角膜碱烧伤中PMNs与MMP-9的关系

目的：研究角膜碱烧伤后基质损伤修复病程中多形核中性白细胞(PMNs)的浸润和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达的关系。

方法：建立25只家兔角膜碱烧伤模型,分别于伤后3、7、14、21、28d随机处死5只兔,裂隙灯下观察角膜病理修复情况,摘除角膜做病理切片,测定PMNs的浸润量值。免疫组化法测定MMP-9的表达。

结果：PMNs和MMP-9在角膜碱烧伤后的3d开始升高,14d上升达到最大峰值,之后逐渐降低,碱烧伤后角膜基质在第14d溃疡面积及深度最为严重。

结论：角膜碱烧伤病灶中PMNs和MMP-9的量值呈正相关,且角膜的病理损伤与PMNs的浸润和MMP-9的表达密切相关。     

Inaugural Christianson Syndrome Association conference: families meeting for the first time

Christianson syndrome (CS) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by deleterious mutations in SLC9A6. Affected families organized the inaugural Christianson Syndrome Association conference to advance CS knowledge and develop questions that may be prioritized in future research.     

胸廓内动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣联合放射治疗女性胸部瘢痕疙瘩

目的探讨胸廓内动脉穿支（internal mammary artery perforator，IMAP）螺旋桨皮瓣修复结合术后放射治疗女性患者胸部瘢痕疙瘩的疗效。方法2015 年 1 月—2016 年 12 月，收治 15 例胸部瘢痕疙瘩女性患者。年龄 28～75 岁，平均 45.2 岁。患者瘢痕疙瘩病史 1～28 年，中位时间 6 年。病因：毛囊炎致继发性瘢痕疙瘩 7 例，心脏手术后 4 例，皮肤擦刮伤 2 例，蚊虫叮咬 1 例，原因不明 1 列。瘢痕疙瘩范围为 5 cm×3 cm～17 cm×6 cm。采用 IMAP 螺旋桨皮瓣修复胸部瘢痕疙瘩切除后创面，皮瓣切取范围 7 cm×5 cm～14 cm×8 cm；供区均直接缝合。术后均行放射治疗。结果术后所有 IMAP 螺旋桨皮瓣均成活良好，供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合。15 例患者均获随访，随访时间 12～24 个月，平均 16 个月。无毛细血管扩张或切口裂开发生，随访期间未见放射相关的癌变。患者对术后乳房外形、对称性均较满意。13 例（86.7%）瘢痕疙瘩区域痒痛症状缓解，供受区瘢痕未见明显增生复发；2 例复发（13.3%），继续给予保守治疗。结论采用 IMAP 螺旋桨皮瓣修复女性患者胸壁瘢痕疙瘩切除后创面，可更好地保留乳房外形；联合术后早期放射治疗可有效降低瘢痕疙瘩复发率，效果满意。     

锁定接骨板弹性内固定治疗股骨远端骨折

目的探讨锁定接骨板弹性内固定治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效。方法2015 年 1 月—2016 年 6 月，采用锁定接骨板弹性内固定治疗股骨远端骨折 21 例。男 5 例，女 16 例；年龄 32～88 岁，平均 62 岁。摔伤 14 例，交通事故伤 5 例，高处坠落伤 2 例。左侧 13 例，右侧 8 例。闭合性骨折 20 例，开放性骨折 1 例。骨折根据 AO/OTA 分型：33-A1 型 5 例，33-A2 型 3 例，33-A3 型 8 例，33-C2 型 2 例，33-C3 型 3 例。受伤至手术时间 3～13 d，平均 6.5 d。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。18 例患者获随访，随访时间 12～24 个月，平均 16 个月。X 线片复查示骨折均愈合，愈合时间 8～24 周，平均 16.6 周；关节面恢复平整，下肢长度恢复。随访期间无螺钉松动、钢板断裂，无膝关节内外翻畸形，未出现明显膝关节僵硬。术后 6、12 个月间疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；其余各时间点间比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后 3、6、12 个月膝关节活动度较 1 个月时明显增大，比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；3、6、12 个月间比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。各时间点间 Neer 评分比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；术后 12 个月，按 Neer 评分标准评定膝关节功能，获优 12 例、良 6 例。 结论锁定接骨板弹性内固定治疗股骨远端骨折临床效果良好，是治疗该类型骨折的有效方法之一。     

Genotoxicity studies of glycidol fatty acid ester (glycidol linoleate) and glycidol

Glycidol fatty acid esters (GEs) are found in refined edible oils. Safety concerns have been alleged due to the possible release of glycidol (G), an animal carcinogen.     

Role of cytokines in anti-implantation activity of H2 receptor blockers in albino wistar rats

In this study, the negative effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) on the immune system and body weight gain of rats and the preventive effects of curcumin were examined. For this purpose, 3–4 months old 128 Wistar albino rats with 280?–?310?g body weights were used. The 2?μg/kg dose of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 100?mg/kg dose of curcumin were dissolved in corn oil and orally given to the rats found in the experimental and control groups. Then, the serum samples were taken from all rats at 15, 30, 45 and 60^th days to analyzed for the determination of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-13 levels by ELISA method. The data of body weight gain was measured at 15, 30, 45 and 60^th days. The results indicated that 2,3,7,8,3,7,8-TCDD caused to increase significantly (p?<?0.05) in serum TNF-α levels. However, it caused significantly (p?<?0.05) decreases in the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-13 in rats. On contrary, curcumin increased IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-13 levels, but decreased TNF-α level in rats. Additionally, TCDD caused significantly (P?<?0.01) reductions in the body weight gain. However curcumin reversed this effect of TCDD.

In conclusion, 2,3,7,8-TCDD significantly suppressed the humoral immunity and body weight gain in rats at doses of 2?μg/kg. However curcumin, which was found in some plants, eliminated the effect of TCDD on immune system and body weight when it was given together with 2,3,7,8-TCDD. It is thought that this effect may have occurred via curcumin and TCDD were binding aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) competitively.     

Novel GHB-derived natural products from European mistletoe (Viscum album)

Abstract

Context: The European white-berry mistletoe [Viscum album L. (Loranthaceae)] is among the oldest known medicinal plants. At present the most important application of mistletoe extracts is in the treatment of cancer. However, natural products specific to mistletoe have rarely been encountered in the current literature.

Objective: To discover novel natural products specific to European mistletoe.

Materials and methods: European mistletoe was extracted with methanol, purified to partition against diethyl ether and further purified with XAD-7 column chromatography. Pure compounds were separated by Sephadex column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structures of the novel compounds were established using a combination of several 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry.

Results: A new type of natural product derived from the methyl ester of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) coupled to hydroxybenzoic acids, namely 3-(3′-carbomethoxypropyl) gallic acid and 3-(3′-carbomethoxypropyl)-7→3″-protocatechoyl galloate were characterized from European white-berry mistletoe. Condensation of the 3-hydroxyl of gallic acid with the 4-hydroxyl of GHB significantly reduced the radical scavenging properties of the former compound.

Discussion and conclusion: The characterized compounds define a novel group of natural products that may be of particular interest because it appears that the two new compounds are not closely related to any known natural product.     

The Selective Phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) Inhibitor PF-04447943 Attenuates a Scopolamine-Induced Deficit in a Novel Rodent Attention Task

Abstract: Numerous changes occur during aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, including a decline in cholinergic functioning and cognition, as well as alterations in gene expression and activity in the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) pathway. Donepezil, the current standard of care for Alzheimer's disease, improves cholinergic functioning and has demonstrated effects on multiple domains of cognition, including memory and attention in both preclinical species and patients. We previously found that increasing activation of the NO/cGMP pathway via phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) inhibition also improves memory in rodents and suggested that PDE9 might be a promising target for novel treatments for AD. Here we investigated whether PDE9 inhibition also enhances attention using a novel attention task in rats. We validated this task using several pharmacological manipulations and showed that the selective PDE9 inhibitor PF-04447943 produced effects similar to those of donepezil. These data confirm and extend the hypothesis that PDE9 inhibition might serve as a novel treatment for AD and age-related cognitive decline.