国内埃博拉病毒研究最新动态

对国内埃博拉病毒诊疗检测产品的近期研究成果及相关专利进行总结归纳,旨在为埃博拉病毒检测试剂及治疗药物的进一步开发提供参考。     

Pretreatment with Lycopene Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in cell-based therapy to promote revascularization after peripheral or myocardial ischemia. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the senescence and apoptosis of MSCs, causing defective neovascularization. Here, we examined the effect of the natural antioxidant lycopene on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in MSCs. Although H₂O₂ (200 μM) increased intracellular ROS levels in human MSCs, lycopene (10 μM) pretreatment suppressed H₂O₂-induced ROS generation and increased survival. H₂O₂-induced ROS increased the levels of phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and p53, which were inhibited by lycopene pretreatment. Furthermore, lycopene pretreatment decreased the expression of cleaved poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and caspase-3 and increased the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), which were induced by H₂O₂ treatment. Moreover, lycopene significantly increased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression and decreased cellular ROS levels via the PI3K-Akt pathway. Our findings show that lycopene pretreatment prevents ischemic injury by suppressing apoptosis-associated signal pathway and enhancing anti-oxidant protein, suggesting that lycopene could be developed as a beneficial broad-spectrum agent for the successful MSC transplantation in ischemic diseases.     

发热患者中γ干扰素释放实验QuantiFERON-TBGold In Tube不确定结果及影响因素

目的:探讨发热患者中γ干扰素释放实验Quanti FERON-TB Gold In-Tube(QFT-GIT)不确定结果及影响因素。方法:选择感染科因发热收治入院的病例,统计患者一般状况、实验室检查包括γ干扰素释放实验QFT-GIT,血常规、血清白蛋白、补体、降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血清铁蛋白(SF)等炎症指标,并进行统计学分析。结果:215例患者中,QFT试验阳性83例,阴性66例,不确定结果 66例。QFT-QIT不确定组患者年龄、SF及LDH水平显著高于QFT确定组(P 0. 01或P 0. 05),淋巴细胞计数及血清白蛋白、补体C3、C4水平显著低于确定结果组(P 0. 01或P 0. 05)。多因素回归分析显示发热患者中出现QFT不确定结果的独立危险因素有低蛋白血症(OR=1. 156,95%CI 1. 028～1. 299)、淋巴细胞减少(OR=6. 009,95%CI 2. 147～16. 817)、高白细胞计数(OR=0. 800,95%CI 0. 680～0. 941)。结论:发热患者中QFT-GIT不确定结果出现比例较高,尤其是在低蛋白血症、低淋巴细胞血症及炎症反应强烈的患者。     

Basic studies on a labeled anti-mucin antibody detectable by infrared-fluorescence endoscopy

Background. We developed a fluorescent dye, indocyanine green (ICG)-sulfo-OSu, which was excited by infrared rays and conjugated to various antibodies. We attempted to clarify the staining patterns of anti-sulfomucin and anti-MUC1 antibodies in gastrointestinal cancer. We then evaluated the potential of the dye as a fluorescent label for antibodies specific to cancer, to be used as a diagnostic method for microcancer, with infrared fluorescence endoscopy. Methods. Paraffin sections of samples collected from 10 patients with esophageal cancer, 30 patients with gastric cancer, and 20 patients with colorectal cancer were immunohistologically stained using an anti-sulfomucin antibody and an anti-MUC1 antibody, and the staining patterns were examined. If a section had a high staining intensity, it was reacted with the ICG-suflo-OSu-labeled antibody and evaluated with infrared fluorescence imaging. Results. The staining patterns with the antibodies varied depending on the organs and the histological types and depth of the cancers, but the staining was generally good and the staining on the mucosal surface of cancer tissues was retained. Good images of cancer cells could be obtained by infrared fluorescence observation using the ICG-sulfo-OSu-labeled anti-MUC1 antibody. Conclusions. The anti-MUC1 antibody stained gastrointestinal cancer cells well, and nearly specific infrared fluorescence in cancer tissues was observed using the labeled anti-MUC1 antibody. The ICG-sulfo-OSu-labeled anti-MUC1 antibody has possible usefulness for the screening of cancer via infrared fluorescence endoscopy. Received: December 8, 2000 / Accepted: September 28, 2001     

氟试剂分光光度法测定生活饮用水中氟化物的不确定度评定

目的建立氟试剂分光光度法测定生活饮用水中氟化物的的不确定度评定方法,从而找出测定过程中的关键环节及主要影响因素,为有效地提高检测工作的质量提供依据。方法建立数学模型,应用测量不确定度评定方法[1],分析测定过程中不确定度的来源,计算各不确定分量,合成和扩展不确定度。结果不确定度的主要来源为工作曲线拟合引入的不确定度、标准溶液配制过程引入的不确定度以及样品重复测定引入的不确定度。生活饮用水中氟化物浓度测定值为1.03 mg/L,计算其扩展不确定度为0.018 mg/L。结论控制测定过程中的关键环节及主要影响因素,可有效降低测定过程中引入的测量不确定度,从而保证了测定结果的准确可靠。     

梅毒螺旋体感染四种血清学检测方法的临床评价

目的探讨四种梅毒血清学实验诊断方法的准确性及在临床的应用价值。方法应用甲苯胺红不加热血清学试验（TRUST）、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和胶体金法检测518例性病科患者血清,并用梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验（TPPA）确认。结果 TRUST法灵敏度为58.18%,ELI SA法为99.37%、胶体金法为99.06%;TRUST法特异度为88.5%,ELI SA法为98.50%、胶体金法为100%。结论梅毒检测方法各有优缺点,应根据检验目的合理选用不同的试验方法。     

某院生殖医学中心门诊超说明书用药调查分析

摘 要 目的：分析生殖医学中心门诊超说明书用药情况,为临床合理用药提供参考,并进一步规范临床超说明书用药行为。 方法: 采用回顾性调查法,抽取2018年1~12月生殖医学中心门诊处方中所有超说明书用药处方,根据药品说明书,对超说明书用药处方进行统计分析,查阅相关指南、文献等对其用药合理性进行分析评价。 结果: 超说明书用药类型包括超适应证用药、超剂量用药和超给药途径用药。黄体酮注射液、左卡尼汀口服液、雌二醇/雌二醇地屈孕酮片等均有相关国内外指南推荐,循证医学证据级别较高,其超说明书用药较合理;羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液、戊酸雌二醇片、辅酶Q10片等其有效等级有效性具有争议;硒酵母片、维生素E胶丸未见相关文献、指南、国内外权威医学专著等报道,属于经验用药。 结论: 某院生殖医学中心门诊超说明书用药的现象广泛存在,虽然多数有循证医学证据支持,但也存在不合理用药现象。医院应重视超说明书用药情况,并建立相关管理制度予以规范,临床医师应当谨慎用药,药师应当严谨审方发药,从而降低超说明书用药带来的执业风险,促进医院合理用药水平。     

Influence of chitosan coating on the oral bioavailability of gold nanoparticles in rats

Gold nanoparticles are one of the most extensively investigated metallic nanoparticles for several applications. It is less toxic than other metallic nanolattices. The exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity of gold make it possible to be administered as non-invasive radiofrequency irradiation therapy that produces sufficient heat to kill tumor cells. Nanoparticles are generally administered intravenously instead of orally due to negligible oral absorption and cellular uptake. This study evaluated the oral bioavailability of gold nanoparticles coated with chitosan (C-AuNPs), a natural mucoadhesive polymer. We employed traditional method of evaluating bioavailability that involve estimation of maximum concentrations and area under the curve of 3?nm chitosan coated gold nanoparticles (C-AuNPs) in the rat plasma following intravenous and oral administrations (0.8?mg and 8?mg/kg body weight respectively). The oral bioavailability of C-AuNPs was found to be 2.46% (approximately 25 folds higher than polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated gold nanoparticles, reported earlier). These findings suggest that chitosan coating could be better than PEG coating for the enhancement of oral bioavailability of nanoparticles.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of 99mTc(CO)3‐Labeled Peptides for Potential Use as Tumor Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals

During the past decade, several peptides containing Arg‐Gly‐Asp sequence have been conjugated with different chelating agents for labeling with various radionuclides for the diagnosis of tumor development. In this study, we report the synthesis of two tetrapeptides (Asp‐Gly‐Arg‐His and Asp‐Gly‐Arg‐Cys) and one hexapeptide [Asp‐Gly‐Arg‐D‐Tyr‐Lys‐His] by changing the amino acid sequence of the Arg‐Gly‐Asp motif. Peptide synthesis was initiated from aspartic acid. Aspartic acid placed at C‐terminal end of the peptide chain can be conjugated with different drug molecules facilitating their transport to the site of action. The peptides were synthesized in excellent yield and labeled using freshly prepared [^99mTc(CO)₃(H₂O)₃]⁺ intermediate. A complexation yield of over 97% was achieved under mild conditions even at low ligand concentrations of 10^?2 m . Radiolabeled peptides were characterized by HPLC and were found to be substantially stable in saline, in His solution as well as in rat serum and tissue (kidney, liver) homogenates. Internalization studies using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell line showed rapid and significant internalization (30–35% at 30 min of incubation attaining maximum value of about 40–60% after 2–4 h incubation). A good percentage of quick internalization was also observed in α_vβ₃‐receptor‐positive B16F10 mouse melanoma cell line (14–16% after 30 min of incubation and 25–30% after 2–4 h incubation). Imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in Swiss albino mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor in right thigh. Radiolabeled peptides exhibited fast blood clearance and rapid elimination through the urinary systems. ^99mTc(CO)₃‐tetra‐Pep2 exhibited remarkable localization at tumor site (1.15%, 1.17%, and 1.37% ID/g at 2, 4, and 6 h p.i., respectively) which could be due to slow clearance of the radiolabeled peptide from blood in comparison with the other two radiolabeled peptides. However, ^99mTc(CO)₃‐hexa‐Pep exhibited the highest tumor to muscle and tumor to blood ratios among the three. The preliminary results with these amino acid–based peptides are encouraging enough to carry out further experiments for targeting tumor.     

组织玻璃化冻存技术：优势与尚未完全解决的问题

文题释义：玻璃化冷冻保存：是利用这些高浓度的低温保护剂组合成玻璃化冻存液,通过与水分子发生强烈的水合作用,增加溶液黏性,降低冰晶形成速度,从而使细胞在快速降温或复温过程中得以保护。 玻璃化：对于非晶高分子,当高分子通过降温从高弹态转变为玻璃态,或者通过升温从玻璃态转变为高弹态的过程称之为玻璃化转变,发生玻璃化转变的温度叫玻璃化转变温度。对于结晶高分子,玻璃化转变是指其非晶部分所发生的由高弹态向玻璃态(或者玻璃态向高弹态)的转变。因此,玻璃化转变是高分子中普遍存在的现象。但是玻璃化转变现象并不局限于高分子,一些小分子化合物也存在玻璃化转变。 背景：玻璃化冷冻保存是一种应用前途广阔的低温冷冻方法,通过使用高浓度的玻璃化冻存试剂将生物材料进行玻璃态转变,从而实现活性保存。 目的：就玻璃化冻存的生物学原理及玻璃化冻存试剂的分类,卵巢、皮肤与角膜等医学组织标本的玻璃化冻存进行综述。 方法：以“tissue;vitrification;cryopreservation”为英文检索词;“组织;玻璃化;冷冻保存”为中文检索词,检索1994年1月至2019年10月 PubMed 数据库及万方医学网相关文献。按照纳入与排除标准筛选后,对最终纳入的45篇文献进行归纳总结。 结果与结论：玻璃化冻存可以防止细胞内外冰晶形成,避免了冰晶给细胞带来的多种损伤,有效保留了细胞的生物活性与基本功能。玻璃化冻存试剂主要分为渗透性和非渗透性2种,其操作简便、高效,唯一的缺点是高浓度的冻存试剂对细胞具有一定的毒性损伤。为了降低对组织整体损伤风险,可以混合使用多种低毒冻存试剂。目前玻璃化冻存技术已经成功应用于多种细胞,但组织冻存的技术难题尚未完全解决。 ORCID: 0000-0003-0140-9935(张源) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程