Prognostic implications of cyclin B1, p34cdc2, p27(Kip1) and p53 expression in gastric cancer

PURPOSE: Cell cycle progression is regulated by interactions of specific cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) at the G1-S and G2-M checkpoints and cell cycle deregulation plays a major role in carcinogenesis of human cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To investigate the role of cell cycle regulators in the pathogenesis and progression of human gastric cancers, 23 cases of gastric carcinomas were examined for the expression of cyclin B1, p34cdc2, p27(Kip1) and p53 by immunohistochemical methods, and gene expression was correlated with various clinicopathologic findings. RESULTS: Out of 23 cases studied, cyclin B1 was diffusely expressed in 20 cases (87.0%), p34cdc2 in 14 cases (60.9%) and p53 in 12 cases (52.2%), whereas in normal gastric tissues, cyclin B1 and p34cdc2 were weakly expressed and p53 was not expressed. In contrast, p27(Kip1) was expressed in only 8.7% of gastric carcinomas compared with 78.3% of normal gastric tissues. There was correlation between the expression of cyclin B1 and expression of p34cdc2 (p=0.002), between the expression of cyclin B1 and loss of p27(Kip1) (p=0.025), and between the expression of p34cdc2 and loss of p27(Kip1) (p=0.065). In addition, expression of cyclin B1 was correlated with regional lymph node metastasis (p=0.032). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that cyclin B1 and p34cdc2 are involved in the genesis or progression of gastric cancers. Furthermore, overexpression of cyclin B1 may play an important role in lymph node metastatic potential of gastric cancer. Thus, abnormal expression of cyclin B1 and CDKs, overexpression of p53 and loss of p27(Kip1) expression may play important roles in human gastric carcinogenesis.     

非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体突变的检测及临床病理意义

目的检测非小细胞肺癌患者体细胞表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因第19和21外显子突变情况并探讨其临床病理联系。方法用酚．氯仿法抽提66例NSCLC患者手术标本的基因组DNA,采用PCR技术扩增EGFR基因第19和21号外显子,从正反两个方向对扩增片段进行DNA测序和分析,并寻找EGFR突变与患者115床病理特征之间的联系。结果66例NSCLC患者中有11例（16．7％）存在EGFR杂合性体细胞突变,其中7例为第19外显子缺失突变,4例为第21外显子替代突变。女性患者突变率（9／34,26,5％）高于男性患者突变率（2／32,6．3％）,腺癌患者突变率（10／43,23,3％）高于鳞癌（0／13）和腺鳞癌患者（1／10）,吸烟者与非吸烟者突变率之间差异无统计学意义。伴细支气管肺泡癌成分的腺癌患者EGFR突变率（6／11）,高于无细支气管肺泡癌成分的腺癌患者（4／32,12．5％）。结论EGFR突变率以伴细支气管肺泡癌成分的腺癌和女性较高,更有利于适宜靶向治疗患者的临床筛选。     

局部晚期非小细胞肺癌三维适形放射治疗致放射性肺损伤相关因素探讨

目的 探讨局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者接受三维适形放射治疗引起放射性肺损伤(radiation-induced lung injury,RILI)的影响因素.方法 选取2014-2015年三维适形放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者64例,采用美国肿瘤放射治疗协作组(radiotherapy oncology group,RTOG)标准评估RILI级别,以放疗结束后3月内发生≥2级RILI作为终点事件,用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行统计学分析,χ2检验进行单因素分析,logistics多元回归模型进行多因素分析.结果 64例中23例发生放射性肺损伤,发生率35.94%;单因素分析发现性别、年龄、病理类型KPS评分、化疗周期数、肿瘤分期及肿瘤直径与RILI发生率无关(P>0.05);而吸烟、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、是否接受同期化疗、放疗总剂量、接受超过某剂量照射的肺体积占全肺总体积的百分比(肺V5、V10、V20、V30)、平均肺受量(mean lung dose,MLD)及计划靶体积(planning target volume,PTV)与RILI发生率有关(P<0.05).多因素分析显示是否接受同期化疗、肺V5、计划靶体积及放疗总剂量是RILI发生率的独立因素.结论 行三维适形放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌老年患者,若同期化疗、肺V5及放疗总剂量高、计划靶体积大,则需高度重视防治RILI.     

A comprehensive review on Brigatinib – A wonder drug for targeted cancer therapy in non-small cell lung cancer

The mortality rate in patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is quite high. This type of cancer mainly occurs due to rearrangements in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene which leads to form an oncogene of fused gene NPM-ALK. Brigatinib is recently approved by FDA in April 2017 as a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for the NSCLC therapy. In the present scenario, it is no less than a wonder drug because it is indicated for the treatment of advanced stages of metastatic ALK positive NSCLC, a fatal disease to overcome the resistance of various other ALK inhibitors such as crizotinib, ceritinib and alectinib. In addition to ALK, it is also active against multiple types of kinases such as ROS1, Insulin like growth factor-1Receptor and EGFR. It can be synthesized by using N-[2-methoxy-4-[4-(dimethylamino) piperidin-1-yl] aniline] guanidine and 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine respectively in two different ways. Its structure consists of mainly dimethylphosphine oxide group which is responsible for its pharmacological activity. It is active against various cell lines such as HCC78, H2228, H23, H358, H838, U937, HepG2 and Karpas- 299. Results of ALTA (ALK in Lung Cancer Trial of AP26113) phase ½ trial shows that 90?mg of brigatinib for 7?days and then 180?mg for next days is effective in the treatment of NSCLC. Brigatinib has been shown to have favorable risk benefit profile and is a safer drug than the available cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. In comparison to other FDA approved drugs for the same condition, it causes fewer minor adverse reactions which can be easily managed either by changing the dose or by providing good supportive care. This article is intended to provide readers with an overview of chemistry, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profile of brigatinib, which addresses an unmet medical need.     

Nano in nano: Biosynthesized gold and iron nanoclusters cargo neoplastic exosomes for cancer status biomarking

Timely detection is crucial for successful treatment of cancer. The current study describes a new approach that involves utilization of the tumor cell environment for bioimaging with in-situ biosynthesized nanoscale gold and iron probes and subsequent dissemination of Au-Fe nanoclusters from cargo exosomes within the circulatory system. We have isolated the Au-Fe cargo exosomes from the blood of the treated murine models after in situ biosyntheses from their respective pre-ionic solutions (HAuCl₄, FeCl₂), whereas Na₂SeO₃ supplementation added into Au lethal effect. The microarray data of various differentially expressed genes revealed the up-regulated tumor ablation and metal binding genes in SGC-7901 cell lines after treatment with Au-Fe-Se triplet ionic solution. The isolation of Au-Fe nanoclusters cargo exosomes (nano in nano) after secretion from deeply seated tumors may help in early diagnosis and reveal the tumor ablation status during and after the relevant treatment like radio-chemo therapies et al.     

人文关怀护理在胃癌放疗患者中的应用效果

目的:探讨人文关怀护理在胃癌放疗患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2018年10月至2020年10月该院收治的90例胃癌患者的临床资料,按照护理方法不同将患者分为对照组与观察组各45例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用人文关怀护理。比较两组患者焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)评分、不良事件发生率,以及护理满意度。结果:观察组SAS、SDS评分均低于对照组,GQOLI-74中躯体功能、社会功能、心理功能评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良事件发生率为4.44%(2/45),低于对照组的22.22%(10/45),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度为95.56%(43/45),高于对照组的75.56%(34/45),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对胃癌放疗患者应用人文关怀护理,可缓解其负面情绪,降低不良事件发生率,提高护理满意度及生命质量。     

自拟安胃汤联合兰索拉唑对老年胃溃疡患者胃肠激素及IL-6水平的影响

目的探讨老年胃溃疡患者给予自拟安胃汤联合兰索拉唑治疗对胃肠激素及白细胞介素(IL-6)水平的影响。方法选取2018年1月至2020年12月在本院治疗的老年胃溃疡患者84例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分成观察组(42例)和对照组(42例),对照组给予兰索拉唑治疗,观察组给予自拟安胃汤联合兰索拉唑治疗,比较两组患者胃肠激素及IL-6水平。结果两组治疗后胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MOT)水平明显提高(P<0.05),观察组水平较对照组明显更高(P<0.05);两组治疗后IL-6水平明显降低(P<0.05),与对照组相比,观察组明显更低(P<0.05)。结论老年胃溃疡患者给予自拟安胃汤联合兰索拉唑治疗,能够改善胃肠激素及IL-6水平,应用价值较高。     

精准医疗时代转化序贯外科方案会成为晚期肝癌治疗的有效选择吗?

肝癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤,多数患者就诊时已属晚期,生存期短,预后极差,是严重影响我国国民身体健康的重大疾病,通过多学科综合治疗延长生存期改善生活质量是医学界的广泛共识。近年来,免疫阻断点抑制剂联合抗血管生成靶向药物用于晚期肝癌的治疗取得了令人鼓舞的疗效。本文重点探讨免疫阻断点抑制剂联合抗血管生成靶向药物转化序贯外科治疗方案在晚期肝癌治疗中的几个焦点问题,并就免疫阻断点抑制剂联合抗血管生成靶向药物转化序贯外科方案在晚期肝癌治疗方面的前景做一展望。     

Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis sobre CK20, CD44, Ki67 y p53 como marcadores inmunohistoquímicos en el carcinoma in situ vesical

IntroductionUrothelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIS) are related to recurrence and progression of urothelial carcinoma. Differentiating CIS and dysplasia from reactive atypia is often difficult based only on histological features. The integration of histological findings with immunohistochemistry is used in routine practice to make a diagnosis of CIS and, for this purpose, the immunohistochemical markers CK20, CD44, Ki67 and p53 are used to supplement histology.In this work, we aimed to assess CK20, CD44, Ki67 and p53 as immunohistochemical markers in patients with CIS through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Materials and methodsA systematic review was performed by searching electronic databases for English-language studies published from January 2010 to April 2021. Studies were considered eligible if they evaluated the CK20, CD44, Ki67 and p53 expression in CIS.ResultsIn total, 15 references were suitable for quantitative review. The overall rate of CK20, CD44, Ki67 and p53 expression in CIS was 43%, 31%, 44%, 38%, respectively.ConclusionsOur study supports the 2014 International Society of Urologic Pathology consensus that histological assessment remains the gold standard to diagnose urothelial CIS and suggests that a very close correlation between morphological, immunohistochemical and clinical data is essential to provide the best management for patients with bladder carcinoma.