Sister chromatid exchange: Variation by age,sex, smoking,and breast cancer status

Variation in sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in lymphocytes of 125 persons was compared using a multivariate general linear model. The study was performed to determine whether SCE frequency differs with respect to age, sex, smoking, and breast cancer status. Study subjects were divided into: members of two branches of families having an excess of cancer (primarily breast) including a brother and sister in one family who developed nonbreast malignancies within 1 yr of the study; women in both families successfully treated for breast cancer (all at least 5 yr posttreatment); and women from the general population with confirmed breast cancer.Controls consisted of spouses who married into the high-risk kindreds, hospital personnel, and others (primarily tradesmen without history of occupational exposure). Results show that: (1) Women with active breast cancer have a significantly higher mean SCE frequency than control women or women greater than 5 yr posttreatment for breast cancer; (2) Cigarette smokers show a significantly higher number of SCEs than was observed in nonsmokers; (3) The increase in SCE level in smokers is dose-related to exposure as measured by cumulative pack-years; (4) SCE values in both high-risk families are not significantly different from controls; (5) Neither the age nor sex of the individual affects SCE frequency; and (6) The observed distribution of exchanges agrees with that expected based on the proportion of the genome represented by each chromosome group.     

Insect venom allergy: a prospective case study showing lack of correlation between immunologic reactivity and clinical sensitivity

This case report demonstrates the lack of correlation between clinical sensitivity to insect venoms and immunologic reactivity as indicated by the presence of venom-specific IgE. A 20-yr-old venom collector was monitored over a 3-yr period with measurements of venom-specific IgE (skin test and RAST) and venom-specific IgG. In the first year of venom collection, multiple stings were tolerated with no reaction. In the second season, she had an anaphylactic reaction after a yellow jacket sting. Subsequently, there was a rising titer of serum yellow jacket and bee venom-specific IgE and positive skin-test reactions. In the third season, yellow jacket, hornet, and bee venom skin tests remained positive and serum IgE antibody titers remained elevated. Stings from all three insects were tolerated with no reaction. Throughout the 3-yr course, serum venom-specific IgG remained low and unchanged. The factors other than IgE-modulating clinical anaphylaxis, perhaps responsible for this clinical and immunologic dichotomy, are unknown. These observations add a further complication to the choice of patients for venom immunotherapy.     

The effects of nifedipine on platelet aggregation and plasma 6-keto-PGF1α, and its interaction with indomethacin

Summary Pre-incubation of human platelets with nifedipine in vitro or treatment of normal volunteers with nifedipine, 30 mg daily for one week, did not alter ADP induced aggregation measured by whole blood aggregometry. 6-oxo-Prostaglandin F₁ remained undetectable in plasma following oral administration of nifedipine to normal volunteers. The hypotensive response to intravenous nifedipine administration was similar in spontaneously hypertensive rats pretreated with indomethacin or placebo. These results conflict with previous reports that nifedipine alters platelet aggregation and prostaglandin metabolism.     

泸州市473例新报告50岁及以上男性艾滋病患者性途径感染原因分析

目的调查泸州市中老年男性艾滋病疫情高发的原因,为制订有针对性的干预策略提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,2019年对473例新报告的泸州市50岁及以上中老年男性艾滋病感染者/病人展开性伴、安全套使用及商业性行为等主要内容的问卷调查,采用卡方检验进行差异性分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果分别有81.6%、62.8%和10.1%的人有商业性行为、固定性伴/配偶和临时性伴,除固定性伴比例随年龄增长呈下降趋势(χ²_趋势=6.934,P=0.008)外,其余性伴类型没有统计学差异。与不同性伴发生性关系,近1年从未使用安全套比例均超过90%。无配偶(35.8%)、配偶不在身边(30.8%)、诱惑/好玩(22.4%)是寻找商业性伴的前3位原因;性交易对象以本地为主,本乡镇占56.0%。固定场所(46.3%)和接头拉客(43.7%)是最主要的寻找商业性伴方式。多数性交易价格低于50元,年龄越大,<50元的占比越大(50岁~59岁、60岁~69岁、≥70岁分别为52.1%、78.0%和80.0%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=22.061,P<0.001)。结论中老年男性通过寻找商业性伴满足其性需求,交易价格偏低。该群体存在多性伴行为、基本不使用安全套行为等现象,是其艾滋病疫情快速增长的重要原因。     

肺癌诊断中CYFRA_(21-1)、CA_(50)、CEA联检的临床意义

目的 :探讨血清CYFRA2 1- 1、CA50 、CEA变化对诊断肺癌的临床价值。方法 :应用放射免疫法对 186例肺癌患者进行血清CYFRA2 1- 1、CA50 、CEA联合检测。结果 :肺癌组患者血清CYFRA2 1- 1、CA50 、CEA检测水平明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1)、三项联合 (CYFRA2 1- 1+CA50 +CEA)检测的敏感性和准确性最高 ,分别为 :91.4 %、86.2 % ,优于二项和单项检测。结论 :三项肿瘤标志联合检测可提高肺癌的早期诊断率 ,在病情检测方面可为临床提供有价值的资料。     

8种氟喹诺酮药物体外抗淋球菌的活性研究

目的　为了解淋球菌对氟喹诺酮的耐药状况 ,指导临床合理用药及开发新一代氟喹诺酮药物提供实验依据。方法　临床标本分离的 80株淋病流行株 ,采用琼脂稀释法测定淋球菌对 8种氟喹诺酮药物的最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)及交叉耐药情况。结果　Y98- 11、Y98- 35、Y98- 36、Y98- 48对淋球菌均有很强活性 ,其MIC50均为 0 .0 16μg/ml,MIC90 均为 0 .0 62 5～ 0 .12 5μg/ml。而盐酸环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、司帕沙星存在不同程度耐药 ,其MIC50 分别为 1μg/ml、1μg/ml、0 .5μg/ml、0 .2 5μg/ml,其MIC90 分别为 4 μg/ml、4 μg/ml、2μg/ml、1μg/ml;且耐环丙沙星的淋球菌株 ,对氧氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、司帕沙星有显著性交叉耐药 ( χ2 =18.37、8.60、6.92 ,P <0 .0 5)。结论　近年来 ,对氟喹诺酮敏感性下降或耐药的淋球菌在我国已出现 ,并存在交叉耐药 ,应引起人们的高度重视 ,但新一代的氟喹诺酮药物仍具有较好的抗菌效果     

国产甲磺酸培氟沙星体内抗菌活性试验

口服和静脉给予国产甲磺酸培氟沙星对大肠杆菌-12、克氏肺炎杆菌-64和绿脓杆菌-14感染小鼠均有保护作用,其中口服给药的PD_(50)分别为1.08,5.87和8.10mg/kg;静脉给药的PD_(50)分别为0.54,3.10和7.02mg/kg。     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎患者血栓素、前列环素及血液流变学指标的检测分析

目的 :探讨血栓闭塞性脉管炎患者血栓素B2 、前列环素与血液流变学指标的变化及其与发病机制的关系。方法 :用放射免疫法测定TXA2 和PGI2 的代谢产物血栓素B2 (TXB2 )、6 酮 前列腺素F1α( 6 K PGF1α) ,LBY N6A自清洗旋转式粘度计测定血液流变学指标 ,并与对照组对比分析。结果 :血栓闭塞性脉管炎患者TXB2 ( 53.59± 83.2 1ng/L)、6 K PGF1α( 14 .50± 3.4 5ng/L) ,与对照组相比差异显著 ;全血高切粘度、低切粘度、血浆粘度及纤维蛋白原疾病组均高于对照组 ,差异具有统计学意义。结论 :血栓闭塞性脉管炎患者存在TXA2 /PGI2失衡 ,并与血液流变学的改变有密切关系