高浓度铁对大鼠主要脏器损伤的研究

用腹腔注射右旋糖酐铁方法建立高浓度铁对大鼠主要脏器损伤的动物模型。各脏器铁含量检测表明，各实验组间有显著性差异。电镜观察显示：受损伤细胞内含有大量吞噬铁质的次级溶酶体，细胞有不同程度的变性和坏死。结果表明，过量的铁能够沉积在脏器的实质细胞内，破坏细胞膜性结构，影响细胞代谢。     

Forearm Substrate Exchange during Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia in Normal Man

To assess muscle substrate exchange during hypoglycaemia, 8 healthy young male subjects were studied twice during 2 h of hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemia followed by 4 h of (1) hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose < 2.8 mmol l^?1), and (2) euglycaemia. Insulin was infused at a rate of 1.5 mU kg^?1 min^?1 throughout. When compared to euglycaemia, hypoglycaemia was associated with: (1) increment in circulating glucagon (65 ± 8 vs 23 ± 4 ng l^?1, p < 0.05), growth hormone (19.9 ± 3.6 vs 2.6 ± 1.3 μg l^?1, p < 0.05), adrenaline (410 ± 88 vs 126 ± 32 ng l^?1, p < 0.05) and increased suppression of C-peptide (0.5 ± 0.1 vs 1.0 ± 0.1 μg l^?1, p < 0.05) along with a modest lowering of insulin (103 ± 10 vs 130 ± 13 mU l^?1, p < 0.05); (b) decrease in plasma glucose level (3.0 ± 0.07 vs 5.0 ± 0.12 mmol l^?1 p < 0.05), forearm glucose uptake (0.21 ± 0.09 vs 1.21 ± 0.21 mmol l^?1, p < 0.05) and requirement for exogenous glucose (5.6 ± 1.1 vs 13.2 ± 0.9 mg kg^?1 min^?1 p < 0.005) together with an impaired suppression of isotopically determined endogenous glucose production (0.34 ± 0.5 vs ?2.3 ± 0.3 mg kg^?1 min^?1, p < 0.05); (3) exaggerated increase in blood lactate (1680 ± 171 vs 1315 ± 108 μmol l^?1, p < 0.05) and a decrease in alanine (215 ± 18 vs 262 ± 19 μmol l^?1, p < 0.05). Forearm release of lactate (130 ± 43 vs 12 ± 31 μmol l^?1, p = 0.09) tended to be increased, whereas alanine balance (18 ± 6 vs 17 ± 5 μmol l^?1) was unchanged. (4) Total forearm blood flow increased similarly during both studies (4.4 ± 0.6 vs 4.2 ± 0.5 ml 100 ml^?1 min^?1). These data suggest that the human forearm is not a major site for glucose uptake nor for lactate production during protracted hypoglycaemia; the fact that forearm glucose uptake is reduced sixfold during hypoglycaemia further suggests that restriction of glucose uptake in muscles plays a frontline role in the defence against hypoglycaemia.     

坶甲趾骨片皮瓣与冷冻异体手指再造手指

１９８４年４月～１９９４年３月，用自体甲趾骨片皮瓣包裹冷冻异体手指骨—关节一肌腱复合组织，并联第２足趾游离移植再造手抬１５例，共再造拇、手指３１指。经１个月～８年随访，功能及外形良好，认为此法具有多造手指、少切足趾的优点。对造指部位选择、虎口狭小、血管危象及异体关节之变性吸收等问题，提出治疗及预防的方法。冷冻保存尸手能降低异体组织的抗原性，有利于在宿主体内存活。强调急诊截指时应尽量多保留手部活组织，为后期手指再造创造条件。     

Two new free flaps developed from aesthetic surgery I. The lateral mammary flap

A new donor site for free skin flap transfer from the breast is described. The vascular anatomy and the operative technique for raising the flap is detailed. The clinical application is illustrated by 3 case reports including 4 flap transfers. The use of the lateral mammary flap is indicated in largebreasted women when a reduction mammaplasty is required at the level of the donor site and can be combined with the microsurgical flap transfer.Presented at the VIIth Congress of the International Confederation for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, May 21, 1979, in Rio de Janeiro. Brazil. (First prize award from the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)     

Changes in the serum concentrations of sodium,potassium, and free haemoglobin during transurethral resection of the prostate — parts of the TUR-syndrome?

Summary In 133 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate under standardized conditions the concentration of serum sodium decreased, and the concentration of free plasma haemoglobin increased significantly after the operation. Such changes were not found in a control group of 31 patients undergoing cystoscopy or bladder biopsy. The changes in the operated group are believed to be caused by the absorption of water used as irrigating fluid during the resection.     

牛初乳对老年糖尿病患者及老年糖尿病大鼠保护作用的临床与实验研究

牛初乳经过特殊加工制成牛初乳制品，观察了其对老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者及四氧嘧啶模型老年糖尿病大鼠的保护作用，结果表明牛初乳具有明显的改善症状，降代血糖和增强机体免疫力，抗自由基损伤，抗衰老之功效。     

动脉粥样硬化家兔血清脂质过氧化物与血液SOD活力的变化

本实验利用动脉粥样硬化动物模型,观察了血清脂质过氧化产物(丙二醛)与血液超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的变化情况。实验发现,动脉粥样硬化家免血清丙二醛与血液SOD活力均明显升高。结果提示,血清脂质过氧化物可能是动脉壁中脂质过氧化物的主要来源,血液SOD活力升高是对自由基损伤的代偿性防御反应。     

The influence of dietary fat on the toxicity of orally ingested lead in rats

The influence of dietary fat on the toxicity of orally ingested lead was investigated. Groups of ten male weanling Wistar rats were maintained on diets providing 11.5, 20, 40 or 60% of energy from fat for 8 wk. All diets were supplemented with a low level of lead--1.25 mg Pb (as lead acetate) per 1000 kJ energy in the diet. Groups receiving 11.5 and 20% of energy as fat had similar lead levels for each tissue studied. Raising the fat level to 40 or 60% of energy resulted in significant increases in tissue-lead concentrations with each increment in dietary fat. The groups receiving 60% of energy as fat had more than twice the level of lead in the femur, kidney, liver and brain than the control rats maintained on the diet containing 11.5% energy as fat, even though the amount of lead ingested was the same for all groups. δ-Aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase activity was not affected when dietary fat was increased from 11.5 to 20%. There was a significant reduction in activity when fat was increased to 40 or 60% of energy. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin was not affected by the level of dietary fat. This work demonstrates that increasing the level of dietary fat significantly increases lead toxicity and indicates the need for further research on the interaction between dietary factors and lead toxicity.     

Role of striatal acetylcholine and free ammonia in the central stimulatory effects of pp'DDT in rats

pp'DDT (600 mg/kg, orally) produced an increase in the level of free ammonia and a decrease of acetylcholine in the corpus striatum of rats. These effects were maximal 5 h after the administration of pp'DDT. The animals showed tremors after 2 h, mild or moderate convulsions after 3.5 h and severe convulsions 5 h after treatment with pp'DDT. The neurochemical changes and convulsions induced by pp'DDT were modified to different degrees by barbiturates. Phenobarbitone sodium abolished the convulsions while prominal reduced the severity of convulsions in pp'DDT treated animals. The level of striatal acetylcholine in pp'DDT-phenobarbitone treated animals was not significantly different from the control values. In prominal-pp'DDT treated animals, it was slightly but significantly reduced. Primidone neither changed the severity of convulsions nor the level of striatal acetylcholine in pp'DDT treated animals. Further barbiturates had no significant effect on the level of free ammonia in pp'DDT treated rats. The results suggest that changes in the level of acetylcholine are not the cause but an effect of pp'DDT induced stimulatory effects or convulsions, mediated through an increase in the level of free ammonia or some other mechanism.     

The free erythrocyte protoporphyrin assay in monitoring lead-exposed workers

Summary We have performed a comparative analysis of two different fluorometric methods used to determine free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) blood concentration. The first method is based on an extractive procedure, whereas the second one involves the direct fluorometric analysis of whole blood. Our results show that the extractive procedure is probably the most reliable technique available for FEP determination, but it is not so suitable for mass screening, whereas the direct fluorometric determination of FEP blood concentration is probably less reliable, but sufficiently enough to be used for mass screening. We have furthermore investigated whether the FEP test could be used as a unique monitoring method for subclinical lead poisoning. Our findings indicate that FEP test can detect very early metabolic alterations, but it is not so suitable for determining lead absorption and should therefore be used in mass screening together with a dose indicator, such as blood lead concentration.