护理风险预警机制在慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝衰竭病人护理中的应用效果

目的:探讨护理风险预警机制在慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭病人护理中的应用效果。方法:选取2018年1月—2019年12月我院收治的104例慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭病人,按照病人入院顺序,并采用单双号抽签方式分为对照组和观察组,各52例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组临床护理中引入护理风险预警机制,对比两组肝功能指标、并发症发生情况、护理满意度、护理质量评分、护理缺陷评分及住院时间。结果:干预后,两组肝功能指标均有所改善,且观察组下降幅度较对照组大(P<0.001);观察组与对照组并发症发生率分别为7.69%、25.00%,观察组与对照组总满意度分别为96.15%、76.92%,观察组病人护理质量评分高于对照组,护理缺陷评分及住院时间低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:将护理风险预警机制用于慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭病人的临床护理中,有利于改善病人肝功能指标,减少并发症及护理缺陷,提高护理满意度,提升护理质量,缩短病人住院时间。     

心肌炎的免疫学作用机制

病毒感染引起的心肌炎临床最为常见,其中半数以上由柯萨奇B组病毒所致。然而,迄今为止,其发病机制尚未完全明了,病毒感染对心肌细胞的直接损伤作用及病毒介导的免疫损伤作用是目前认为最有可能的机制,因此,了解心肌炎的免疫学机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

糖皮质激素性高眼压小梁网病理改变及相关分子机制进展

糖皮质激素性高眼压(GIOH)是一种由糖皮质激素引起的高眼压。长期处于GIOH状态,可能会导致视神经损害和视野缺损,最终发展成糖皮质激素性青光眼(GIG),可能致盲。糖皮质激素主要通过介导糖皮质激素受体(GR)发挥生物学作用,同时还涉及到转化生长因子(TGF)-β、Wnt、Rho等因素在GIOH的形成中的作用。深入探讨GIOH小梁网的病理改变及相关分子机制对于理解GIOH的发病机制和治疗提供了重要的理论依据。因此文章就GIOH小梁网的病理改变及相关分子机制进行综述,旨在为进一步研究GIOH的病理机制及治疗提供理论依据。     

Study on Autolytic Mechanism and Self-Healing Properties of Autolytic Clinker Microsphere in Alkaline Environment

In this study, the autolytic clinker microsphere with clinker as core and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as coating film was prepared. Pretreatment of clinker with silane coupling agent was firstly processed during the preparation. To investigate the autolytic mechanism, the microstructures of the autolytic clinker microsphere at different curing ages were observed using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The autolytic stages were also identified based on the microstructural evolution. The influence of pretreatment degree on autolytic behavior was also studied by measurements of micro-morphology and isothermal calorimetry. Experimental results indicated that the compressive strength recovery of specimens was increased by 15–19% due to the addition of autolytic clinker microspheres. The recovery of compressive strength was also improved with the increase of pH value. The improvements in compressive strength recovery of specimens with microspheres were in the range of 15–19%, 15–31%, 25–36%, and 29–50% with the pH value of 7, 8, 10, and 12, respectively. It was also found that inner damage of cement-based matrix had greater recovery when pre-cracked specimens were cured in alkaline environments.     

A First-Principles Study on the Hydration Behavior of (MgO)n Clusters and the Effect Mechanism of Anti-Hydration Agents

Magnesia-based refractory is widely used in high-temperature industries; its easy hydration is, however, a key concern in refractory processing. Understanding the hydration mechanism of MgO will help in solving its hydration problem. Herein, the hydration behavior of (MgO)_n (n = 1–6) at the molecular level and the effect mechanisms of several anti-hydration agents on the hydration of (MgO)₄ were investigated with first-principles calculations. The results indicated that the following: (1) The smaller the (MgO)_n cluster size, the more favorable the hydration of MgO and the tendency to convert into Mg(OH)₂ crystal; (2) Anti-hydration agents can coordinate with the unsaturated Mg atom of (MgO)₄ to form a bond, increasing the coordination number of Mg, thus reducing its activity when reacting with H₂O; (3) The greater the number of −COOH groups and the longer the chain length in the anti-hydration agents, the better its effect of inhibiting the hydration of MgO. These findings could enhance the understanding of the mechanism of hydration of MgO and provide theoretical guidance for the design of novel anti-hydration agents.     

水凝胶的生物力学研究进展

水凝胶是生物医用领域的重要生物材料,也是近年来的研究热点。但人体内的细胞与组织的微环境和调控机制非常复杂,水凝胶应用于再生修复领域仍存在一些待解决的科学问题。随着生物力学的发展,越来越多的研究者发现除了关注水凝胶的材料学及生物学特性以外,其生物力学特性也是调控细胞功能、影响组织再生修复的关键因素之一。因此,本文总结了水凝胶材料的生物力学研究进展,并对未来的研究工作进行了展望。     

基于胰腺纤维化微环境探讨中医药防治慢性胰腺炎的机制

从胰腺纤维化的微环境出发,综述了多种细胞在慢性胰腺炎发病中的作用,以及中医药防治慢性胰腺炎的相关机制.中医药可通过调节细胞外基质的过度产生和降解,抑制胰腺星状细胞的活化、腺泡细胞的凋亡、炎症细胞的浸润和炎性因子的释放来减缓胰腺纤维化,从而达到防治慢性胰腺炎的目的,为慢性胰腺炎的临床治疗提供参考.     

形成性评价在《医用生物数学》课程评价中的应用

在《医用生物数学》课程的教学中应用形成性评价指标体系,侧重于对学生的全面评价和激励其学习的积极性;评价内容包括课堂表现、学习策略、自主学习能力的形成及提高、网络互动等;实施中把形成性评价与期末终结性考核评价相结合。该评价方式可以促使学生自主学习,综合评定学生的学习过程,取得良好效果。     

基于网络药理学预测射干治疗支气管哮喘作用机制

目的:基于网络药理学预测射干治疗支气管哮喘的作用机制。方法:通过中药系统药理学技术平台(TCMSP)检索射干化学成分,Swiss Target Prediction数据库得到射干的预测靶点,通过Gene Cards数据库获取哮喘相关靶点将射干的预测靶点与哮喘相关靶点进行映射得到射干治疗哮喘的预测靶点。通过Cytoscape(3.6.0)软件,生成射干治疗哮喘的蛋白与蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络。通过DAVID网站(基因百科全书)进行KEGG通路分析,运用systems Dock网站对预测靶标与其对应的成分进行分子对接。结果:射干活性化合物有17种,筛选出射干可能与哮喘相关的靶点74个,关键靶点共16个,包括雌激素受体α(ESR1)、蛋白激酶C-α(PRKCA)、醛糖还原酶(AR)、蛋白激酶C-delta(PRKCD)、蛋白质激酶C-β(PRKCB)等。通过KEGG通路分析得到128条通路,结合文献检索,筛选出治疗哮喘的可能通路为20条,主要分为以下四类,①气道炎症相关通路:PI3K-Akt信号通路、趋化因子信号通路、MAPK信号通路等;②气道平滑肌相关通路:Ras信号通路、Hippo信号通路、钙信号通路等;③血管增生相关通路:VEGF信号通路;④免疫相关通路:T细胞受体信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路。结论:射干通过多靶点、多通路治疗哮喘,其机制可能与气道炎症相关通路、气道平滑肌相关通路、血管增生相关通路、免疫相关通路的作用相关。     

基于黄酮成分吸收代谢的炙淫羊藿炮制机制研究

淫羊藿为传统补益类中药,经羊脂油炙后可增强温肾助阳的作用。以往文献对淫羊藿的炮制研究主要集中在化学成分变化和药理药效变化2个方面,本课题组创新性从黄酮成分吸收代谢角度,并基于活性成分转化-肠吸收屏障网络耦联作用研究炙淫羊藿的炮制机制。炙淫羊藿炮制作用分为炮制过程“热”和炮制辅料“羊脂油”的作用2个关键环节,课题组通过连续承担3项国家自然科学基金项目,从ADME角度着重阐明了炙淫羊藿炮制过程中“热”的作用与科学内涵,并首次提出基于“自组装胶束”体内形成机制阐述炮制辅料“羊脂油”的作用与增效机制。该文就课题组多年来对炙淫羊藿炮制机制的研究思路和成果进行总结,并对后续的研究方向和内容进行展望,以期为现代中药炮制机制研究提供新思路与新方法。