膀胱小细胞癌诊治体会(附六例报告)

目的　提高对膀胱小细胞癌的认识。　方法　回顾性分析 6例膀胱小细胞癌患者的病理及临床资料。男 4例 ,女 2例 ,平均年龄 5 1岁。其中 2例膀胱小细胞癌含有移行细胞癌和 (或 )腺癌成分。行膀胱部分切除术 2例 ,行膀胱全切术 4例。 5例患者接受 2～ 6疗程化疗。　结果　 6例患者随访 12～ 6 0个月 ,均因肿瘤复发死亡。平均生存时间 2 8个月。　结论　膀胱小细胞癌占原发膀胱恶性肿瘤的 0 .4 4 % ,恶性程度高 ,易发生淋巴结、肝、骨等转移 ,预后差 ,根治性膀胱全切加联合化疗可获得较好疗效。     

苯乙酸对人结直肠癌细胞HCT-8的G1细胞周期阻滞及增殖抑制作用

摘要：目的 探讨诱导分化剂苯乙酸（PA）对人结直肠癌细胞系HCT 8细胞周期及增殖的影响。 方法 应用MTT比色法，以1.0，2.0，3.0，4.0，5.0 mmol/L的PA作用于体外培养的HCT 8细胞，分别于24，48，72h后对细胞增殖进行检测；流式细胞术分析细胞周期。结果 随着PA浓度的增加（1～5 mmol/L）或药物作用时间的延长（24～72h），肿瘤细胞生长抑制率明显增加。PA1~5mmol/L作用24h细胞生长抑制率为5.1%-24.3%，48h为16.7%-72.3%，72h为30.2%-93.4%。PA作用细胞72h后，G0/G1期比例显著下降，S期比例相对升高，组间差异显著（P＜0.05）。结论 PA在诱导分化结直肠癌HCT 8细胞过程中，可诱导G1细胞周期阻滞，抑制细胞增殖。     

Greater curve approach for laparoscopic gastric bypass: total stapler gastrojejunostomy

BACKGROUND: Gastric bypass is an established bariatric procedure that has undergone multiple modifications to improve its effectiveness. The side-to-side stapled technique is well recognized, but closure of the gastrotomy/enterotomy by the stapler can potentially narrow the Roux limb. Because of this, many surgeons will hand suture the closure of the gastrotomy/enterotomy. To obviate this difficulty, we inserted the linear stapler from the stomach's greater curvature, using a double-stapled anastomosis that minimized the need for hand suturing. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 307 patients undergoing this technique for laparoscopic gastric bypass. The weight loss and 30-day morbidity and mortality were tabulated and compared with those in other published series. RESULTS: Of the 307 patients, none died postoperatively. The overall 30-day morbidity rate was 15%. Two leaks from the gastrojejunostomy and 2 from the jejunojejunostomy (1.2%) developed. The mean percentage of excess weight loss was 34% at 3 months, 52% at 6 months, 73% at 1 year, 71% at 2 years, and 69% at 3 years. CONCLUSION: The greater curve approach avoids Roux limb obstruction, minimizes the need for hand suturing, and uses standard trocar incisions. Our short-term follow-up results are similar to those of series of other techniques.     

胃癌大肠转移的X线钡灌肠表现

目的:分析胃癌大肠转移的X线钡灌肠表现。方法:104例胃癌入院术前检查发现结肠转移或胃癌术后转移入院治疗的病例。分析钡灌肠初次发现大肠转移征象的年龄、发现胃癌原发病变距初次发现大肠转移的间隔时间、转移病变的发生部位和病变造成的X线钡灌肠图像上的肠管变形和粘膜面的改变。结果:104例胃癌结肠转移,男67例,女37例。胃癌术前检查中发现结肠转移者32例,术后发现的大肠转移中,多数转移发生在手术后3年内(占91.3%)。胃癌原发灶的肉眼形态BorrmannⅢ型(28例)和BorrmannⅣ型(65例)者占89.4%,组织学中以低分化腺癌和印戒细胞癌为主要成分者占91.3%。X线钡灌肠检查显示大肠转移的好发部位为横结肠(80),其次为直肠(50)。转移灶可累及多节段肠管,其中横结肠中1/3段(47),横结肠左1/3(44),横结肠右1/3(39)和直肠腹膜返折之上(39)。X线显示肠管单侧变形者227处,双侧变形者96处。黏膜面表现为梳齿状黏膜纹聚集改变253处,颗粒结节状改变23处,外压性改变20处,弥漫性改变62处。结论:胃癌大肠转移的好发部位为横结肠和直肠,结肠黏膜面的梳齿状黏膜纹聚集为胃癌大肠转移的主要X线钡剂灌肠表现。     

Predicting Stricture in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Logistic Regression Analysis

Gastrojejunostomy stricture after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass occurs in 3 to 27% of morbidly obese patients in the USA. We questioned whether preoperative patient characteristics, including demographic attributes and comorbid disease, might be significant factors in the etiology of stricture. In this study from November 2001 to February 2006 (51 months), at a high-volume bariatric center, of the 1,351 patients who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass, 92 developed stricture (6.8%). All but two were treated successfully by endoscopic dilation. All patients stopped nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications 2 weeks prior to surgery and did not restart them. The operative procedure included the use of a 21-mm transoral circular stapler to create the gastrojejunostomy; the Roux limb was brought retrogastric, retrocolic. In an effort to reduce our center’s stricture rate, late in the study, U-clips used at the gastrojejunostomy were replaced by absorbable sutures, and postoperative H₂ antagonists were added to the treatment protocol. The change to absorbable polyglactin suture proved to be significant, resulting in a lower stricture rate. The addition of H₂ antagonists showed no significant effect. Following the retrospective review of the prospective database, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with the development of stricture. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and age were each shown to be statistically significant independent predictors of stricture following laparoscopic gastric bypass. Presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, May 20–24, Los Angeles, CA (poster presentation).     

NSCLC患者行PET检查的成本效益分析

目的研究非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者行PET和CT检查的成本效益比,寻找更低成本效益比的检查.方法采用决策分析法,对国内现有NSCLC患者PET及CT诊断效率研究中的数据进行分析,比较其正确检出费用、正确分期费用和正确治疗费用.结果①就检出率而言,CT的成本效益比更低;②就分期准确性而言,CT的成本效益比仍较PET低;③就诊疗费用的成本效益比而言,PET较CT为低;④PET与CT相比,其优势在于诊断Ⅰ期的患者.结论CT适合NSCLC的筛选,而PET适用于临床分期,指导临床治疗.     

多层螺旋CT在肝癌介入治疗中的价值

目的　评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在肝癌(HCC)介入治疗中的指导作用,着重研究对肝动脉化疗栓塞的价值。方法　对54例HCC患者先行MSCT检查,分别观察肝动脉期、门静脉期和肝静脉期肿瘤及其并发症的影像表现;其中12例行CTA检查,42例应用MIP或MPR观察腹腔动脉的解剖和走行,根据影像表现拟订治疗方案。结果　54 例患者MSCT发现HCC病灶225个,门静脉瘤栓10例,动静脉瘘14例。MSCT对肿瘤数目、门静脉瘤栓显示率与 DSA无显著差异 (P>0.05)。CTA对于显示腹腔动脉及其主要分支的解剖三维结构优于后前位 DSA,观察与腹主动脉夹角较 DSA更方便。MSCT发现肝动脉起源变异5例,与DSA完全符合。结论　MSCT对于肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞有重要指导意义。     

Travel distance, age, and sex as factors in follow-up visit compliance in the post-gastric bypass population

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus regarding the optimal rate of follow-up in the post-bariatric surgery patient population. METHODS: The records of all patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass from 2001 to 2003 were reviewed. Using patient zip codes, travel distances were calculated between the patients' places of residence and our clinic. Patients were then assigned to 1 of 3 cohorts according to the following distances: (1) < 50 miles, (2) 50 to 100 miles, and (3) > 100 miles. Patient compliance with follow-up appointments at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months was analyzed. Linear trends were identified using the Mantel-Haenszel test. Age and sex were analyzed as possible predictors of compliance using the chi(2) test. P values < .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study group comprised 150 patients (127 females and 23 males). The 3 cohorts contained 115, 21, and 14 patients, respectively. All patients in each cohort were compliant with the 3-week follow-up appointment. Although there were differences in compliance between cohorts at each of the remaining appointments, only the 9-month (70.3% vs 61.9% vs 35.7%) visit showed statistical significance (P = .035). The 6-month visit trended toward significance (85.2% vs 76.2% vs 64.3%; P = .088). Males were more likely to be compliant with the 12-month follow-up (P = .040). When controlling for sex, travel distance was also a predictor of compliance at this follow-up visit (P = .024). Age was not predictive of compliance (P = .827). CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, we conclude that travel distance from the clinic does not significantly affect compliance at the initial follow-up, 3-month, and 12-month appointments. However, distance does tend to affect compliance at the 6-month appointment and significantly affects compliance at the 9-month appointment. Males are more likely to be compliant at the 12 month follow-up visit. We must continue to strive for 100% follow-up in our post-bariatric surgery patients.     

肝动脉栓塞治疗肝癌肝动脉-门静脉瘘所致的大量腹腔积液

目的:探讨肝动脉栓塞治疗肝癌肝动脉-门静脉瘘(APF)所致大量腹腔积液的临床应用价值。方法:并发高流量APF和大量腹腔积液的肝癌患者9例,以明胶海绵颗粒栓塞载瘘动脉,消除或减少APF,用碘化油尽量栓塞肝癌病灶。结果:APF消失7例,少量残留2例;门静脉血流方向全部由逆肝转为向肝;肝癌病灶内碘化油沉积良好6例;术后2周内腹腔积液完全消失5例,少量残余4例;2周后肝功复查,5例肝功能原有明显损害者全部明显改善;全部病例原有腹胀、腹痛、厌食、乏力症状不同程度缓解。结论:对肝癌并高流量APF所致腹腔积液,动脉栓塞治疗简单、安全、有效。     

Laparoscopic repair of a perforated marginal ulcer 2 years after gastric bypass

The authors present the case of a 43-year-old women who underwent a laparoscopic gastric bypass in 2003 for morbid obesity. They report that 2 years later, she had maintained significant weight loss, but had developed acute abdominal pain, followed by nausea and emesis. In the emergency room, she had diffuse tenderness, tachycardia, and leukocytosis. After initial resuscitation, a computed tomography was performed, which showed free air above the liver and thickened small bowel loops. She was brought emergently to the operating room for laparoscopy. At surgery, turbid fluid and inflamed small bowel loops were seen. A perforated marginal ulcer was discovered in the Roux limb, approximately 2 cm distal to the gastrojejunal anastomosis. The perforation was oversewn primarily and patched with omentum. The repair was tested by intraoperative endoscopy. A gastrostomy tube also was placed within the gastric remnant for enteral access. The patient did extremely well postoperatively, and had an uneventful postoperative course. She was discharged on postoperative day 4. The gastrostomy tube was removed at 1 month, and at this writing, she remains well since surgery. An upper endoscopy at 2 months was completely normal, and the Helicobacter pylori test results were negative. The gastric pouch had not significantly enlarged since initial surgery, as indicated by both endoscopy and barium study. Marginal ulcer is reported to be 0.6% to 16% after laparoscopic gastric bypass [1]. Etiologies include gastrogastric fistula, excessively large gastric pouch containing antral mucosa, H. pylori infection, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory use, and smoking [2]. Unfortunately, none of these applied to the reported patient. Because her exact etiology remains unknown, she at this writing continues to receive proton pump inhibitor therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.