前列腺癌中抗凋零基因bcl－2表达产物的分布及意义

采用免疫组化方法观察６０例前列腺良、恶性病变中ｂｃｌ－２基因产物的表达与分布。正常前列腺组织（１０例）和前列腺增生症（２０例）阳性率分别为２０．０％和５０．０％；３０例前列腺癌中，ｂｃｌ－２阳性病例达８６．６７％。结果提示，ｂｃｌ－２在前列腺癌中的表达与细胞的分化程度有关，ｂｃｌ－２的过量表达可能参与了前列腺癌的发生过程。     

大肠黏膜癌变过程中PTEN和p27的表达及相关性研究

目的 :探讨PTEN及p2 7在大肠黏膜癌变过程中的表达及两者的相关性。方法 :采用免疫组织化学S -P法检测了 5 8例大肠癌 ,15例腺瘤性息肉及 11例配对的癌旁正常组织中抑癌基因PTEN和 p2 7的蛋白表达。分析PTEN和 p2 7的表达情况及与各种临床病理特征的关系及两者的相关性。结果 :在癌旁正常组织、大肠腺瘤性息肉、大肠癌组织中PTEN表达率分别为 (97.3± 4 .3) % ,(85 .2± 16 .8) % ,(13.8± 17.6 ) % ,呈递减趋势。大肠癌DukesA/B期组PTEN蛋白的高表达率为 88.9% ,明显高于DukesC/D期组中的 5 1.6 %。PTEN的高表达率与性别、年龄、肿瘤的大小、部位、分化程度、有无淋巴结转移无关。p2 7主要表达在细胞核 ,也有少量表达在细胞浆。在癌旁正常组织、大肠腺瘤性息肉、大肠癌组织中p2 7高表达率分别为 (98.8± 1.0 8) % ,(86 .0± 13.6 ) % ,(5 6 .8± 2 6 .0 ) % ,呈递减趋势。在大肠癌高、中分化组中 p2 7蛋白的表达率为 71.4 % ,明显高于低分化组中的 2 3.1%。p2 7的高表达率与患者的Dukes分期、性别、年龄、肿瘤的大小、部位及有无淋巴结转移无关。在大肠癌组织中 ,PTEN与 p2 7蛋白的表达呈正相关 (r =0 .6 4 2 )。结论 :PTEN及p2 7表达在癌旁正常组织、大肠腺瘤性息肉、大肠癌组织中均呈递减趋势 ,提示P     

凋亡相关基因突变与人类疾病

细胞凋亡 (又称细胞程序性死亡 )过程由多种不同基因产物的协同作用来完成。其中某些凋亡基因的突变 ,已被认定为人类疾病的病因或相关因素。作者综述了当前对凋亡基因突变所致人类疾病的认识 ,以及将凋亡的基础研究成果应用到临床疾病诊治的情况     

逆转录病毒载体介导的外源性主要组织相容性抗原复合体基因转移及其在T细胞的表达

目的 建立一个在胸腺内表达外源性主要组织相容性抗原复合体(MHC)抗原的实验模型,为下一步研究作准备。方法 应用逆转录病毒载体介导的基因转移技术,首次将外源性MHC基因转移到T淋巴表达并应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)及反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测转染T细胞DNA及mRNA。结果 外源性MHC基因已整合到靶细胞染色体DNA并有效地转录;单克隆抗体免疫荧光染色流式细胞仪检测显示在转染T细胞膜有外源性MHC分子表达;转染效率为46.2％。结论 外源性MHC基因可以转移到T细胞稳定表达,为今后的研究提供了经验。     

雌、孕激素对IL-6基因在子宫内膜表达的影响

为了进一步了解白介素－６（ＩＬ－６）在生殖过程中的作用，应用斑点杂交和原位杂交方法，研究ＩＬ－６在小鼠子宫内膜的基因表达和雌、孕激素对这种表达的影响。实验证明，正常动情前期子宫内膜间质细胞有ＩＬ－６ｃＲＮＡ基因表达，切除动物卵巢，即可消除这种表达。如给去卵巢动物２ｍｇ孕激素加１０ｎｇ雌激素或２０ｍｇ孕激素加１００ｎｇ雌激素，它们的光密度（ＩＯＤ）值分别可达到２．３和２．５。结果证明，子宫内膜间质细胞是产生细胞因子ＩＬ－６的主要细胞之一，并受卵巢激素的调控。     

Cellular distribution of the new growth factor Pleiotrophin (HB-GAM) mRNA in developing and adult rat tissues

Summary Pleiotrophin (PTN), also known as HBGAM, belongs to an emerging cytokine family unrelated to other growth factors. We report here the first comprehensive study using in situ hybridization on the cellular distribution of this new heparin-binding growth factor mRNA in rat tissues. PTN mRNA was developmentally expressed in many — but not all — neuroectodermal and mesodermal lineages, whilst no PTN mRNA was detected in endoderm, ectoderm and trophoblast. PTN mRNA was found in the nervous system throughout development, with a post-natal peak of expression. In the adult nervous system, significant expression persisted in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and in cortical neurons, but also in different non-neuronal cells types in various locations (olfactory nerve, cerebellar astrocytes, pituicytes, Schwann cells surrounding the neurons in sensory ganglia). PTN mRNA was also found during development in the mesenchyme of lung, gut, kidney and reproductive tract, in bone and cartilage progenitors, in dental pulp, in myoblasts, and in several other sites. Expression was differently regulated in each location, but usually faded around birth. In the adult, PTN mRNA was still present in the meninges, the iris, the Leydig cells of the testis and in the uterus. PTN mRNA was also strongly expressed in the basal layers of the tongue epithelium, which is the only epithelium and ectodermal derivative to express PTN mRNA, and this only after birth. PTN is known to be a growth factor for perinatal brain neurons and a mitogen for fibroblasts in vitro. Recently, trophic effects on epithelial cells and a role as a tumour growth factor have been reported. The mechanisms of regulation and the functions of PTN are however still uncertain. Its expression pattern during development suggests important roles in growth and differentiation. Moreover, the presence of PTN mRNA in several adult tissues and the up-regulation of PTN mRNA expression in the gravid uterus indicate that PTN also has physiological functions during adulthood.     

性激素对心钠素基因表达影响的实验研究

为研究雄激素和雌激素对心钠素基因表达的影响,给完整的、去势的雄性大鼠皮下注射丙酸睾丸酮或雌二醇,持续2周。用冷酚法提取心房总RNA,用α-~(32)P标记ANF—cD-NA探针,经RNA电泳转移杂交和斑点吸印杂交。结果表明去势后ANF—mRNA含量下降,睾丸酮和雌二醇均使ANF—mRNA增加,然而小剂量的睾丸酮、雌二醇对去势大鼠ANF基因表达作用还需进一步研究。     

Galanin gene expression declines with adulthood in the cholinergic fields of the horizontal diagonal band of male rats

The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) influences leaming and memory processes, perhaps by inhibiting cholinergic function. We recently reported that, in the rat, the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB) exhibits the highest level of GAL mRNA coexpression by basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons and, in the HDB, virtually all GAL mRNA-expressing neurons correspond to the cholinergic cell type. Since GAL gene expression is induced across puberty in many brain regions, we used in situ hybridization histochemistry and quantitative autoradiography to assess GAL gene expression across the rostro-caudal extent of the HDB in prepubertal and adult male rats and to determine whether GAL gene expression is also regulated during maturation in this BF region. Our results show that the number of GAL mRNA-expressing cells per section is significantly reduced in the HDB with adulthood. Post-hoc analysis indicated that these age-associated differences in the number of GAL mRNA-expressing cells per section could be ascribed to the rostral and central subregions of the HDB. Age-related differences in the labeling intensity of GAL mRNA-expressing neurons were also detected in the rostral and central subregions of the HDB. No age-associated differences in GAL gene expression were found in the caudal HDB subregion. These results suggest that: (1) in contrast to other brain regions, GAL gene expression in the cholinergic BF may be negatively regulated by factors concomitant with puberty; and (2) the inhibition of cholinergic function by cosecreted GAL may be enhanced prior to puberty within cholinergic neurons of the rostral and central aspects of the HDB.     

白血病抑制因子反义寡核苷酸对髓母细胞体外生长的抑制作用

为进一步认识白血病抑制因子（LIF）对人髓母细胞瘤生长的生物学作用，我们使用LIF反义寡核苷酸，在髓母细胞内特异性阻断LIF基因表达并观察它对靶细胞的生物学效应。结果发现，被处理细胞的LIF表达降低至RT／PCR检出的阈值之下，抗LIF的免疫组织化学染色亦呈阴性，同时，这些细胞的生长速度明显减缓。相反，用与反义寡核苷酸互补的正义序列处理的细胞无论在基因表达／产生，还是在生长速度方面，均和正常培养细胞的细胞相似，本研究从而提示了一条以LIF为对象的髓母细胞瘤以及其它LIF生长依赖性肿瘤的基因和免疫治疗途径。