热毒清对内毒素所致家兔DIC氧自由基代谢的影响

采用内毒素所致家兔弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)为模型,观察热毒清是否具有抗自由基作用。实验表明,与模型组比较,热毒清组血清、肝匀浆和线粒体LPO含量以及血清和肝匀浆XOD活性均显著降低;而肝匀浆SOD以及肝匀浆和线粒体GSH-Px活性明显升高。结果提示热毒清能有效地拮抗内毒素DIC 病理过程中增多的自由基,并通过抑制自由基生成酶和增强自由基清除酶活性而起作用。从而部分解释了热毒清保护细胞器的作用机理。     

吻合血管尺动脉腕背支为蒂双叶皮瓣的临床应用

目的：探讨尺动脉腕背支为蒂开支与降支分别为营养血管制 双叶游离皮瓣在手指外伤中的应用。方法：9只成人新鲜上肢标本，左4只，右5只，于尺动脉腕背支起始处灌注红色乳胶，手术显微镜下解剖观察尺动脉腕支及其升支与降支起始，行程、分支及吻合情况，临床设计以尺动脉腕背支为蒂，腕背支的升支与降支分别为营养血管的双叶游离皮瓣修复单指皮肤全脱套伤8例，示中指及中环指背或指掌侧皮肤缺损7例。结果：临床应用15例，皮瓣全部成活，术后随访6-15个月，伤指外形及皮肤色质与健指相似，常侧远端指脂两点辨觉为3.2-6.1mm，运动功能按TAM系统标准评价；优6指，良8指，可4指。结论：尺动脉腕背支为蒂升支与降支分别为营养血管的双叶游离皮瓣，是修复单指皮肤全脱套伤及相邻两指背或掌侧皮肤的一种良好方法。     

不同食谱诱发地鼠形成两类不同胆石的实验研究

目的探讨两类不同食谱诱发叙利亚金黄地鼠形成胆石情况。方法采用高糖无脂饲料诱发幼年叙利亚金黄地鼠形成胆固醇结石（ＣＨＳ），用低蛋白高纤维素饲料诱发成年叙利亚金黄地鼠形成胆色素结石（ＰＳ）。结果６周后两组动物的成石率分别为７０．１％和８０．０％，死亡率分别为１５％和０，其结石的胆固醇含量分别为９２％±４．７％和１７％±３．８％。结论叙利亚金黄地鼠是研究两类胆石形成的良好实验动物之一。     

Studies on the Relationship between Production of Oxygen Free Radicals and Cardiac Failure of Coronary Artery Disease

<正> In this paper, the relationship between Oxygen Free Radicals（OFR） and cardiac failure of Coronary Artery Disease（CAD）was studied. The authors analyse the release of OFR, as measured by Lumin-dependent chemiluminescence, from the polymorphonuclear leukocytes（PMN）; the activity of plasma superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the concentration of malondialdehyde（MDA）in patients of CAD with heart failure. The results showed that compared with the health controls and the group of CAD without heart failure, the release of OFR in respiratory burst of the PMN stimulated with PMA（phorbol myristate acetate）and the concentration of MDA in plasma were significantly increased（p<0.05） and the activity of SOD was markedly lower（p<0.05）in the group of CAD with heart failure.It suggests that the enhanced production of OFR by PMN, the increased concen tration MDA in plasma and the decreased SOD might be associated with the genesis and development of cardiac failure, The use of agents that reduce the amount of OFR would be of value in the prevention and treatment of cardiac failure.     

Superoxide dismutase partially prevents sympathetic denervation by 6-hydroxydopamine

Summary The effects of superoxide dismutase (S.O.D.) in two models of chemical denervation induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) were studied.To evaluate the effects of S.O.D. on in vitro 6-OHDA-induced denervation, fragments of the lateral saphenous veins of mongrel dogs were pre-incubated in oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution with or without S.O.D. and then incubated under control conditions, with 6-OHDA or with 6-OHDA + S.O.D. Following the incubation period the fragments were repeatedly washed with Krebs solution and then used for determination of noradrenaline and for morphological study. 6-OHDA produced a profound depletion of noradrenaline. This depletion was significantly reduced although not prevented by S.O.D. The protective effect of S.O.D. was concentration-dependent. The ultrastructural study confirmed the 6-OHDA-induced sympathetic nerve degeneration as well as the protective effect afforded by S.O.D.In order to evaluate the effects of S.O.D. on in vivo 6-OHDA-induced denervation, male Wistar rats were anaesthetized and the tail vein cannulated. Saline or S.O.D. were intravenously delivered. 6-OHDA was injected five minutes after the beginning of infusions. Fragments of the left ventricle and vasa deferentia were used for determination of noradrenaline and for morphological study. 6-OHDA produced a significant depletion of noradrenaline in the left ventricle and vas deferens (to 8% and 18% of control values respectively). This depletion was reduced, though not prevented by S.O.D. Morphological data confirmed the neurotoxic effect of 6-OHDA and a protective role for S.O.D.In the concentration shown to afford protection against in vitro 6-OHDA-induced denervation, S.O.D. neither chemically inactivated 6-OHDA, nor did it exert any blocking effect on the neuronal uptake of ³H-noradrenaline. Thus, the protection afforded by S.O.D. against chemical denervation by 6-OHDA appears to be due to the free radical scavenging effect of S.O.D. Send offprint requests to A. Albino-Teixeira at the above address     

The free serratus anterior flap and its cutaneous component for face reconstruction: a series of 27 cases

SUMMARY The serratus anterior flap is commonly used without its cutaneous component and is covered with a skin graft. We have successfully used the free serratus anterior flap along with its skin paddle and have found it to be valuable for reconstruction of the face. We have done fresh cadaveric dissections and arteriography to identify perforator vessels to the skin overlying the muscle. Clinically, free transfer of the musculocutaneous flap to the face was carried out in 27 patients, mostly for severe noma (infection) sequellae. Anatomical dissection and arteriography revealed no cutaneous perforator vessels directly communicating with the vascular pedicle of the muscle. However, large perforators from the intercostal vessels were found passing through the muscle to reach the skin. In the clinical cases, flap survival was 100% in 24 patients. The serratus anterior musculocutaneous flap is reliable and particularly well-suited for reconstruction of the face with many advantages. We speculate that the skin paddle may be vascularised by perforators from the intercostal vessels communicating with the thoracodorsal pedicle through intramuscular choke vessels. Authors' address: B. Pittet, Div. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Cantonal Hospital, Rue Micheli-du-Crest 24, 1211 Geneve 14, Switzerland     

Relation between behaviorally augmented tolerance and upregulation of muscarinic receptors in the CNS: Effects of chronic administration of scopolamine

The present experiment was planned to provide information about relations between behaviorally augmented tolerance and accompanying upregulation of muscarinic receptors (mAChR) (physiological tolerance) in the CNS during chronic administration of the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine. Analyses of the data on mAChR binding established significant upregulation (B_max) had occurred in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of animals treated with scopolamine, but not of those in the saline or methylscopolamine groups. There were no treatment effects in affinity (K_D). The effect of scopolamine administered before a behavioral test session was to cause an acute decrease in FR₅ responding to water reinforcement, and hence in resulting water consumption. Animals immediately compensated for this decrement by higher response rates during a free drinking (FDR) period which followed. When scopolamine was injected between the FR₅ and FDR periods, FR₅ responding increased to compensate for the drug's effect on the FDR. There was evidence that physiological tolerance also occurred as indicated by a more slowly developing trend toward recovery of levels of behavioral responding related to mAChR upregulation, although full recovery to pretreatment baselines did not occur within the 25 days of chronic treatments. The results as a whole are consistent with a multifactorial model of tolerance development, to which both behavioral and neurochemical processes contribute.     

香烟主测流烟雾中主要致癌成分分析

本文分析了二种国内外代表性香烟主流烟雾中主要致癌成分:苯并(a)花、挥发性亚硝胺、粒相物自由基和致突变活性.说明了不同成分在主侧流中不同比例.其中二甲基亚硝胺在侧流中浓度几十倍于主流烟中浓度,苯并(a)芘有约五倍于主流烟中浓度.自由基和致突变活性在主侧流中浓度相近.结果与国外材料进行了比较。文中讨论了这些结果对吸烟健康研究的意义.     

预防给药对大鼠硫化氢吸入中毒肺脂质过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响

本文观察了DMAP、NaNO_2、VE、地塞米松、山莨菪碱对大鼠H_2S吸入中毒所致的肺脂质过氧化和天然抗氧化系统改变的预防作用。测定了H_2S中毒后6、12h肺组织及支气管肺泡灌洗液中的MDA,肺SOD,GSH和VE的含量。结果表明,给药组MDA含量显著低于中毒组,其中DMAP,VE和NaNO_2等组的MDA含量与正常无差异(但BALF中VE组,NaNO_2组含量高于正常对照水平,P<0.01)。各组SOD活性增强,GSH、VE的含量增加。上述结果提示这些药物均能在不同程度上降低H_2S中毒时肺自由基的含量。从而减轻因自由基含量升高而引起的肺损伤。提示DMAP,VE,NaNO_2,地塞米松,山莨菪碱等药对大鼠H_2S吸入中毒有预防作用,其中以DMAP,VE,NaNO_2的效果相对较好。     

The beneficial effect of superoxide dismutase on the rat liver graft

We performed orthotopic liver transplantation in male Wistar rats and investigated the effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the liver graft. Animals were divided into the four following experimental groups. Group I was an untreated control group, group II received oxygen, group III received SOD and group IV received both oxygen and SOD. The dose of SOD was 3 mg/kg which was injected intravenously into both donors and recipients during the operation. Oxygen was given through an oxygen inhaler to both donors and recipients during the operation. The preservation time of the liver graft ranged from 4 hours and 41 minutes to 5 hours and 40 minutes. The survival after liver transplantation was compared among groups I, II, III and IV. Group IV showed a significantly higher survival rate than groups I and II by two weeks after liver grafting, but there was no statistical difference in the survival rates between groups III and IV. These results indicate the beneficial effect of SOD on the rat liver graft and may implicate oxygen free radicals in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury in liver grafts.