Häufigkeit pathologischer Veränderungen des oberen Gastrointestinaltraktes bei Patienten vor Herzoperationen

Resümee Schwerwiegende gastroduodenale Erkrankungen sind bei fast der Hälfte aller Patienten, die sich einer Operation am offenen Herzen unterziehen müssen, auch bei Fehlen von Symptomen nachweisbar. Das erhebliche Überwiegen von Magenläsionen spricht dafür, daß die arteriosklerotisch bedingte Perfusionsminderung der Schleimhaut die entscheidende Ursache hierfür ist. Routinemäßige präoperative Ösophago-Gastro-Duodenoskopien können die nicht unerhebliche durch gastrointestinale Komplikationen bedingte postoperative Mortalität senken helfen.

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Pathological changes in the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients awaiting open heart surgery

Summary While waiting for open heart surgery, in 153 patients (104 male, 49 female, 22–76 years of age) without gastrointestinal symptoms and/or history esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy was performed. 124 patients suffered from coronary heart disease, 29 from valvular defect, aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva or tumor of the heart.In 47.1% endoscopy revealed serious abnormal findings: in 16.3% gastric ulcer, in 20.9% erosive gastritis, duodenal ulcer and erosive duodenitis in 5.2%, respectively, 1 case of gastric carcinoma, 2 of large polyps and 3 of reflux esophagitis of higher degree (totally 3.9%).In patients with coronary artery disease, the relation of erosive and ulcerous gastric lesions as compared with those of duodenal origin was 41, in patients with other cardiac diseases it was 21, respectively (p<0,001).Compared with a normal population, the incidence of pathological gastric findings was 54-fold higher in our patients, and 1.7-fold concerning duodenal lesions, respectively (p<0.001).51 patients on acethylsalicylic acid (160 mg/ die) showed pathologic findings in 41.2%, and 96 patients without ulcer-inducing therapy in 51%. Thus, low-dose Aspirin does not seem to have serious gastric side effects.The results of the study stress the necessity of routinely performed endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients awaiting open heart surgery. This will lead to a lower incidence of serious gastrointestinal complications postoperatively, which are known to have a high mortality.

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Abkürzungen ASS Azetylsalizylsäure - J. Jahre - GI-Trakt Gastrointestinaltrakt     

功能性消化不良患者血浆胃肠激素的变化

目的　探讨血浆胃肠激素水平变化在功能性消化不良 (FD)发病机制中的作用。方法　用放射免疫分析 (RIA)方法对 2 0例健康志愿者 (对照组 )及 32例功能性消化不良 (运动障碍型 ,FD组 )患者进行了空腹及脂餐后 6 0min血浆胃动素 (MTL)、血管活性肠肽 (VIP)、生长抑素 (SS)、胆囊收缩素 (CCK)水平测定。结果　FD组空腹及餐后MTL测定值均低于对照组 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;VIP测定值均高于对照组 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)SS测定值与对照组无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;餐后FD组CCK测定值明显低于对照组 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　血浆MTL、CCK、VIP ,在FD发病机制中起着一定的作用     

绝经后阴道出血242例临床及病理分析

目的 探讨绝经后阴道出血的病因。方法 分析２４２例绝经后阴道出血并行诊断性乔宫的临床和病理资料。结果 绝经后阴道出血的主要病理诊断分另是功能性子宫内膜（６０．７３％）、炎症（２８．９２％）和恶性肿瘤（１０．３５％）。结论 内分泌紊乱性疾病是绝经后出血的常见病因,年老妇女恶性肿瘤发生率高。     

A new 3-D laparoscope in gastrointestinal surgery

This study was set up to compare three-dimensional imaging of a new three-dimensional laparoscope with two-dimensional imaging in the inanimate and clinical settings. In the clinical setting the laparoscope was used in a total of 50 different laparoscopic operations. It provided excellent depth perception, definition, and resolution. The relationships of structures were more easily defined, and instrument manipulation was easier, doing away with the need for touch and feel to determine instrument position. Three-D imaging made cannulation of the cystic duct for cholangiography or with a flexible choledochoscope easier.In the inanimate setting basic simple tasks took the same time in 2-D as in 3-D, whereas a more complicated procedure of passing a needle and suture through a series of hoops was 25% faster when performed in 3-D compared to 2-D. Three-D imaging may reduce operative time for laparoscopic procedures, particularly the more complicated operations.     

Primary colorectal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Background: The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of extranodal involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Primary colorectal NHL comprises 13–18% of all gastrointestinal NHL but is not commonly reported as a separate entity. Methods: This was a retrospective review of the medical records of 19 patients over a 16-year period to evaluate the clinical features and behavior of colorectal NHL. Results: A pediatric group of seven male patients presented at an early stage with acute symptomatology. The primary tumor was located in the ileocecum in all cases and intussusception was common. An adult group of 12 patients presented at a later stage with chronic symptomatology. Staging study results were positive by bone marrow biopsy in four of 16 patients (25%), by lymphangiography in six of 11 patients (54.5%), and by gallium scan in eight of 10 patients (80%). Seven patients relapsed a median of 8 months after treatment. Three other patients died during treatment, one died of other causes, and one died without receiving treatment. The remaining seven patients are alive from 41 to 231 months without evidence of disease. Five of these patients are in the pediatric group, where the median survival was >72 months. The overall median survival was 45 months. Conclusion: Colorectal NHL is a disease that affects both the pediatric and adult population. Although pediatric patients have an excellent prognosis with anticipated long-term survival after treatment, long-term survival can be expected in 50% of adult patients. In both groups of patients, multimodality therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation is the treatment of choice.Presented at the 46th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, California, March 18–21, 1993.     

Regression of endometrial hyperplasia after treatment with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue triptorelin: a prospective study

Endometrial hyperplasia is thought to be caused by the prolonged, unopposed oestrogenic stimulation of the endometrium. The regression of hyperplastic back to normal endometrium is the main purpose of any conservative treatment in order to prevent development of adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regression of hyperplastic to normal endometrium in patients with various forms of endometrial hyperplasia after treatment with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) triptorelin for 6 months. Fifty-six patients with endometrial hyperplasia were enrolled in this trial; 39 patients (group I) presented simple hyperplasia, 14 (group II) complex hyperplasia and three (group III) atypical complex hyperplasia. All patients were treated with triptorelin for 6 months. Bleeding control during treatment was excellent. A post-treatment curettage for estimation of endometrial histology was performed on 54 out of 56 patients 100.1 +/- 44.7 days after the last triptorelin dose, following the restoration of pituitary function. Regression of hyperplastic to normal endometrium was observed in 32 (86.5%) out of 37 patients in group I and in 12 (85.7%) out of 14 in group II. Persistence of simple hyperplasia was found in five (14.5%) out of 37 patients in group I. Persistence of complex hyperplasia was found in 1 (7.1%) out of 14 patients and progression to atypical complex hyperplasia in another one (7.1%) woman in group II. In some of these cases, the presence of risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and ovulatory disturbances may contribute to the disease persistence despite therapy. On the other hand, in group III, none of the three patients had normal post-treatment endometrial histology. It seems, therefore, that in cases of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, the administration of the GnRHa triptorelin is associated with high regression rates to normal endometrium. Conversely, the presence of atypia seems to be a poor prognostic factor. Treatment tolerance and bleeding control during therapy is excellent.     

Jejunal duplication cyst displaying peristalsis and a five-layered appearance of the wall: a preoperative ultrasound diagnosis

A case of preoperatively diagnosed jejunal duplication cyst displaying the characteristic five-layered appearance of the gastrointestinal tract wall and peristaltic activity is reported. Both these rare features allowed a specific diagnosis of enteric duplication to be made.     

胃肠道淋巴瘤的淋巴结转移

无论临床及病理均熟知癌常沿淋巴道转移,肉瘤则易沿血道转移,但恶性淋巴瘤出现扩散时,无论专著或文章中均采用“累及”而避免使用转移一词。我们通过胃肠道原发的淋巴瘤材料中,观察其切除标本中的系膜淋巴结,发现非何杰金氏淋巴瘤有10例从原发管壁累及到了系膜淋巴结的某一部分,这种淋巴结中瘤组织与固有淋巴结结构分界清楚,瘤细胞与固有淋巴细胞明显不同,根据肿瘤转移的定义,我们认为,淋巴瘤也可以明确地说是与其它恶性肿瘤一样,具有沿淋巴道转移的生物学行为的,在日常工作中是可以用转移一词来简明地做出诊断报告的。