Human resources and access to maternal health care.

The lack of human resources is one of the main bottlenecks to achieving the Millennium Development Goals on maternal and child health. A coherent national policy, recognized across government, needs to be in place to overcome this especially in countries severely affected by HIV/AIDS. Such a policy should cover selection of pre-service students, the qualifications of trainers and training sites, supportive supervision, career path development, a package of carefully thought-out incentives for the retention of staff, strategies for interaction with communities, and an agreed-upon health staff HIV/AIDS policy. Without such coherent human resource planning, a large number of countries will fail to reduce maternal and newborn mortality.     

农村试点卫生村住宅卫生现状的研究

目的：了解已建成的卫生村住宅卫生现状，为制定《卫生村建设与验收技术规范》提供依据。方法：采用问卷调查与现场测量、测定的方法。结果：被调查的卫生村一般卫生状况基本符合卫生要求，但村内公用基础卫生设施不足。居民宅基地户均面积166．61m^2人均43．17m^2建筑面积户均165．08m^2，人均42．92m^2，使用面积户均136．23m^2,人均35．50m^2。居民居住房间配置基本合理。居室内气温达标率较低，但水平温差和垂直温差符合卫生要求。气湿达标，气流基本符合卫生要求。结论：卫生村住宅卫生现状基本符合卫生学要求，需进一步加强对卫生村规划与建设技术指导。     

曲靖市某磷酸盐厂"三废"中的氟对周围人群健康的影响

目的了解曲靖市某磷酸盐厂排出“三废”中的氟对周围人群影响情况。方法当地疾病控制与监督部门于1998年对该厂周围的虹桥、耿屯、望城、螃蟹坡4个村人群进行随机抽样调查。结果尿氟>3 mg/L检出率分别为1.72%、23.44%、33.33%,16.13%。发现低年龄组患氟斑牙比较严重,4个村检出率分别为45.16%、64.52%、72.73%、81.25%,而高年龄组患氟骨症比较明显。结论有关部门必须加强对该厂废气排放的管理。     

亟待重视和解决卫生监督的主体法律地位问题

从现行卫生监督体系中的主体现状看,仍然延续着卫生监督主体与监督机构相分离、卫生监督主体职权与监督机构职能不协调的状态,不仅存在卫生监督合法性与公正性的缺陷,也与卫生监督的权责统一及效率原则相悖,不利于卫生监督工作的开展以及卫生监督目的的实现。要进一步完善我国的卫生监督体系,亟待重视和解决卫生监督的主体法律地位问题。     

Social class, income, education, area of residence and psychological distress: does social class have an independent effect on psychological distress in Antalya, Turkey?

  Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the separate effects of social class, income, education and area of residence on psychological distress. The study also assesses whether the association between prevalence of high score on the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 12) and social class is independent of other variables. Method: Psychological distress was assessed by means of the GHQ 12. The study covered 1092 adults aged 15 years or more living in two different quarters of Antalya. Social class status was defined by occupational position, with income, education and area of residence treated as confounders. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the data. Results: Large inequalities in psychological distress by all variables were observed. Psychological distress was significantly associated with class status, after adjusting for income, education, area of residence and other potential confounders (age, sex and marital status). Class inequalities in psychological distress were observed between blue-collar workers/unqualified employees and bourgeoisie. Conclusions: These findings support the view that the recent widening of inequalities among social classes in Turkey pose a substantial threat to health. Accepted: 5 November 1999     

Clean Spaces,Community Building,and Urban Stage: the Coproduction of Health and Parks in Low-Income Neighborhoods

Green zones are potential contributors to health by mitigating disparities between low- and high-income neighborhoods. Against the background of different discourses about city parks—parks as restorative environments, parks as enabling places, and parks as sites for encounters between strangers—we ethnographically studied the coproduction of green spaces and health within low-income neighborhoods. We found three competing notions of urban green, each tied to different notions of neighborhood well-being. Parks as “clean spaces” create expectations of order and peace; parks as places of the community are related to play and activities; and parks as urban stage foster interactions between strangers. By generating experiences that encompass different conceptions of health, citizen-led events can contribute to a shift in the understanding of parks as sites of neighborhood decline to parks as places of hope and new beginnings.     

丙泊酚治疗难治性癫痫持续状态的临床研究进展

难治性癫痫持续状态是一种严重的内科急症,具有很高的死亡率,临床治疗非常棘手。近年来,越来越多的临床研究和病例报告显示,丙泊酚（又名异丙酚）对难治性癫痫持续状态有较好的疗效,但治疗过程中也有发生严重并发症的危险。本文综述了近年来丙泊酚治疗难治性癫痫持续状态的临床研究进展及其可能的作用机制。