MRI and US of gluteal tendinopathy in greater trochanteric pain syndrome

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome is commonly due to gluteus minimus or medius injury rather than trochanteric bursitis. Gluteal tendinopathy most frequently occurs in late-middle aged females. In this pictorial review the pertinent MRI and US anatomy of the gluteal tendon insertions on the greater trochanter and the adjacent bursae are reviewed. The direct (peritendinitis, tendinosis, partial and complete tear) and indirect (bursal fluid, bony changes and fatty atrophy) MRI signs of gluteal tendon injury are illustrated. The key sonographic findings of gluteal tendinopathy are also discussed.     

Esophageal replacement in the neonatal period in infants with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula

Aim

The aim of the study was to assess the outcome after esophageal replacement using gastric pull-up performed in critically ill neonates with esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula.

Methods

During 1998 to 2005, gastric transposition was performed in 27 neonates (mean birth weight, 2.32 kg [1.86-3.0 kg]; mean age, 6.08 days) for post-EA and tracheoesophageal fistula leaks in 17, long gap in 6, and pure EA in 4, using transhiatal route in all. Pyloromyotomy as the drainage procedure was added for all 27 neonates. Patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months for clinical evaluation, gastric clearance, duodenogastric reflux, and gastric pressure profile.

Results

Six neonates had ongoing serious chest infection, 3 had lung collapse, and 2 had associated congenital heart disease. Postoperative elective ventilation was provided to all neonates for 2 to 40 days (mean, 10.6 days). Nine neonates developed postoperative leaks in the neck; all healed spontaneously before discharge. Mean hospital stay was 32.6 days (range, 9-87 days). Four newborns died on postoperative days 9, 13, 15, and 29 because of existing severe sepsis in 3 and major congenital heart disease in 1. Functional evaluations were done at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Values at 6 months revealed normal gastric emptying in 16 of 23, presence of duodenal gastric reflux in 11 of 23, and mass contractions with significant rise in intragastric pressure after bolus feeds in 16 of 23 cases. Values at 12months revealed normal gastric emptying in 14 of 20, presence of duodenal gastric reflux in 8 of 20, and mass contractions with significant rise in intragastric pressure after bolus feeds in 13 (65%) of 20cases.

Conclusion

Gastric transposition could be a lifesaving alternative to diversion, even in the critically ill newborns after major leaks. However, it requires technical surgical expertise and an effective pain relief and neonatal intensive care.     

非开胸胃代食管术治疗同时性下咽并胸段食管重复癌5例

目的探讨非开胸胃代食管术治疗同时性下咽并胸段食管重复癌的方法和疗效。方法对5例同时性下咽并胸段食管重复癌患者,均行非开胸食管内翻拔脱胃上徙术。喉功能保留3例,其中1例下咽后壁癌患者因胃上徙高度不够,采用前臂桡侧游离皮瓣修复下咽及颈段食管;全喉切除2例。结果5例吞咽功能全部恢复,无吞咽困难发生。1例发生咽瘘,经保守治疗痊愈。3例保留喉者均有不同程度呛咳症状。3例保留喉功能者术后全部拔管,发音质量良好。随访1～4年,1年生存率100%（5/5）,3年生存率60%（3/5）。结论提高对同时性下咽并胸段食管重复癌的认识,采用非开胸胃代食管术治疗,优越性为成功率高、并发症较少,是一个较理想的手术方法。     

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with ileal transposition (SGIT): A new surgical procedure as effective as gastric bypass for weight control in a porcine model

Introduction Bariatric surgery has evolved into multiple forms in the last decades, combining food restriction and malabsorption. The aim of this study was to develop a new technique based on food restriction and early stimulation of the distal gut, thus maintaining the alimentary tract continuity. Methods Thirty-two Yorkshire pigs, weight 22.2 ± 5.4 kg (mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to four laparoscopic procedures: ileal transposition (IT, n = 8); sleeve gastrectomy with ileal transposition (SGIT, n = 8); Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP, n = 8); sham operation (SHAM, n = 8). Firing 45-mm linear staplers over a 60-F bougie, resecting the greater curvature and fundus, constituted a sleeve gastrectomy. Ileal transposition was performed by isolating a 100-cm ileal segment proximal to the ileocecal valve and by dividing the proximal jejunum 15 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz and performing re-anastomosis. Gastric bypass consisted of creating a proximal gastric pouch and a 300 cm alimentary limb. Sham operation was performed by bowel transections and re-anastomosis in the ileum and proximal jejunum together with gastrotomy and closure. Animals were evaluated weekly for weight increase and food intake. We performed a logistic regression analysis to compare weight progression curves, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni (Dunn) tests to detect differences in weight and food intake. Results We observed significant differences in mean weight after 18 weeks between SGIT (30.9 ± 13.4 kg) and SHAM (72.5 ± 10.7 kg) (p = 0.0002), and GBP (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) and SHAM (p = 0.0001), and IT (56.1 ± 13.4 kg) and SHAM (p = 0.0081). No differences were observed between RYGB and SGIT. We also observed significant differences in food intake (grams per day) in the third month between SGIT (1668 ± 677 g) versus SHAM (3252 ± 476 g) (p = 0.0006), and GBP (2011 ± 565 g) versus SHAM (p = 0.039). No differences were observed in food intake between SGIT and GBP. Conclusion SGIT proved to be as effective in the short term as GBP on weight progression with no bypass of the proximal gut.     

Modified Mini-Abdominoplasty: Navel Transposition and Horizontal Residual Scar

The classic mini-abdominoplasty is a surgery generally indicated for cases in which cutaneous laxity of the abdomen's inferior region is associated with adiposity. However, in some cases, the characteristics of the abdomen are such that resort to a traditional mini-abdominoplasty would involve an unsatisfactory final result due to the unavoidable caudalization of the navel. In answer to this problem, Pontes developed the type 4 modified mini-abdominoplasty. This procedure adds to the classic technique a complete resection of the navel and its transposition so that it leaves a residual vertical scar. With our version of the technique, the scar is more aesthetic in shape and appearance, horizontal, and parallel to the suprapubic scar.     

臀肌化脓性感染的MRI诊断及其临床意义

目的探讨臀肌化脓性感染的MRI诊断及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析经手术或穿刺活检证实的12例臀肌化脓性感染的临床及MRI资料。结果12例罹患臀肌弥漫性肿大,病变顺肌肉长轴发展为主,累及臀肌全部或大部,基本征象为肌肉水肿、坏死及脓肿形成。8例亚急性或慢性感染出现纤维肉芽组织增生,不同病变MRI信号各具特点。5例表现为化脓性肌炎,炎性水肿较为广泛;7例形成典型肌肉脓肿,脓腔较大或以脓腔为主。5例化脓性肌炎应用抗生素治疗,7例肌肉脓肿行穿刺或切开引流术,均获治愈。结论MRI能够反映臀肌化脓性感染各个时期的病理特征及病变范围,并可正确诊断,对临床治疗具有重要指导意义。     

臀大肌肌内神经及肌梭分布

目的 通过对人臀大肌肌内神经分支分布、肌梭密度的研究,提供臀大肌比较详尽的解剖学资料.方法 取成人尸体12具,大体解剖后,6具用于改良Sihler肌内神经染色,另6具行HE染色. 结果 臀大肌受臀下神经支配,有上、中、下3个分支.肌内次级分支多达11 ～ 14支,沿肌束排列方向走行.臀大肌的肌梭密度平均为(14.91±3.05)个/cm3,肌梭指数为(14.12±4.34)个/g,臀大肌下部肌梭密度最高(25.38±6.25)个/cm3、(24.03±5.92)个/g. 结论 支配臀大肌的神经肌内次级分支多,沿肌束排列方向走行;人臀大肌下部的肌梭密度明显高于肌上部和肌中部.     

回肠转位术对自发性糖尿病大鼠肝脏脂代谢的影响及其意义

目的探讨回肠转位术(ileal transposition,IT)对自发性糖尿病(goto-kakizaki,GK)大鼠肝脏脂代谢的影响及意义。方法 20只GK大鼠按随机数字表法分为手术组与假手术组,每组10只。手术组行回肠转位术,假手术组行末端回肠离断后原位吻合术。分别于术前,术后1、2、4周动态检测2组大鼠血液中空腹血糖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)2 h血糖,于术前及术后4周测定大鼠血液中空腹胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like-peptide-1,GLP-1)、游离脂肪酸(free fatty acids,FFA)、胆固醇(total cholesterol,Tch)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG),于术中及术后第4周获取大鼠肝脏组织行免疫组化油红O染色,观察肝脏TG沉积情况并用图形图像处理器计算平均灰阶值。结果手术组术后空腹及OGTT2 h血糖值均呈明显的下降趋势,至术后第2、4周时其血糖值显著低于术前(P<0.05);假手术组手术前后空腹及OGTT2 h血糖值无显著变化(P>0.05)。术后第4周,手术组大鼠血液中GLP-1含量较术前显著增加(P<0.05),FFA较术前显著降低(P<0.05),TG及Tch手术前后无明显变化(P>0.05);假手术组此3个指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。手术组术后第4周肝脏组织切片内TG沉积现象明显比术前改善(P<0.05),假手术组变化不明显(P>0.05)。结论回肠转位术能显著降低GK大鼠的血糖,其可能机制是手术后通过改善肝脏脂质代谢,食物过早刺激末端回肠,引起GLP-1分泌的增加,使胰岛素抵抗得到缓解。     

Improved Systemic Saturation after Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in a Patient with Decompensated Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries after the Fontan Procedure

We report the successful implantation of a HeartMate II left ventricular assist device after a failed Fontan procedure in a patient with dextro-transposition of the great arteries. The patient had developed significant intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting. Despite the theoretical risk of worsening intrapulmonary shunting due to the decrease in systemic vascular resistance after device implantation, our patient did well. He was discharged from the hospital in stable condition and had better oxygen saturation than before the device was implanted. To our knowledge, ours is the 2nd report of the use of a ventricular assist device after the failure of a Fontan procedure, and the first report concerning the effect of ventricular assist device implantation on intrapulmonary shunting.