胃溃疡穿孔修补术在基层医院的应用再探讨

目的探讨胃溃疡穿孔修补术在基层医院的应用。方法回顾性分析我院外科2006年1月—2011年12月47例胃溃疡穿孔行修补术患者的临床资料。结果 47例均进行了穿孔修补术,其中45例行电话和门诊检查随访,随访时间为6个月~36个月,无1例发生癌变。结论在基层医院单纯修补术仍是胃溃疡穿孔的主要手术方法,但是必须严格掌握手术指征,彻底性手术仍不能摒弃,临床医师要权衡利弊选择最佳治疗方案,并严格执行随访制度。     

Streptokinase may play role in expanding non-operative management of infected walled off pancreatic necrosis: Preliminary results

Goals and backgroundWe evaluated ex and in vivo effect of streptokinase on pancreatic necrosum to improve the success rate of pigtail catheter drainage and irrigation in infected walled off pancreatic necrosis using step up approach and also looked at potential risk of bleeding.Experiment and clinical cases1000 IU/ml of streptokinase was added to 10 g. of intra-operatively obtained fresh tissue of peripancreatic necrosis and results compared to treatment with saline. Mixture was incubated for 12 h in thermostat at 37.5 °C and subjected to histopathology. Subsequently streptokinase (50,000 units thrice a day for 5 days through PCD) was used in two patients with walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) not responding to step up approach and who were being considered for surgery.Grossly there was fragmentation of necrosum in streptokinase treated tissue. Microscopically complete loss of supportive collagenous framework was noted in streptokinase treated necrosum with clumping of necrotic tissue into structure-less mass. No such changes were discernible in saline treated tissue. In two patients with WOPN there was clearance of debris after streptokinase instillation. None of the patients was on thromboprophylaxis and bleeding was not noticed in any of the patients.ConclusionBased on ex vivo effect of streptokinase in dissolution of necrosum at periphery, we believe that in patients with walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) not responding to pigtail catheter drainage and saline irrigation; streptokinase may prove to be useful adjunct.     

Alterations in corneal nerves in different subtypes of dry eye disease: An in vivo confocal microscopy study

PurposeTo evaluate corneal subbasal nerve alterations in evaporative and aqueous-deficient dry eye disease (DED) as compared to controls.MethodsIn this retrospective, cross-sectional, controlled study, eyes with a tear break-up time of less than 10 s were classified as DED. Those with an anesthetized Schirmer's strip of less than 5 mm were classified as aqueous-deficient DED. Three representative in vivo confocal microscopy images were graded for each subject for total, main, and branch nerve density and numbers.ResultsCompared to 42 healthy subjects (42 eyes), the 70 patients with DED (139 eyes) showed lower total (18,579.0 ± 687.7 μm/mm² vs. 21,014.7 ± 706.5, p = 0.026) and main (7,718.9 ± 273.9 vs. 9,561.4 ± 369.8, p < 0.001) nerve density, as well as lower total (15.5 ± 0.7/frame vs. 20.5 ± 1.3, p = 0.001), main (3.0 ± 0.1 vs. 3.8 ± 0.2, p = 0.001) and branch (12.5 ± 0.7 vs. 16.5 ± 1.2, p = 0.004) nerve numbers. Compared to the evaporative DED group, the aqueous-deficient DED group showed reduced total nerve density (19,969.9 ± 830.7 vs. 15,942.2 ± 1,135.7, p = 0.006), branch nerve density (11,964.9 ± 749.8 vs. 8,765.9 ± 798.5, p = 0.006), total nerves number (16.9 ± 0.8/frame vs. 13.0 ± 1.2, p = 0.002), and branch nerve number (13.8 ± 0.8 vs. 10.2 ± 1.1, p = 0.002).ConclusionsPatients with DED demonstrate compromised corneal subbasal nerves, which is more pronounced in aqueous-deficient DED. This suggests a role for neurosensory abnormalities in the pathophysiology of DED.     

经静脉置入埋藏式心律转复除颤器的临床随访

对 1 0例经静脉置入埋藏式心律转复除颤器 (ICD)的恶性室性心律失常患者进行随访 ,观察ICD的治疗效果。男 6例、女 4例 ,年龄 5 6.9± 1 3.3( 30～ 70 )岁。基础心脏病为冠心病 6例、心肌病 3例、先天性长QT综合征 1例。所有患者均经临床证实有室性心动过速或 /和心室颤动。ICD具有多项治疗及信息储存记忆功能。随访时通过体外程控仪调出ICD储存的资料进行分析。结果 :随访 2 9.3± 2 0 .4( 8～ 64)个月 ,7例患者分别接受了抗心动过速起搏、电转复及电除颤治疗。 2例患者因窦性心动过速、阵发性心房颤动 ,ICD给予误治疗。 1例患者术后 3年发生电极断裂。结论 :常规进行随访和设定合适的诊断和治疗参数 ,对保证ICD及时有效的治疗至关重要。     

Carcinoma of the distal and middle bile duct: surgical results,prognostic factors,and long-term follow-up

Background/Purpose

Carcinoma of the distal bile duct is associated with poor prognosis. Surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment. We conducted a retrospective study to identify prognostic factors determining longterm survival.

Methods

From 1990 to 2006, 95 patients with distal and/or middle bile duct carcinoma had resections. Fifty-four patients underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (57%) and 41 patients underwent standard Kausch-Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy (43%). Nine patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy including portal vein resection (9%).

Results

Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 60%, 36%, and 29%, respectively. Five-year survival after R0 resection was 34%, and after R1 resection it was 0%. Four patients died during their hospital stay (4%). Multivariate analysis showed negative resection margins (P = 0.040), lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.036), and portal vein infiltration (P = 0.027) as strong predictors for survival, whereas the location of the tumor (distal bile duct vs middle bile duct) and lymph node status were not identified as independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions

Five-year survival depends strongly on negative resection margins, independent of nodal status. Portal vein resections in patients with portal vein involvement fail to ameliorate long-term survival. Primary tumor site — middle bile duct or distal bile duct — did not determine prognosis.