煤浮选剂对Balb/c小鼠免疫毒性的初步评价

目的探讨煤浮选剂对Balb/c小鼠免疫系统功能的损害作用。方法选择清洁级雌性Balb/c小鼠,共48只,随机分为溶剂对照组(阴性对照组,灌胃大豆油)、低、中、高剂量煤浮选剂染毒组,每组12只,经口灌胃,染毒组灌胃剂量从低到高依次为100、300、1 000 mg/kg。连续染毒28 d。染毒期满,记录体重和肝、肾、脾脏、胸腺重,每只脾脏均留置1/2用作组织病理学检查,另1/2制备脾脏单细胞悬液,进行T、B淋巴细胞增殖试验和NK细胞活性测定。结果1 000 mg/kg组胸腺系数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),各组脾脏系数差异无统计学意义,但1 000和300 mg/kg组的脾脏在组织水平上表现出脾窦淤血改变。与对照组比较,1 000和300 mg/kg组的T淋巴细胞增殖活性降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);B淋巴细胞增殖活性升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。1 000和300 mg/kg组的NK细胞活性降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),中剂量组的NK细胞活性未观察到显著改变(P>0.05)。结论煤浮选剂对Balb/c小鼠具有免疫毒性作用。     

出入境体检常用血清学ELISA试剂内部对照的有效性与结果判定

文章分析了传染病监测体检项目常用血清学ELISA试剂内部对照的有效性与实验结果判定之间的关系,尤其是阳性对照、阴性对照及空白对照与实验结果之间的关系,提高了血清学检测的质量。     

一种快速检测甲型流感病毒的方法

目的 开发一种快速、简便的基于胶体金免疫层析法（GICA）的试剂盒，以用于对甲型流感病毒的检测。方法以柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒，标记抗甲型流感病毒内部抗原的单克隆抗体。硝酸纤维素膜上包被两种抗甲型流感病毒单克隆抗体的混合液，制成免疫层析试纸。待测样品中的甲型流感病毒首先与胶体金标记抗体结合，后移动至硝酸纤维素上与固定的单克隆抗体发生反应，形成肉眼可见的红色带。结果GICA试纸条与甲1型和甲3型流感病毒共16种毒株均能发生特异性反应，与乙型流感病毒、副流感病毒、腺病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒无交叉反应。用三种不同甲型流感病毒毒株的不同浓度标本与美国同类经过FDA批准的产品比较，灵敏度相同。结论GICA试纸条灵敏度能够达到临床使用的要求，并具有简便快速、无需特殊仪器设备等优点，对甲型流感的诊断和流行病学调查具有十分重要的应用价值。     

In vitro metabolism of a nitroderivative of acetylsalicylic acid (NCX4016) by rat liver: LC and LC-MS studies

The metabolism of a nitroderivative of acetylsalicylic acid, benzoic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-3-[(nitrooxy)methyl]phenyl ester (NCX4016), the lead compound of a new class of NO-releasing non steroidal-antiinflammatory drugs has been studied in vitro in rat liver subcellular fractions (S 9000xg, microsomes, cytosol). Samples were extracted with CH3CN (2 vol.) containing 1% H3PO4 (2 M), vortexed for 3 min and then centrifuged for 5 min at 5000 rpm. Supernatants were diluted with 0.02 M phosphoric acid and analysed by reverse-phase LC. Linearity of calibration for NCX4016 and metabolites was observed over the range 0.25-50 microg/ml with coefficients of determination greater than 0.9996. Extraction efficiency from spiked liver samples ranged from 85 to 95% for all the analytes. In the S 9000xg fraction, NCX4016 undergoes rapid metabolization, with the formation of salicylic acid (SA) and [3-(nitrooxymethyl)phenol] (HBN). HBN is then rapidly metabolised to 3-hydroxybenzylalcohol (HBA), and mainly to a new metabolic species, whose formation takes place specifically in the liver cell cytosol. LC-MS analysis (electrospray ionisation) of the cytosol extract in negative and positive-ion modes furnished deprotonated [M-H]- and protonated [M+H]+ molecular ions at m/z 412 and 414, respectively, accompanied by the typical clusters with sodium. MS/MS analysis in negative-ion mode, by selection and collision of the ion at m/z 412, gave a fragmentation pattern characterized by the ions at m/z 272 and 254, which allowed to assign the structure of 1-(glutathion-S-yl)methylene-3-hydroxy-benzene, a conjugated product between GSH and the benzyl carbon atom of HBN. In rat liver cytosol HBN is completely metabolised to this thioether adduct within 30 min incubation; the process is enzymatically mediated by GSH transferase and strictly dependent on GSH availability. The relevance of this new metabolic pathway in NCX4016 detoxification by rat liver is discussed.     

加速度计对成人日常体力活动测量效度的研究

目的　对加速度计(CSA)测量成年人日常体力活动的效度进行验证并提出根据 CSA数据预测能量消耗的方程。方法　选取 72 名北京市居民,年龄(43.6±4.0)岁,男性 33 名,女性 39名,作为调查对象,佩带7天CSA,在同一期间采用双标水方法(DLW) 测量能量消耗,包括平均每天总能量消耗(TEE)、平均每天体力活动能量消耗(AEE)和体力活动水平(PAL)作为验证标准。结果通过CSA测量的平均每天活动计数(AC)与TEE、AEE和PAL之间均呈显著相关,偏相关系数 r 分别为0.31、0.30、0.26(P<0.05)。逐步多元回归分析表明,影响TEE的因素包括去脂体重或体重指数、AC(R2=0.52~0.70),影响AEE的因素包括AC、性别和去脂体重(R2=0.25~0.32)。结论　CSA能准确测量中国成年人日常体力活动模式,AC可以解释TEE和AEE的变异。     

干化学试纸法与全自动生化分析仪酶法生化项目检测的比较分析

目的比较干化学试纸法与全自动生化分析仪酶法检测各项生化项目的相关性.方法对干化学试纸法和全自动生化分析仪酶法检测血糖、肌酐、尿素、a-淀粉酶的结果进行比较分析.结果干化学试纸法与全自动生化分析仪酶法各项血生化项目检测结果有高度正相关性(r＞0.975),无显著性差别(P＞0.05),且批内变异系数小于5%,精密度高.结论干化学试纸法具有准确、快速、重复性好、可用全血进行检测、无需定标及试纸易保存等优点,适用于临床实验诊断中心(检验科)急诊化验室急诊生化项目的检测.     

山区应用改良班氏试剂检测粪便还原糖的意义

目的为探讨改良班氏试剂测定粪便还原糖的意义。方法对112例感染性腹泻患儿同时应用改良班氏试剂法及Clintest Tabl。还原糖检测法检查粪便还原糖。结果两者相比差异无显著性。结论改良班氏试剂可以替代试纸法检测粪便还原糖。对粪便还原糖阳性者，采用去乳糖喂养，取得良好疗效。     

分光光度法测定黄根片中铝的含量

目的该文采用铝试剂—分光光度法测定黄根片中铝的含量。方法在醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲系(pH 6.2)中,铝-铝试剂生成红色配合物,在25℃,最大吸收波长为510 nm处测吸光度。结果此法线性范围0.004~0.032 mg/m l,r=0.998 5,平均回收率为96.97%,RSD为0.70%(n=5)。结论用该方法可测量中药中铝的含量,方法简便,灵敏度和准确度较高,结果满意。     

结核抗体检测试剂盒用血清标准品的制备及应用

目的 结核抗体检测试剂盒质量控制用血清标准品的制备及应用。方法 采集结核病患者和健康人血清，用ELISA法进行检测，制备血清标准品：包括10份检测结果为阳性的结核病患者血清、10份检测结果为阴性的健康人血清、1份检测结果为强阳性的结核病患者血清用健康人血清进行倍比稀释而成的5个稀释浓度；并对血清标准品进行稳定性试验；同时用本套血清标准品对不同厂家生产的结核抗体检测试剂盒以及同一厂家生产的不同批号的结核抗体检测试剂盒进行测定。结果 本血清标准品具有良好的稳定性;不同厂家生产的结核抗体检测试剂盒质量不均一，同一厂家生产的试剂盒质量也不均一。结论 本血清标准品可以用于结核抗体检测试剂盒的质量控制；各生产厂家要严格按照生产工艺的SOP进行生产，把好质量关。     

Number, origins, and chemical types of rat pallidostriatal projection neurons

The dorsal globus pallidus (GP) receives major inputs from the dorsal neostriatum (Str), the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the dorsal thalamus. The GP projects to multiple basal ganglia nuclei. One of the GP projection sites is the Str. The pallidostriatal projection has been considered minor. However, several recent studies have suggested that this projection is heavier than previously thought and that it might play a significant role in controlling the activity of the Str. To reveal more details of this projection, we examined the number of GP neurons that participated in the projection, their origins in the GP and their immunoreactivity for the calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV), by using a combination of Fluoro-Gold (FG) retrograde labeling and immunohistochemical methods. Immunostaining for the calcium binding protein calbindin-28K (CaBP) was used to identify the CaBP-poor sensorimotor and CaBP-rich associative Str regions and the corresponding CaBP-poor middle, CaBP-rich border, and the caudomedial GP regions. The CaBP-poor dorsolateral Str region occupies a small portion of the Str, whereas the CaBP-poor middle GP region occupies a large portion of the GP. The immunostaining for neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) was used to visualize neurons that were immunonegative for FG or PV. Cell counts revealed that the middle GP region contained a higher density of neurons and also a higher percentage of PV-positive neurons than the border and caudomedial regions of the GP. These observations suggested that the GP is involved more in sensorimotor function than associative function. Approximately 40% of neurons in the CaBP-poor middle GP region project to the CaBP-poor part of the dorsolateral Str. Approximately 30% of the neurons in both the CaBP-rich border and the caudomedial GP regions project to the CaBP-rich Str region. More than 40% of the pallidostriatal neurons in CaBP-poor middle GP region are PV-positive, whereas most of those in CaBP-rich GP regions are PV-negative. It was estimated from the cell count data that most of the PV-negative neurons in all three regions of the GP project to the Str. The results indicate that the sensorimotor and associative territories of the Str have reciprocal projections between corresponding territories of the GP. The involvement of a large number of GP neurons suggested that the pallidostriatal projection should be taken into account in the analysis of functional roles of the basal ganglia.