注射用三磷酸胞苷二钠有关物质检验方法的建立

目的:建立注射用三磷酸胞苷二钠(CTP-Na2)有关物质检验方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,以C18为填充柱,以含反相离子对试剂的磷酸盐缓冲液为流动相[0.02 mol·L^-1磷酸盐缓冲液-乙腈(90∶10)];流速:1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长:271 nm;柱温:35℃,采用校正因子计算有关物质。结果:CTP-Na 2在0.093~1.860 mg·mL^-1范围内,溶液的浓度与峰面积的线性关系良好,r=0.9997;平均回收率为99.6%(RSD=1.5%,n=9),CTP-Na2对照品溶液在25 h内的稳定性良好(RSD=0.7%);CTP-Na2及主要降解杂质二磷酸胞苷二钠(CDP-Na2)、单磷酸胞苷二钠(CMP-Na2)的方法定量限分别为4.1、2.1、2.8 ng,检出限分别为0.82、0.16、0.22 ng。结论:现行质量标准中有关物质项存在诸多问题,新建的检测方法操作简便、灵敏度高,可用于质量控制。     

Effects of Phonophoresis and Gold Nanoparticles in Experimental Model of Muscle Overuse: Role of Oxidative Stress

The aim of the study described here was to investigate the effects of pulsed ultrasound and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on behavioral, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in an experimental model of overuse. Wistar rats performed 21 d of exercise on a treadmill at different intensities and were exposed to ultrasound in the presence or absence of AuNPs. The overuse model promoted behavioral changes and increased creatine kinase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as the levels of superoxide, nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, carbonyl, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6. These values were significantly decreased by AuNPs and by AuNPs plus ultrasound. Catalase activity remained unchanged and the glutathione level increased significantly after exposure to AuNPs plus ultrasound. These results suggest a susceptibility to anxiety as well as elevated levels of oxidative stress. However, therapeutic interventions with AuNPs plus ultrasound reduced the production of oxidants and oxidative damage and improved the anti-oxidant defense system.     

国产和进口荧光定量PCR试剂检测HBV-DNA的比对分析

目的分析国产和进口实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)试剂检测乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)-DNA的相关性,探讨国产和进口试剂在临床应用中的差异。方法使用国产和进口试剂平行检测262例乙型肝炎(乙肝)患者血浆当中的HBV-DNA水平,国产试剂采用手工提取标本,罗氏LightCycler480Ⅱ(LC480Ⅱ)进行核酸扩增;进口试剂则采用罗氏COBAS AmpliPrep(CAP)和COBAS Taqman48(CTM)进行标本提取和扩增;对HBV-DNA病毒载量数据进行对数转换(log10),并将两组数据进行相关分析。结果国产和进口试剂检测结果,经线性拟合,R2=0.814 3。HBV-DNA浓度在10~103 IU/mL的标本,R2=0.300 6;浓度在104~105 IU/mL的标本,R2=0.411 8;浓度在106~108 IU/mL的标本,R2=0.801 7。进口试剂阳性检出率为75.57%(198/262),明显高于国产试剂阳性检出率[65.65%(172/262)]。结论国产试剂和进口试剂相比,相关性良好。HBV-DNA浓度在106~108IU/mL时,相关性最高;浓度在104~105 IU/mL时,相关性一般;浓度在10~103 IU/mL时相关性较差,国产试剂与进口试剂有明显差异,灵敏度有待进一步提高。     

Have traditional DMARDs had their day?

This review tries to answer the question of whether in the face of the recently introduced biologics conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) can still be recommended in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We start with an overview of the oldest conventional DMARD, injectable gold (Au), which was introduced in the treatment of RA in the 1920s. The effect of gold is directed at a number of different sites of the immune system. A significant improvement of clinical and biochemical disease activity parameters as well as an inhibition of X-ray progression has been shown in many studies. Head-to-head comparisons between gold and high-dose methotrexate (MTX) demonstrated no significant difference but some advantages for gold. Since trials comparing biologics with gold will never be performed, an indirect comparison was done by analyzing the results of trials with gold with those with biologics. Conclusions from such comparisons have to be drawn with caution especially since the methodology for performing trials has changed with time. We selected four trials with gold (two open, one placebo-controlled, and one comparison with MTX) and five trials with biologics (three placebo-controlled, one dose escalation study, and one comparison with MTX). In all these trials baseline data regarding swollen joint count (SJC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were roughly comparable and, with the exception of interleukin (IL)-1 RA, demonstrated a similar improvement of over 50% already after 6 months [with faster onset with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha blockade]. American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response data were not available for the older gold trials. European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria could be calculated for the Au/MTX trial and were—for these compounds—only slightly inferior to the results with adalimumab. X-ray response is especially difficult to compare across studies. Although an inhibition with Au and MTX could be demonstrated, this occurred—similar to corticosteroid treatment—earlier and more pronounced with TNF-alpha blockers. We confirm the statement of Weinblatt that the most modern DMARDs do not appear to be much better than the oldest one indicating that conventional DMARDs are not outdated. Therefore, a sufficient trial of conventional DMARDs should precede the introduction of treatment with the very expensive biologics.     

Biosynthesis of collagen I,II, RUNX2 and lubricin at different time points of chondrogenic differentiation in a 3D in vitro model of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue

The first aim of the study was to identify the most appropriate time for differentiation of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to chondrocytes, through the self-assembly process. For this purpose, the expression of some chondrocyte markers, such as collagen type I, collagen type II, RUNX2 and lubricin was investigated at different times (7, 14, 21 and 28 days) of chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The second aim of the study was to demonstrate that the expression of lubricin, such as the expression of collagen type II, could be a possible biomarker for the detection of chondrocytes well-being and viability in the natural self-assembling constructs, called ‘cell pellets’. Histology (hematoxylin and eosin) and histochemistry (alcian blue staining) methods were used to assess the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. The results showed that after 21 days the differentiated chondrocytes, when compared with MSCs cultured without chondrogenic medium (CD44, CD90 and CD105 positive; CD45, CD14 and CD34 negative), were able to produce significant quantities of collagen type I, collagen type II, and lubricin, suggesting hyaline cartilage formation. During the differentiation phase, the cells showed a reduced expression of RUNX2, a protein expressed by osteoblasts. Our studies demonstrated that 21 days is the optimum time for the implantation of chondrocytes differentiated from adipose tissue-derived MSCs. This information could be useful for the future development of cell-based repair therapies for degenerative diseases of articular cartilage.     

深圳市男男性行为者唾液和血液HIV快速检测比较

目的 分析深圳市男男性行为者（MSM）中唾液和血液HIV快速检测试剂结果,探讨唾液快速检测法在MSM人群HIV筛查的作用。方法 同时采集深圳市393名MSM人群的唾液和血液样本,使用HIV免疫印迹试剂盒作为参考试剂,比较唾液抗体检测试剂盒（胶体金法）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）1+2型抗体检测试剂盒（胶体硒法）两种快速检测试剂结果的符合性。结果 在393份MSM有效样本中,唾液检测试剂的真阳性为120例,假阳性为0例,真阴性为272例,假阴性为1例。血液快速法真阳性为121例,假阳性为3例,真阴性为269例,假阴性为0例。以HIV免疫印迹试剂盒检测结果为金标准,唾液检测试剂的灵敏度为99.2％,特异度为100.0％,假阳性率为0.0%,假阴性率为0.8%,准确度为99.8％。血液检测试剂的灵敏度为100.0%,特异度为98.9％,假阳性率为1.1%,假阴性率为0.0%,准确度为99.2％。Kappa检验分析显示唾液、血液快速检测法与HIV诊断结果存在一致性,Kappa值分别为0.994和0.982;McNemar配对卡方检验分析唾液和血液快速法的检测结果发现二者的差异无统计学意义（P=0.125）。结论 唾液与血液的筛查结果具有较好一致性,基于唾液检测安全无创、快速,该方法值得在高危人群HIV抗体自我筛查中推广使用。     

金纳米团簇诱导小鼠体内毒性的性别差异

目的 研究金纳米团簇诱导的小鼠体内毒性是否有性别差异.方法 首先制备谷胱甘肽保护的金纳米团簇(GSH-Au NCs)和牛血清白蛋白保护的金纳米团簇(BSA-Au NCs),然后将48只雌雄各半的昆明鼠随机分为对照组、GSH-Au NCs给药组和BSA-Au NCs给药组.给药组每只小鼠腹腔注射0.2 ml金纳米团簇,对照组注射等量生理盐水;28 d后通过免疫指数、血常规和生化指标来评价金纳米团簇诱导的体内毒性是否有性别差异.结果 2实验组的雌雄小鼠的红细胞和白细胞都有所改变.BSA-Au NCs组的雌性小鼠的胸腺指数有明显增加,其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).GSH-Au NCs组的雌性小鼠的谷草转氨酶有所升高,BSA-Au NCs组的雄性小鼠的谷丙转氨酶略有升高;2实验组小鼠的肌酐有明显变化,其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 BSA-Au NCs组的雌性小鼠受到的免疫反应更明显,2实验组的雌雄小鼠受到相似的感染及炎症,雌雄小鼠的肝脏都有所变化,但雌性小鼠比雄性小鼠的肾脏更易受到损害.     

Determination of the Movements of Impacted Upper Canines by X-Ray Photogrammetric Methods

Samples of gold soldered assemblies from three different dental casting gold alloys were subjected to various homogenizing heat treatments. The distribution of available alloy components in the region of the gold-solder junction was investigated using electron-probe micro-analysis. An extensive statistical treatment of the data was performed. Concentration differences between casting alloy and solder alloy were not levelled out to any great extent unless after prolonged heat treatment (3 hours) for one of the three alloys. However, this heat treatment caused grain growth and an increased amount of microporosities in the region of the joint. In the soldered assemblies from two of the three casting alloys microphases with a composition different from the original alloys appeared at the gold-solder junction after heat treatment. The results show that homogenizing heat treatment of gold soldered assemblies should not be performed as a routine.     

Simple questionnaire and urine reagent strips compared to microscopy for the diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium in a community in northern Ghana

Objectives To evaluate the utility of a simple questionnaire and urine reagent strip testing for the rapid diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium in rural northern Ghana. Methods Cross‐sectional parasitological and questionnaire survey in a community in northern Ghana. Participants provided two urine specimens that were examined under a microscope using a centrifugation method. The first urine sample was additionally subjected to reagent strip testing. A short questionnaire was administered to all participants. Results Microscopy of urine samples obtained from 208 individuals aged 1–77 years revealed an S. haematobium prevalence of 6.8%. The presence of any blood or protein on a urine reagent strip was 100% and 42% sensitive, and 93% and 80% specific for S. haematobium diagnosis. Questionnaires were completed by 198 individuals. Self‐reported haematuria showed a sensitivity of 53% and a specificity of 85%. A dichotomous two‐question panel was helpful in S. haematobium diagnosis, with working and playing near the river significantly associated with S. haematobium infection (P < 0.001). Conclusion The use of urine reagent strips, coupled with questions pertaining to water contact patterns, might be considered for point‐of‐contact diagnosis of S. haematobium where microscopy is unavailable.