Role of liver resection in the management of multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Various treatment modalities have been applied to HCC depending on the tumor load, functional capacity of the liver and the general condition of the patient. According to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging strategy and The American Association for the Study of Liver Disease guidelines, surgical resection is not advocated in the tretment of multinodular HCC. Despite this, many recent clinical studies show that, resection can achieve good results in patients with multinodular HCC and 5-year survival rate around 40% can be reached. If resection or transplantation is not performed, these patients are usually managed with palliative procedures such as transarterial chemoembolization, radioembolization and cytotoxic chemotherapy and 5-year survival of this group of patients will be extremely low. Although survival rates are lower and complications may be increased in this group of patients, liver resection can safely be performed in selected patients in experienced centers for the management of multinodular HCC.     

肝癌治疗的“消灭与改造并举”策略

<正>百年抗癌战(包括肝癌治疗)的目标是消灭肿瘤,虽取得进展,但距攻克癌症尚远。癌症的早诊早治(也主要是消灭肿瘤)虽大幅提高了疗效,但要进一步提高就十分困难。为此,光消灭不够,还要改造。2011年笔者出版了《消灭与改造并举–院士抗癌新视点》的高级科普书,正是为此目的而写。以下是此书提出的六个要点,下面打算结合文献和笔者单位研究的结果,作简单论述,供大家参考。1提倡消灭与改造并举,以补充斩尽杀绝的     

原发性肝癌患者微波消融治疗后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的：观察原发性肝癌患者微波消融治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。方法152例原发性肝癌患者在微波消融治疗前1d、治疗后1 w和4 w,以流式细胞术检测患者外周血CD4＋和CD8＋淋巴细胞数量,采用全自动生化免疫分析仪检测甲胎蛋白水平。术后1 m进行肝脏CT增强扫描观察。结果在微波消融治疗后1 w和4 w,患者外周血CD4＋T淋巴细胞上升至（26.5±3.8）%和（32.3±5.1）%,CD4＋/CD8＋比值上升至（1.12±0.43）和（1.51±0.40）,而CD8＋T淋巴细胞下降至（47.2±7.7）%和（28.1±7.3）%,与治疗前1d时基线水平[CD4＋、CD8＋和CD4＋/CD8＋分别为（21.4±4.1）%、（58.6±7.8）%和（0.98±0.45）]比,变化有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）;甲胎蛋白水平由基线水平[（1109±727） ng/ml]下降,术后1w和4w分别为（890±681） ng/ml 和（215±18） ng/ml（P〈0.01）;微波消融后1m行增强CT检查,示病灶完全灭活率为97.4%（148/152）。结论微波消融治疗使原发性肝癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群向CD4＋T淋巴细胞优势转变,可能对治疗效果的取得发挥了作用。     

PNPLA3对肝细胞和肝癌细胞脂质代谢的影响*

PNPLA3基因在人类和哺乳动物体内都有表达,并且在肝癌细胞中也有表达。PNPLA3在人体和小鼠体内突变后可导致肝细胞内甘油三酯的蓄积,肝细胞发生脂肪变性。在人类和大鼠肝癌细胞使突变型PNPLA3过表达,与过表达野生型PNPLA3细胞比,也会导致肝癌细胞脂质的聚集。本文将归纳总结以往关于PNPLA3基因对肝细胞和肝癌细胞脂质代谢的影响,并分别讨论了PNPLA3对人类肝细胞和肝癌细胞、大鼠和小鼠肝细胞及其肝癌细胞的影响。     

应用重组人血小板生成素减少肝硬化患者术前血小板输注疗效初步研究*

目的 以输注血小板改善肝硬化并发血小板减少症患者出血风险的疗效不确切,且可能导致潜在的并发症。本研究的目的是探讨应用重组人血小板生成素注射液(rhTPO)能否减少肝硬化患者术前输注血小板。方法 2017年1月～2019年4月在西京医院消化内科住院并进行手术治疗的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者40例和肝细胞癌患者36例,均需行食管静脉曲张套扎和/或胃底静脉曲张组织胶注射术或经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗。术前给予rhTPO 15000U皮下注射,1次/d,连续应用10 d。结果 在76例患者中,血小板计数为40～50×10⁹/L组23例,血小板计数<40×10⁹/L组53例;两组患者在治疗第8 d时,外周血血小板计数较基线明显升高【>50×10⁹/L,分别为(76.0±26.6)×10⁹/L和(54.4±24.3)×10⁹/L]。在治疗第12 d,两组外周血血小板计数达到高峰[分别为(95±34.8)×10⁹/L和(67.9±25.1)×10⁹/L],在治疗后第30 d,血小板计数降至基线水平;应用rhTPO治疗后,保证了手术的顺利进行,对血凝功能无明显影响,两组未观察到门静脉血栓形成。结论 rhTPO可作为肝硬化并发血小板减少症患者术前血小板输注的替代疗法,能降低术中出血风险,且安全,值得临床进一步验证。     

实时超声造影和融合影像导航下微波消融与手术治疗小肝癌患者疗效比较*

目的 研究实时超声造影和融合影像导航技术下微波消融与手术治疗小肝癌患者的疗效。方法 2013年12月～2016年12月我院收治的142例原发性肝癌患者被随机分为两组,每组71例。对观察组患者实施实时超声造影和融合影像导航下微波消融治疗,给予对照组实施外科手术切除治疗。采用酶速率法测定血清α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)水平,采用ELISA法测定血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平,采用免疫放射法测定血清糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)水平。结果 在术后3个月,观察组肿瘤完全消融率为93.8%,对照组完全切除率达100.0%(P>0.05);两组血清AFP、AFU和CA19-9水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后,观察组肺部感染、胆漏、皮肤切口感染、腹腔或胸腔积液等并发症发生率为4.2%,显著低于对照组的25.3%(P＜0.05);随访3～36个月(中位随访18个月),观察组累积生存率为73.2%(52/71),对照组为71.8%(51/71),两组差异无统计学意义(Log-rank值=0.086,P=0.763)。结论 在实时超声造影联合融合影像导航技术支持下行微波消融治疗小肝癌患者,疗效与手术切除相当,但并发症更少,值得临床积极开展和验证。     

Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) affects the proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 hepatoma carcinoma cells via the β-catenin/C-myc signaling pathway

Introduction and objectivesResearch in the last few years has proven that inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) suppresses the migration and invasion of hepatoma carcinoma cells. This study aims to explore the effect of fatty acid synthase knockdown on the apoptosis and proliferation of HepG2 cells.Materials and methodsThe human liver cancer cell line HepG2 was cultured and then transfected with FASN-specific siRNA and negative control RNAi. After 48 h, cells and protein lysates were used for western blotting, CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) assays, flow cytometry and other tests. To assess cell apoptosis, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were detected; to assess proliferation, CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinases 4) and P21 were detected; and to determine the signaling pathway involved, β-catenin and C-myc were also detected.ResultsInhibition of FASN in HepG2 cells can decrease proliferation and promote apoptosis. Flow cytometry and CCK-8 assays demonstrated that the apoptosis rate of FASN-specific siRNA-transfected cells was significantly increased compared to that of the control cells (p < 0.01). In addition, the cell cycle analysis revealed that FASN-specific siRNA-transfected cells induced G1 phase arrest (p < 0.05), but an increasing trend in G2 (p < 0.05).Compared with expression in negative RNAi-transfected cells, the expression of Bcl-2 and CDK-4 was reduced and the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and P21 was increased in FASN-specific siRNA-transfected cells (p < 0.05). Regarding the signaling pathway, the expression of β-catenin and C-myc was significantly reduced when compared to that in negative control cells (p < 0.05).ConclusionsInhibition of FASN suppressed the cell survival of HepG2 cells by inhibiting the β-catenin/C-myc pathway. This result suggests the potential treatment value of FASN for hepatoma carcinoma (HCC).     

腹腔镜肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌患者应用氢吗啡酮联合纳布啡静脉自控镇痛控制疼痛作用研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜肝切除术(LH)治疗原发性肝癌(PLC)患者应用氢吗啡酮联合纳布啡静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)控制疼痛的效果。方法 2018年1月～2021年1月我院收治的PLC患者104例,随机分为对照组52例和观察组52例,两组患者均接受LH手术,在对照组,给予舒芬太尼联合纳布啡用于术后PCIA,而在观察组给予氢吗啡酮联合纳布啡用于术后PICA。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价术后疼痛程度,使用流式细胞仪检测外周血T细胞亚群CD3⁺细胞、CD4⁺细胞、CD8⁺细胞和NK细胞百分比。结果 在术后24 h,观察组静态VAS和动态VAS分别为(2.5±0.8)分和(3.7±1.2)分,显著低于对照组【分别为(4.3±1.2)分和(5.8±1.7),P<0.05】,在术后72 h,静态VAS和动态VAS分别为(1.1±0.4)分和(3.2±0.9)分,显著低于对照组【分别为(2.6±0.7)分和(5.1±1.3),P<0.05】;术后,两组肝功能指标变化无显著性差异(P>0.05);在术后7 d,观察组外周血...     

MRI与4DCT联合指导勾画原发性肝癌患者放疗靶区初步研究

目的 探讨磁共振成像(MRI)与四维计算机断层扫描(4DCT)图像联合用于原发性肝癌(PLC)患者首次放疗靶区勾画的价值。方法 2019年5月～2021年5月我院收治的56例PLC患者,在放射治疗前,分别行MRI和4DCT检查,将获得的图像上传至工作站,在自动配准结束后以Reg Reveal和Reg Refine行配准和图像质量评估,锁定局部感兴趣区。比较配准前后4DCT不同时相图像中的肿瘤靶区体积、大体内靶区体积,观察T2加权像(MR-T2)图像与4DCT图像配准精度。结果 在4DCT配准后,CT₀₀、CT₁₀、CT₂₀、CT₃₀、CT₄₀、CT₅₀、CT₆₀、CT₇₀、CT₈₀和CT₉₀肿瘤靶区体积分别为(389.8±52.5)cm³、(393.4±59.7)cm³、(390.7±50.3)cm³、(...