metabolic alterations

This study was conducted to investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in inducing cancer cachexia, and the results were compared with those obtained from our previous study on Fisher 344 rats with methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma. Three groups of male Fisher 344 rats received one of the following regimens: 4×10⁴ IU of human recombinant TNF- per rat per day subcutaneously (sc) for 5 consecutive days (n=5), 3.5×10⁵ U human recombinant IL-2 per rat per day sc for 14 consecutive days (n=5), or normal saline (n=5). The activities of both phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and malic enzyme (ME) were increased slightly in the IL-2 group. Furthermore, LPL activity was significantly increased in the adipose tissue of the TNF group and in the cardiac muscle of the IL-2 group, but not in that of the TNF group. These results show that there is a significant difference between the metabolic alterations seen in the tumor-bearing state and those induced by either TNF- or IL-2 alone. Thus, it is unlikely that IL-2 or TNF- is the sole mediator of cancer cachexia in this tumor and rat model.     

Polyclonal 111In-IgG, 125I-LDL and 125I-endothelin-1 accumulation in experimental arterial wall injury

To test iodine-125 labelled low-density lipoprotein (¹²⁵I-LDL), polyclonal indium-111 labelled immunoglobulin G (¹¹¹In-IgG) and iodine-125 labelled endothelin-1 uptake in metabolically active atheromatous plaques after arterial wall injury, we performed balloon de-endothelialization of carotid arteries or abdominal aortas in 24 New Zealand male rabbits which were fed with a normal diet (n=14) or a hypercholesterolaemic diet (n=10) after surgery. Six weeks later the animals were injected with 200 Ci of (¹²⁵I-LDL), and/or with 100 Ci of ¹¹¹In-IgG or with 9 Ci of ¹²⁵I-endothelin-1. Forty-eight hours later the animals were sacrificed. Carotid arteries and aortas were removed, counted and fixed for autoradiography and light microscopy examination. Contralateral carotid arteries and thoracic aortas served as controls.Significant ¹¹¹In-IgG uptake was observed in the injured arteries at autoradiography, with localization mainly in the healing edges, and at well counting. The percentage of the injected dose per gram (%D.inj/g) was 0.0188±0.06 versus 0.0059±0.003 in controls (P< 0.05). There was no difference in ¹¹¹In-IgG uptake between arteries with injury alone and those with active atheroma formation at the site of the injury. Significant (¹²⁵I-LDL), uptake was observed only when lipid deposition was present at light microscopy (%D.inj/g of 0.0024±0.0005 vs 0.0010±0.0003 in controls, P < 0.05). ¹²⁵I-endothelin-1 accumulation was observed in four of five injured aortas both at autoradiography, with diffuse localization, and at well counting (%D.inj/g of 0.0012±0.0004 in the abdominal aortas vs 0.0008±0.0003 in the thoracic aortas).Polyclonal IgG may accumulate in injured arteries without active atheroma formation. Inflammatory reaction at the site of the injury may cause ¹¹¹In-IgG uptake independently of atheromatous plaque formation. LDL accumulation takes place only with active atheroma formation at the site of the injury. Use of labelled peptides such as endothelin-1 may provide further insight into the mechanisms of atheromatous plaque formation.     

Lack of accumulation of midazolam in plasma and lipoprotein fractions during intravenous lipid infusions in patients on artificial respiration

Summary Severely ill patients often require total parenteral nutrition including intravenous liqid emulsions concurrently administered with lipophilic drugs. Therefore we investigated whether therapeutic application of a mixed medium chain/long chain triglyceride infusion affects the disposition of midazolam necessary for sedation in patients on artificial respiration. The concentrations of midazolam were measured in unfractionated plasma, and in lipoprotein fractions isolated from ex vivo blood samples, including determination of triglycerides and cholesterol; the albumin level was also analysed.Midazolam in the VLDL fraction was only 0.246 g·ml^–1, whereas the total plasma concentration averaged 1.101 g·ml^–1, and the midazolam content of the LDL plus HDL fractions amounted to 1.771 g·ml^–1. Albumin in these lipoprotein fractions was just as unequally distributed. A lipid infusion resulted in a significant elevation of total triglycerides from 157 to 221 mg·dl^–1 and VLDL-triglycerides from 77 to 155 mg·dl^–1. The triglyceride content of the LDL plus HDL fraction rose from 102 to 139 mg·dl^–1. At the same time the midazolam concentration in unfractionated plasma and in the VLDL and the LDL + HDL fractions decreased to 0.899 g·ml^–1, 0.130 g·ml^–1, and 1.265 g·ml^–1, respectively. Cholesterol and albumin concentrations were not affected.The data show for the first time that a significant increase in plasma triglycerides during an intravenous lipid infusion does not result in accumulation of midazolam in lipoproteins, probably because albumin binding of the drug is very strong. The lack of midazolam trapping is important with respect to the safety of concurrent use of lipophilic drugs and intravenous lipid infusions.     

尿甘氨酰脯氨酸二肽氨基肽酶与高血压血清脂质的关系

目的探讨尿甘氨酰脯氨酸二肽氨基肽酶(GPDA)与高血压病患者血清脂质变化的关系。方法检测130例高血压病患者,98名正常人(为对照组)的尿GPDA和血清脂质的水平。结果高血压病患者尿GPDA明显高于正常对照组(P<0.001)。尿GPDA升高的高血压病患者血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(TC/HDL-C)、LDL-C/HDL-C比值、载脂蛋白B(apoB)、脂蛋白(a)犤Lp(a)犦水平均高于尿GPDA正常的高血压病患者组和正常人对照组,而HDL-C、载脂蛋白A1(apoA1)、apoA1/apoB比值则均低于尿GPDA正常的高血压病患者组和正常人对照组。结论高血压病患者尿GPDA水平可能反映其脂质代射水平。     

血清脂蛋白谱的检测

在整体观和平衡观的基础上 ,创立双梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法 ,应用于同步分离血清脂蛋白及其亚组分和检测血清脂蛋白谱 (SLPG)。SLPG较理想地表达了血清脂蛋白动态平衡的状态 ,是中西医结合认识血脂代谢的新指标。     

国产与进口阿托伐他汀治疗高脂血症的比较

目的:比较国产与进口阿托代他汀治疗高脂血症的疗效。方法:选择原发性高脂血症患者76例,随机分为国产阿托伐他汀(10mg·d~(-1))组和进口阿托伐他汀(10mg·d~(-1))组各38例,均治疗8周。结果:2组治疗4周时总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均开始显著下降(P<0.01),治疗8周高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)开始显著上升(P<0.05),但2组间比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05);不良反应发生率国产组10.5％,进口组7.9％,2组差别无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论:国产阿托伐他汀与进口阿托伐他汀均有明显的调脂效果,两者使用均较安全。     

新型调脂药ezetimibe--胆固醇吸收的选择性抑制剂

传统的树脂类、贝特类等药物因为不良反应大，降低胆固醇效果差而不易被病人接受。他汀类药物降低胆固醇效果好，但某些病人单用他汀类药物不能有效降低体内胆固醇水平。因此本文介绍了新近在美国上市的ezetimibe，一种新型胆固醇吸收的选择性抑制剂，在单用或与他汀类药物联用时，都能稳定降低血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平，为临床治疗高脂血症提供了新的选择。     

妊高征患者脂蛋白酯酶基因变异(Ser447-Thr)的研究

目的　研究妊高征患者体内脂蛋白酯酶 (LPL)的一个基因变异 (Ser4 4 7-Thr)的发生率 ,探讨该基因改变与妊高征发病的关系。方法　测定 5 4例重度妊高征患者与 4 8例健康孕妇对照组的血脂水平 ,并提取其外周血白细胞中的DNA ,通过PCR扩增LPL第 9外显子 ,利用限制性内切酶片段长度多态法及DNA测序分析结果。结果　重度妊高征组的TG、VLDL和Apo -Ⅱ水平明显高于对照组 ,重度妊高征组和对照组的Ser4 4 7-Thr等位基因变异频率 (分别为 9 2 6 %和 5 2 1 % )无显著差异 (χ2 =1 2 2 ,P >0 0 5 )。结论　LPL第 9外显子的Ser4 4 7-Thr等位基因变异可能只是一种基因多态性 ,而与妊高征的发生无关联