磁共振弥散加权成像诊断移植肾急性排异的应用研究

目的:评估磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)对肾脏移植术后移植肾急性排异诊断的应用价值.方法:选取首次行肾脏移植手术的患者69名,根据临床表现及病理穿刺结果,将患者分为排异组(ADCr,n=26例)和正常功能组(ADCn,n=43例).正常功能组在术后2～3周进行磁共振扫描,排异组在肾移植术后1个月内且肾脏穿刺活检前后5日内进行磁共振扫描.测量移植肾在不同扩散敏感梯度系数(b值=200、400、600、800、1 000 s/mm~2)时的的ADC值.两组数据比较采用t检验分析.结果:在不同b值取值时,排异组ADC值均较正常功能组有明显降低(P≤0.05).不同b值下的ROC曲线显示,当b取800 s/mm~2时,DWI诊断肾移植后急性排异的敏感度和特异度最高.结论:DWI可无创性早期诊断移植肾急性排异.     

白介素-6在慢性移植物抗宿主病中的作用研究

目的探讨血浆白介素-6(IL-6)水平在慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)中的作用。方法采用ELISA方法对27例异基因骨髓移植后发生cGVHD的患者治疗前、中、后及17例无并发症移植患者和18例健康者血浆IL-6水平进行测定并比较。结果cGVHD患者与未发生cGVHD患者和健康者血浆IL-6阳性率间差别有显著性意义(P<0.05);cGVHD患者治疗前、中、后血浆IL-6水平间差别有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论血浆IL-6水平与cGVHD有关,血浆IL-6水平在患者发病开始时就升高,其水平反映cGVHD病情严重程度。     

不同镇痛方式对烧伤植皮患者术后血浆炎症因子水平的影响

目的:观察双氯芬酸钠组与盐酸哌替啶对烧伤植皮患者术后血浆炎症因子水平的影响.方法:临床纳入烧伤植皮患者70例,根据术后镇痛药物的不同分为研究组与对照组.研究组给予双氯芬酸钠,对照组给予盐酸哌替啶.采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)对两组患者镇痛前后进行疼痛评分.观察两组患者镇痛前后血浆白细胞介素-6、8(IL-6、IL-8)以及肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的水平以及两组患者镇痛期间不良反应发生情况.结果:镇痛前,两组患者疼痛VAS评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05).给药1、2、4h后,研究组疼痛VAS评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组给药后12 h IL-6、TNF-α水平明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);研究组给药后8、12、24 h IL-8水平明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).镇痛期间,研究组恶心呕吐以及嗜睡的发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:双氯芬酸钠组用于烧伤植皮患者术后镇痛,起效时间快,能够改善患者血浆炎症因子水平,值得推广.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病与肺损伤的关系

目的 分析研究异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后急性移植物抗宿主病(Agvhd)患者CT影像学特征和Agvhd诱导肺损伤的发病机制.方法 对47例Ⅱ～Ⅳ度Agvhd患者进行胸部CT检查及Agvhd发生时血清干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)测定,4例抗Agvhd治疗后肺损伤疗效不佳患者进行肺组织活检,生存期＞6个月的患者定期肺功能和CT检查.结果 47例患者在Agvhd后3 d内CT显示20例异常,其中17例疑诊为Agvhd诱导肺损伤(5例弥漫性间质渗出、7例弥漫性间质和肺泡渗出、5例弥漫性间质和部分小叶肺泡渗出);此外,9例患者有双侧胸腔和心包积液,4例伴心肌肥厚.血清IFN-γ和TNF-a水平在有肺损伤和无肺损伤患者分别为:(6.9±1.8)μg/L、(400±102)μg/L和(6.3±1.2)μg/L、(428±83)μg/,L,两者比较差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).肺组织病理显示组织结构破坏、上皮细胞损伤、间质纤维化和以T细胞或巨噬细胞为主的浸润.Agvhd治疗与肺损伤治疗有效率呈正相关(r=0.771,P=0.01).结论 肺是Agvhd作用的靶器官之一,T细胞、巨噬细胞和IFN-Γtnf-α与Agvhd造成肺损伤有关,Agvhd肺损伤可迁延为晚期非感染性肺损伤.     

Paclitaxel drug-coated balloon angioplasty for the treatment of failing arteriovenous fistulas: a single-center experience

Abstract

Objectives: To report our experience of angioplasty with Lutonix (Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc., Tempe, AZ) drug-coated balloon (DCB) for the treatment of failing arteriovenous fistulas (AVF).

Materials and methods: Retrospective, single-center analysis consisting of 14 patients treated with Lutonix paclitaxel DCBs in the period from July 2015 through April 2017. We analyzed technical success, clinical success, primary patency of the target lesion, primary patency of the dialysis circuit, and the rate of complications. Regular follow-up of AVF patency was realized by clinical examination and duplex ultrasonography. The Kaplan–Meier survival method was applied to determine the cumulative primary patency of the target lesion and the dialysis circuit.

Results: Technical success was 100% and clinical success 92.9%. There were no major or minor complications. Cumulative target lesion primary patency after DCB was 69.2% at 6 months and 31.6% at 12 months. Cumulative vascular circuit primary patency was 61.5% at 6 months and 31.6% at 12 months.

Conclusion: Compared to results reported in literature with plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA), Lutonix paclitaxel DCB angioplasty proved a short-term patency benefit in treatment of dialysis AVF stenosis.     

Prolonged Bone Marrow Failure With Monosomy 7 After Engraftment Failure Following Bone Marrow Transplantation

A patient with acute myelogenous leukemia developed prolonged bone marrow failure along with the monosomy 7 chromosome abnormality. The patient had undergone bone marrow transplantation with CD34+ selection following induction failure. However, she then suffered engraftment failure and long-term pancytopenia. Her white blood cell count gradually increased with supportive therapy including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and chromosomal analysis of bone marrow cells revealed an abnormal karyotype. Thirty months after the bone marrow transplantation we observed monosomy 7 together with the existing chromosomal abnormality in the patient's bone marrow cells. It has been reported that some patients with idiopathic and posthepatitis aplastic anemia develop clonal disorders such as myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myelogenous leukemia with monosomy 7. The findings in our case suggest that the appearance of monosomy 7 in patients with aplastic anemia may be caused by prolonged low-level hematopoiesis, with or without G-CSF stimulation.     

Chronic rejection after liver transplantation: Opening the Pandora’s box

Chronic rejection (CR) of liver allografts causes damage to intrahepatic vessels and bile ducts and may lead to graft failure after liver transplantation. Although its prevalence has declined steadily with the introduction of potent immunosuppressive therapy, CR still represents an important cause of graft injury, which might be irreversible, leading to graft loss requiring re-transplantation. To date, we still do not fully appreciate the mechanisms underlying this process. In addition to T cell-mediated CR, which was initially the only recognized type of CR, recently a new form of liver allograft CR, antibody-mediated CR, has been identified. This has indeed opened an era of thriving research and renewed interest in the field. Liver biopsy is needed for a definitive diagnosis of CR, but current research is aiming to identify new non-invasive tools for predicting patients at risk for CR after liver transplantation. Moreover, the minimization or withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy might influence the establishment of subclinical CR-related injury, which should not be disregarded. Therapies for CR may only be effective in the “early” phases, and a tailored management of the immunosuppression regimen is essential for preventing irreversible liver damage. Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and research on CR, focusing on early detection, identification of non-invasive biomarkers, immunosuppressive management, re-transplantation and future perspectives of CR.     

心肌肌钙蛋白I在心脏移植术后恢复及排斥反应中的意义

目的对19例心脏移植受体术后早期及定期行心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiactroponinI,cTnI)检测,探讨cTnI在心脏移植术后恢复及排斥反应中的作用。方法(1)对19例心脏移植受体术后1个月内每日行cTnI检测;(2)对存活的心脏移植受体每3个月或发现急性排斥反应时行cTnI检测。结果(1)19例心脏移植术后1个月内恢复顺利的患者其心肌cTnI的下降速度均较快,心脏移植后8天内均下降至10μg/L以下,20天内降至正常,而死亡5例患者中早期死亡的3例其cTnI在术后10天后仍维持在较高水平;(2)14例存活的心脏移植受体定期复查cTnI均正常,其中4例心肌活检病理确诊为Ⅱ级以上急性排斥反应患者,不论出现急性排斥反应的级别高低,其cTnI均未见升高。结论cTnI对心脏移植早期恢复评定具有重要意义,而与急性排斥反应无明显相关性。     

Left internal mammary graft stenosis and restenosis following angioplasty and stenting

Coronary bypass grafts using the internal mammary artery usually have an excellent record of success and long term patency. We report a 42 year old man who initially presented with a history of atypical left sided chest pain, who had coronary artery bypass surgery for a severe stenosis in his proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and moderate stenosis of his proximal circumflex artery, with his LIMA being grafted to his mid-LAD and a saphenous venous graft to the proximal LAD. He subsequently developed multiple stenoses in the LIMA graft which required coronary augioplasty and stenting, on more than one occasion, in view of very rapid restenosis within the LIMA graft.


Keywords: graft patency; left internal mammary artery grafts; restenosis; stenosis     

Influence of foraminal enlargement on the apical extrusion of filling material: Volumetric analysis using micro‐computed tomography

The aim of this study was to compare the root canal instrumentation techniques that involve foraminal enlargement versus those not involving it, in regard to the apical extrusion of filling material, using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Twenty‐two premolars with single canals were instrumented using the ProTaper Universal System and then randomly divided into two groups (n = 11): Group NFE, without foraminal enlargement, and Group FE, with foraminal enlargement. Instrumentation was performed up to 1 mm short of the apical foramen, and foraminal patency was maintained at each instrument change in both groups. Prior to obturation, the apical portion of the specimens was wrapped in adhesive paper to ensure complete separation between apex and extruded material. The canals were filled according to the continuous wave of condensation technique. The apically extruded material was collected and measured using micro‐CT. Extrusion in Group FE was significantly higher than in Group NFE (0.928 mm³ vs. 0.148 mm³; P < 0.001).