松解及眼轮匝肌下脂肪垫转移充填矫正重睑术后睑粘连畸形

目的矫正重睑成形术后的上睑粘连、重睑较宽、眼睑上抬受限等畸形。方法另设计重睑线,彻底松解眼睑内的组织粘连,释放眶隔内脂肪及转移眼轮匝肌下脂肪垫充填。结果两年来为32例重睑成形术后畸形者用此法治疗得到满意效果。结论此方法简单易行,效果好。     

急进高海拔大鼠肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的对比性研究

目的：探讨急进高海拔地区机体对低压、低氧环境的适应机制；方法：将海拔10m处的平原大鼠快速带至海拔2261m，再带入海拔3800m处，用放射免疫法测定大鼠血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮的浓度；结果：随海拔递增①大鼠肾素及血管紧张素Ⅱ含量呈上升趋势，醛固酮浓度逐渐下降，统计学处理有显著性差异；②急进高海拔地区，醛固酮对血管紧张素Ⅱ的反应钝化，使醛固酮处于低水平状态；结论：上述结果提示：急进高海拔，机体对水、电解质的调节会发生变化，这些变化有利于急性高原适应。     

HPCE法测定蛹虫草及其培养物中核苷类化合物的含量

目的　建立蛹虫草中核苷类化合物的高效毛细管电泳测定法 ,比较天然蛹虫草及其培养物中核苷类化合物的含量。方法　在HV - 30 1高效毛细管电泳仪上进行定量分析 ,采用石英毛细管柱 ,以pH9.0的 4 0mmol·L-1 硼砂溶液作为电极缓冲液 ;分离电压为 1 6KV ;检测波长为 2 5 4nm。结果　天然蛹虫草中核苷类化合物主要集中在子座部分。人工培养蛹虫草子座和菌丝中虫草素的含量分别是天然蛹虫草子座中的 5 .0 4倍和 1 0 .85倍 ;液体培养蛹虫草菌丝中腺嘌呤、腺苷、尿苷、鸟苷含量均高于固体培养蛹虫草子座。结论　天然蛹虫草及其培养物中核苷类化合物的种类和含量具有较大的差异。高效毛细管电泳法可以用于蛹虫草的定量分析 ,具有分离度高、简便、准确 ,样品消耗少等特点     

Diet and premenopausal bilateral breast cancer: A case-control study

We investigated associations between diet and premenopausal bilateral breast cancer in a familial matched case-control study. We studied 140 cases from population-based registries in Los Angeles County (California) and Connecticut, and from the major hospitals in the southern parts of the Province of Quebec. Unaffected sisters of the cases served as matched controls (222 total). Dietary intake were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Total fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, oleic acid, and linoleic acid intake was inversely associated with premenopausal bilateral breast cancer risk. Consumption of carbohydrates (and sweetened beverages) was associated with an increased risk. We observed no associations for dietary fiber, antioxidants, or major food groupings, but we did observe inverse associations for intake of low fat dairy products and tofu. These findings suggest that monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, as well as soy foods, might reduce the risk of premenopausal bilateral breast cancer.     

Changes in temporal gait characteristics and pressure distribution for bare feet versus various heel heights

The purpose of this study was to identify changes in temporal gait characteristics and pressure generation across the sole of the foot due to various heel heights in women's dress pumps. Thirty female subjects, aged 18-30 years, volunteered to participate. Subjects were required to have normal gait and to wear comfortably either size 7 or size 9 shoes. Subjects were tested initially in bare feet using electrodynography (Langer Biomechanics Group, 21 East Industry Court, Deer Park, NY 11729-9986) (EDG) at a cadence of ~100 steps/min set by metronome. EDG trials with 4 pairs of shoes were then performed in random order. Shoes were women's dress pumps identical except for heel height. Heel heights were 1.75, 3.12, 5.72 and 8.74 cm. Data were collected over ~ 30 steps and averaged over this period. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, and changes were only considered significant if the ANOVA identified significant variations bilaterally. Considering temporal gait variables, we concluded that: (1) stance phase was shortened in shoes vs. bare feet but was unaffected by heel height, (2) the percentage of stance spent in weight bearing on the lateral and medial calcaneus decreased above a 3.12 cm heel height, (3) the percentage of stance spent in weight bearing on the first and second metatarsal heads increased in shoes vs. bare feet but was unaffected by heel height, (4) the percentage of stance spent in weight bearing on the fifth metatarsal was less in the 8.74 cm heel than in any other shoe or in bare feet. With regard to pressure variables, we found that: (1) peak pressure under the fifth metatarsal head was inversely related to heel height, (2) pressure under the third metatarsal head peaked earliest in heels greater than 5.72 cm high, and (3) pressure under the medial calcaneus peaked latest in heels greater than 5.72 cm high.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Reduced breast cancer mortality among fishermen's wives in Norway

International comparisons show that populations having a high consumption of fish experience low incidence of breast cancer. We compared death rates from breast cancer among socioeconomic groups in a prospective study of 533,276 Norwegian women aged 35–54 years who were followed from 1970 through 1985. Compared with the reference group (wives of unskilled workers) the fishermen's wives had a decreased risk of breast cancer with a relative risk (RR) of 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.47–0.94) adjusted for age and the number of children. Among fishermen's wives who were parous, adjustment for age at first birth gave an RR of 0.62 (CI=0.43–0.91). This study supports the hypothesis that certain aspects of diet, i. e., fish consumption, may be associated with lower breast-cancer mortality.Drs Lund and Bønaa are with the Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. Address correspondence to Dr Lund, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.     

Site selection for fat autotransplantation: Some observations

The use of autologous fat for implantation has recently received renewed attention in the plastic surgery literature. Autologous fat reportedly has been used for the treatment of wrinkles and Romberg's disease, and for buttock and breast augmentation. While some measure of success has been achieved, many surgeons report that substantial resorption of fat tissue occurs at the site of implantation. There is lack of unanimity regarding the ideal site for extraction or injection in order to minimize fat resorption. Adipose tissue samples were taken from women undergoing surgical procedures on the abdomen, gluteal-femoral region, and breast. Facial adipose tissue samples from men and women were also analyzed. Adipocytes were isolated chemically and sized microscopically. Activity of the lipogenic enzyme adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (ATLPL) was measured in frozen samples. Results suggest that femoral site samples are somewhat larger (NS) and have greater lipogenic activity (p<0.03) than other sites. In our study, small facial samples had very low or unmeasurable levels of ATLPL activity. Perhaps cell size and lipogenic activity should be considered when selecting tissues for autotransplantation.     

他汀类药物早期干预对急性冠脉综合征患者血脂、高敏C反应蛋白和纤维蛋白原的影响

目的 比较他汀类药物和阿司匹林联合用药与单用阿司匹林对急性冠脉综合征患者血脂、高敏C反应蛋白及纤维蛋白原的影响。方法 所有患者均在急性冠脉综合征发病后72h内开始接受药物治疗，他汀组(40例)应用他汀类药物加阿司匹林治疗8周，对照组(16例)单用阿司匹林治疗，观察两组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高敏C反应蛋白和纤维蛋白原水平的变化。结果 治疗8周后，他汀组各指标显著降低，面对照组仅高敏C反应蛋白水平显著下降。他汀类药物降低高敏C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原的程度与其降脂作用无关。结论 他汀类药物与阿司匹林联合用药降低高敏C反应蛋白和纤维蛋白原的作用可能优于单用阿司匹林，并与其抗炎作用有关。     

The role of low fat diets in the management of gall-bladder disease

This paper presents the results obtained from 87 questionnaires completed by dietitians about the dietary management of gall-biadder disease. Of the patients referred to the dietitians, 86% were referred by surgeons. Of the dietitians that responded 77% thought that there was a role for low fat diets in the management of these patients; 92% would advise a low fat diet to help avoid pain, and 11% would advise a low fat diet to patients with gall-bladder disease who did not have pain, steatorrhoea or obesity.
The paper reviews the available evidence concerning the effect of dietary fat on the gall-bladder; it is concluded that, at present, there is little data to support the therapeutic use of a low fat diet for individuals with gall-stones.