中国和英国子宫内膜异位症患者的发病相关因素分析

目的研究子宫内膜异位症发病的相关因素及其在中国和英国患者之间可能的差异。方法采用病例对照研究方法，选取英国牛津John Radcliffe Hospital收治的子宫内膜异位症患者387例和非子宫内膜异位症患者199例、广州中医药大学第一附属医院收治的子宫内膜异位症患者101例和非子宫内膜异位症患者50例分别为病例组和对照组。通过标准化的WERF EPHect调查问卷，收集4组人群的身高、体质量、体质量指数、婚姻状况、工作状况、月经情况、生育情况、手术原因等临床资料并进行统计分析。结果多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，英国患者中体质量指数、因痛经进行手术、怀孕史、既往子宫内膜异位症手术次数、工作情况等均与子宫内膜异位症的发生相关(P < 0.05)，而中国患者中痛经史与子宫内膜异位症的发生相关(P < 0.05)。结论痛经可能是中国和英国子宫内膜异位症患者最主要的相关因素；同时，子宫内膜异位症发生的相关因素在中国和英国患者之间可能存在差异。     

Diagnosis of gestational diabetes: Are five rounds of blood sampling necessary?

We aimed to determine the upper and lower cutoff values to simplify the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We investigated the 50-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results from 1441 pregnancies and identified 423 gravidas who underwent the 100-g OGTT from 2011 to 2019. We collected the results of 50- and 100-g OGTTs. Moreover, we obtained the sum of the 50-g OGTT and 0-hour values, and the sum of those levels and 1-hour values. We determined the upper cutoff at 50-g OGTT, 0-, 1-hour, sum of 50-g OGTT and 0-hour results, and sum of those levels and 1-hour results for the confirmation of GDM. Also, we determined the lower cutoff at these tests for the exclusion of GDM. The upper cutoffs in 50-g OGTT, 0-, 1-hour, the sum of 50-g OGTT and 0-hour were 222, 115, 212, and 315 mg/dL, respectively. The lower cutoffs in 50-g OGTT, 0-, 1-hour, the sum of 50-g OGTT and 0-hour were 131, 65, 151, and 208 mg/dL, respectively. In addition, we discovered that the upper and lower cutoffs in the sum of 50-g OGTT, 0- and 1-hour values were >516 and <373 mg/dL, respectively. We implemented these cutoffs to our study group at 50-g OGTT and 0-, 1-hour of 100-g OGTT. It could omit 2- and 3-hour sampling in 216 gravidas (51.1%). Our approach was able to simplify GDM diagnostic steps in half of our study group.     

葡萄籽原花青素对牙龈上皮细胞炎症介质表达的影响

目的研究葡萄籽原花青素（GSPs）预处理对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的人牙龈上皮细胞（HGECs）炎症介质表达的影响。方法用含不同浓度GSPs（0、1、5、10、20、40、60、80、100 µg·mL⁻¹）培养液培养HGECs 6、12、24、48 h后，CCK-8检测细胞增殖活性。不同浓度GSPs（0、10、20、40 µg·mL⁻¹）处理HGECs 24 h后加入1.0 µg·mL⁻¹ LPS培养，酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法检测促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6及抗炎细胞因子IL-4、IL-10、转化生长因子（TGF-β）的表达水平，实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（QRT-PCR）检测TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-4、IL-10和TGF-β mRNA表达水平。结果GSPs浓度为0~40 µg·mL⁻¹时细胞增殖无明显差异，且细胞增殖活性在24 h时最高。ELISA及QRT-PCR结果显示：与GSPs浓度为0 µg·mL⁻¹相比，GSPs浓度为10、20、40 µg·mL⁻¹时TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达降低（P<0.05），IL-4、IL-10和TGF-β的表达升高（P<0.05）。结论GSPs浓度在0~40 µg·mL⁻¹时对人HGECs增殖活性无明显影响，GSPs预处理HGECs能够抑制促炎因子的表达和促进抗炎因子的表达，对HGECs抵抗内毒素的刺激起到一定的预防作用。     

Fragment-Resistant Property Optimization within Ballistic Inserts Obtained on the Basis of Para-Aramid Materials

A high protection level without an excessive weight is a basic assumption in the design of modern armors and protection systems. Optimizing armors is a task of development of the utmost importance, and is the subject of the work contained within this article. Optimization of ballistic inserts was carried out using multicriterial analysis (MCA), which enables the selection of the optimal composition, taking into account properties such as ballistic resistance, physicomechanical, and/or functional properties. For this purpose, various types of composite systems were produced and tested in terms of their fragment-resistant properties according to STANAG 2920 and the composite areal density of different ballistic inserts: Soft inserts made of Twaron^® para-aramid sheets, hard ballistic inserts made of multilayer hot-pressed preimpregnated sheets, and hybrid hard ballistic inserts prepared on the basis of multilayer hot-pressed preimpregnated sheets and ceramics. The application of MCA and performance of experimental fragment resistance tests for a wide spectrum of para-aramid inserts are part of the novelty of this work. The obtained test results showed that depending on the composition of the composite system, we could obtain a wide range of fragmentation resistance in the range of 300 to >1800 m/s, which depended on the areal density and type of composite system used. The results also confirmed that MCA is a good computational tool to select the optimal design of para-aramid ballistic inserts.     

人乳腺癌细胞及其耐药细胞转录因子表达的差异

目的研究阿霉素在不同药敏性肿瘤细胞中转录因子水平的差异,为肿瘤细胞多药耐药机制的研究提供参考。方法通过细胞活力检测野生型乳腺癌细胞(MCF7/W)和对阿霉素耐药的乳腺癌细胞(MCF7/ADM)的药敏性差异;荧光显微镜镜检阿霉素荧光分布;有机溶剂萃取法进行全细胞阿霉素吸收分析;细胞膜和核膜分离检测阿霉素的亚细胞定位;通过转录因子膜分析MCF7/W和MCF7/ADM细胞中转录因子表达差异。结果两株细胞的耐药IC50相差近10 000倍左右;利用镜检和定量分析,发现阿霉素在MCF7/W细胞中主要定位于胞核,而在MCF7/ADM细胞中则蓄积较少且主要定位于胞质;转录因子差异分析发现膜上总345个转录因子中,与野生型细胞相比,耐药细胞的106个转录因子表达上调,32个表达下调。结论阿霉素在耐药细胞与野生型细胞中转录因子表达的差异,可能是干扰阿霉素入核,阻止其功能发挥的基础。     

A New Approach to Study the Physical Stability of Monoclonal Antibody Formulations—Dilution From a Denaturant

The early-stage assessment of the physical stability of new monoclonal antibodies in different formulations is often based on high-throughput techniques that suffer from various drawbacks. Accordingly, new approaches that facilitate the protein formulation development can be of high value to the industry. In this study, a dynamic light scattering plate reader is used to measure the aggregation (by means of the increase in the hydrodynamic radius [R_h]) of monoclonal antibody samples that were subject to incubation and subsequent dilution from different concentrations of a denaturing agent, that is, guanidine hydrochloride. The increase in the R_h of the protein samples is dependent not only on the denaturant concentration used but also on the buffer in which the incubation/dilution was performed. We also compare the aggregation after dilution from a denaturant with other high-throughput stability-indicating methods and find good agreement between the techniques. The proposed approach to probe the physical stability of monoclonal antibodies in different formulation conditions offers a unique combination of features—it is isothermal, probes both the resistance to denaturant-induced unfolding and the colloidal protein stability, it is entirely label-free, does not rely on complex data evaluation, and requires very short instrument measurement time on standard equipment.     

SDF-1α/CXCR4 信号通路在轴向应力刺激促进骨再生中的作用研究

目的通过轴向应力刺激促进骨再生，观察基质细胞衍生因子 1α/趋化因子 CXC 亚族受体 4（stromal cell-derived factor 1α/cysteine X cysteine receptor 4，SDF-1α/CXCR4）信号通路变化，探讨轴向应力刺激促进骨再生的机制。方法取 72 只雄性新西兰大白兔，于右后肢胫骨近端内侧制备直径 8 mm 圆形皮质骨缺损并脱蛋白松质骨支架修复模型，随机分为 3 组（n=24）。A 组腹腔注射 PBS，B 组术肢给予应力刺激治疗+腹腔注射 PBS，C 组术肢给予应力刺激治疗+腹腔注射 CXCR4 拮抗剂（AMD3100）。术后 2、4、8、12 周，摄 X 线片并采用 Lane-Sandhu X 线评分标准评价骨愈合情况，取标本行 HE 染色观察新生骨组织及支架降解，免疫组织化学染色观察 VEGF、CXCR4 表达水平；4、8 周取标本 Western blot 检测 SDF-1α 及 CXCR4 蛋白表达水平；12 周行 Micro-CT 检查，计算新生骨体积及新生骨密度。 结果X 线片检查示，除术后 2 周各组骨缺损区及支架无明显变化外，4、8 及 12 周时 B 组骨愈合评分均高于 A、C 组（P<0.05）。12 周时 Micro-CT 扫描可见 B 组骨缺损修复、髓腔再通，新生骨体积及骨密度均高于 A、C 组（P<0.05）。HE 染色显示，术后 4 周开始 B 组骨再生及支架降解均明显快于 A、C 组。免疫组织化学染色示，各组 VEGF 及 CXCR4 阳性表达均在 4 周达峰值；各时间点 B 组 VEGF 及 CXCR4 表达量均显著高于 A、C 组（P<0.05）。Western blot 检测显示，4、8 周时 B 组 SDF-1α 与 CXCR4 表达量均显著高于 A、C 组（P<0.05）。 结论轴向应力刺激促进骨再生可能与其促进骨缺损区组织高表达 SDF-1α，激活与其下游调控 BMSCs 募集的 CXCR4 信号有关。