抗棘球蚴药物研究:3-取代苯基-5-取代-1,2,4-噁二唑的合成

合成了3-取代苯基-5-取代-1,2,4-(口恶)二唑类化合物50个,经感染棘球蚴的小鼠初筛,部分化合物对棘球蚴有不同程度的作用,化合物13、28和30对棘球蚴的囊重抑制率分别为70、75.6和71.6%,其中化合物13对棘球蚴的生发层有损害作用。     

Heparin–coated circuit during cardiopulmonary bypass

A prospective randomized study was performed to investigate the effect of surface coating with covalently endpoint–attached heparin (Carmeda Bio Active Surface) and reduced general heparinization on haematological indices and complement C5 activation. Care was taken to optimize the rheological design of the system using centrifugal pump and a closed system without venting or machine suction. Twenty patients scheduled for aortocoronary bypass grafting (EF > 0.5) participated in the study. Ten patients were randomized to be treated with heparin–coated equipment (CBAS) and reduced i.v. heparin (1.5 mg kg^-1) while 10 patients treated with identical but noncoated equipment and full heparinization (3 mg–kg^-1) served in a Control group. A vacuum suction was used to collect the blood from the operating field and it was autotransfused at weaning from extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Blood samples were obtained from the venous (precircuit) and arterial (postcircuit) side. We used a new and very specific method for detection of C5a based on monoclonal antibodies. The concentration of C5a was low in both groups during the operation but a significant increase was seen on days 1 and 2. In the Control group there was an increase from 10.2 ngml^-1±1.2 to 27.5 ng ml^-1 ± 4.8 on day 2 and in the CBAS group from 10.7 ng ml^-1 ± 1.2 to 35.6 ng ml^-1 ± 11.6 on day 2 (NS between groups). The granulocytes and total leukocyte count increased at the end of ECC and was maintained at the elevated level throughout the study period. The amount of free haemoglobin was high in the autotransfused blood in both groups. The present results confirm the feasibility of reducing general heparin when using heparin–coated systems but the study does not support the superiority of such coating with regard to biocompatibility in short procedures with a Theologically optimized circuit. The potential benefit from reduced heparin and protamine has not been fully evaluated.     

C3 Deposition in IgA Nephropathy in Children and Adolescents

The aim of this study was to assess the significance of C3 deposition in IgA nephropathy in children and adolescents. One hundred and two patients aged 5–21 years (57 male and 45 female) were studied. The findings of C3 deposition were classified into 8 groups by immunofluorescent (IF) pattern and intensity as follows: group MC3+ (N = 12): mesangiocapillary pattern and 3+ in intensity; group MC2+ (N = 13): mesangiocapillary and 2+; group MC1 + (N = 4): mesangiocapillary and 1 +; group M3+ (N = 11): mesangial and 3+; group M2+ (N = 24): mesangial and 2+; group M1 + (N=18): mesangial 1 +; group S (N = 12): only segmentally positive; and group N (N = 8): negative. Histological changes were scored semiquantitatively as an activity index (cellular proliferation, necrosis, interstitial cell infiltration, and cellular crescents) and a chronicity index (mesangial sclerosis, segmental and global glomerular sclerosis, fibrous crescents, adhesion and tubulo-interstitial change). IF findings were scored semiquantitatively and laboratory findings were also studied. The following results were obtained: 1) The scores of total activity index in MC groups were higher than in the M, S or N groups, and the greater the degree of C3 deposition, the higher the score; 2) Such result was not evident in the chronicity index; 3) High IF scores of IgG and IgM were found in the MC3+ and MC2+ groups; 4) Hematuria was more severe in MC3+ and MC2+ than in other groups, and proteinuria was more prominent in the MC than other groups. Thus the degree of C3 deposition was parallel with histological activity and urinary findings.     

屈膝过程中的胫股运动特性分析

本文采用三维位移测量方法，测试１０例离体人膝标本的胫股关节三维运动特性。发现屈膝过程中，胫股运动也具有典型的三维运动特点。其中在屈膝初期的３０°内，胫骨内旋最明显并伴有胫骨内翻现象，平均内旋８°，内翻６－７ｍｍ，膝关节完全伸直时胫股扣锁使膝关节稳定，屈曲时胫股“解锁”使膝关节松弛，具重要的临床意义，同时提示，在解释传统的胫股扣锁现象时不应遗漏伴随发生的胫骨内／外翻现象。     

马桑内酯所致癫痫发作大鼠红细胞免疫粘附功能的研究

作者用红细胞Ｃ＿３ｂ受体花环试验和红细胞免疫复合物花环试验对马桑内酯所致癫痫发作大鼠红细胞免疫粘附功能的变化进行了观察，结果表明，癫痫组动物红细胞Ｃ＿３ｂ受体花环率明显低于对照组，而红细胞免疫复合物花环率相差不显著．提示癫痫发作可导致大鼠红细胞免疫粘附功能降低，因此在癫痫治疗中注意调整和增强患者的红细胞免疫功能具有重要意义。     

α-L-岩藻糖苷酶测定的临床应用

研究结果表明AFU测定对肝癌的诊断具有较高的敏感性和特异性，其价值优于AFP，两项指标联合检测可提高阳性检出率。动态监测有利于肝癌的早期诊断、鉴别诊断，并可作为转移、复发的指标，也可用于白血病及卵巢癌的诊断。     

Enhanced stimulus-reward learning by intra-amygdala administration of a D3 dopamine receptor agonist

The amygdala is considered to be a critical neural substrate underlying the formation of stimulus-reward associations, and is known to receive substantial innervation from dopaminergic neurons located within the ventral mesencephalon. However, relat- ively little is known about the function of the mesoamygdaloid dopamine projection in stimulus-reward learning. Recently, we have found post-session intra-amygdala microinjections of d-amphetamine to enhance appetitive Pavlovian conditioning as assessed in a discriminative approach task. In the present study, we have examined the effects of dopamine receptor agonists possessing relative selectivity for the D₁, D₂ and D₃ receptor subtypes in order to examine more fully the role of the mesoamygdaloid dopamine projection in stimulus-reward learning. Thus, subjects were trained to associate an initially neutral stimulus (CS⁺) with 10% sucrose reward (US). A second, control stimulus (CS⁻) was also presented but never paired with sucrose reward. In order to measure specifically the conditioned response to CS⁺/CS⁻ presentation, responding during CS and US presentations was measured separately. Immediately following each training session, subjects received bilateral intra-amygdala infusion of 0.1, 1 or 10 nmol/side of SKF-38393, quinpirole or 7-OH-DPAT. Infusions of SKF-38393 or quinpirole were without effect on CS⁺ approach. However, post-session intra-amygdala infusions of 7-OH-DPAT enhanced selectively CS⁺ approach in a dose-dependent fashion. No dose of any drug affected CS⁻approach, US behaviours, or measures of extraneous behaviour. Subsequent acquisition of a novel conditioned instrumental response was also unaffected. Thus, the present data indicate a selective involvement of the D₃ dopamine receptor subtype in the modulation of stimulus-reward learning by the mesoamygdaloid dopamine projection. Received: 12 December 1996 / Final version: 9 April 1997     

Experimental Studyon Anti－tumor Effect of SplenocytesInduced by Anti－CD3McAb，PHA and IL－2

（沈张悦）（邵静芳）（王晓林）（朱慧芬）ＥｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＡｎｔｉ－ｔｕｍｏｒＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＳｐｌｅｎｏｃｙｔｅｓＩｎｄｕｃｅｄｂｙＡｎｔｉ－ＣＤ３ＭｃＡｂ，ＰＨＡａｎｄＩＬ－２￥ＳＨＥＮＧｕａｎ－ｘｉｎ，ＷＡＮＧＸｉａｏ－ｌｉ...     

俯卧拍背法缓解胆绞痛的临床观察及护理

本文采用俯卧拍背法缓解胆绞痛４１例，其中２３例经此法治疗后疼痛立即消失（５６．１％）；１５例明显缓解（３６．６％）；３例缓解不明显（７．３％）。具有操作简便、安全，易被患者接受，值得推广。     

肠溶阿斯匹林剂量和血阿斯匹林及水杨酸盐浓度与药效关系探讨

本文探讨了ＡＳＡ剂量与药效的关系及血ＡＳＡ、ＳＡ药物浓度监测的临床意义，结果表明：（１）ＡＳＡ剂量与６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）抑制率呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），而与ＴＸＢ_２及ＰＡｇＲ抑制率无相关性（Ｐ＞０．１）；（２）本文采用ＨＰＬＣ内标法同时测定血ＡＳＡ和ＳＡ浓度，结果准确，方法简便；（３）当口服小剂量ＡＳＡ防治ＣＩ时，监测血ＡＳＡ和ＳＡ以调整ＡＳＡ用药剂量的临床价值并非十分重要。