Clinical Review of Wegener's Granulomatosis

The prognosis of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) improved following the introduction of immunosuppressant agents. We, however, still experience some difficult cases that are resistant to treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment may improve the prognosis of WG. We reviewed patients with WG attending the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kitasato University Hospital. Of the 13 patients reviewed, 5 are still alive. A definite diagnosis was difficult to make without the presence of certain characteristic features. Recently, cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (c-ANCA) has gained importance in the diagnosis of WG and five of our patients were positive for c-ANCA. Close long-term follow-up of WG is recommended: remission was observed in two of our patients and side-effects of the treatment were identified in four.     

经静脉安置埋藏式心脏复律除颤器的临床应用

目的　评价埋藏式心脏复律除颤器 (ICD)的治疗作用。方法　反复发作室性心动过速 (VT)患者安装 ICD,并随访 18个月。结果　术中测得除颤阻抗为 5 9欧 ,除颤阈值 <10 J。术后复发室性心动过速 ,均经 ICD治疗成功转复室性心律 ,有效率 10 0 %。结论　 ICD能有效转复恶性心律失常     

40例夜惊患儿父母的咨询和随访

目的探索对夜惊患儿的父母咨询和行为治疗途径。方法对40例确诊为夜惊的患儿采用有针对性的父母咨询和计划唤醒的方法,并随访观察治疗效果。结果咨询前患儿夜惊平均发作次数为(3.85±0.97)次/周,咨询后平均发作次数为(0.58±0.10)次/周,两者比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.654,P<0.01)。结论有针对性的父母咨询和计划唤醒对治疗夜惊患儿有良好的效果,可作为临床对夜惊患儿干预的可行方法。     

胸锁乳突肌下端切除术治疗肌性斜颈的疗效

目的评价胸锁乳突肌下端切除术治疗肌性斜颈(musculartorticollis,MT)的疗效。方法1992年以来应用胸锁乳突肌下端切断术治疗MT126例,经6个月～8年随访60例。年龄2～17例,平均8.5岁。从功能和美容两方面进行了术前和术后评估。结果优良率达90%,其中2～7岁组优良率达100%。结论胸锁乳突肌下端切断术治疗MT仍是简单、方便、并发症少、疗效高的传统方法。     

院外综合管理对支气管肺发育不良极早产儿近期预后的影响

目的 通过与非支气管肺发育不良(BPD)极早产儿进行对比,探讨院外综合管理对BPD极早产儿近期预后的影响。方法 选取2013年1月-2014年10月于中山大学附属第一医院出生并收住新生儿重症监护室(NICU)、存活时间≥28 d的极早产儿为研究对象,按有无合并BPD分为BPD组及非BPD组。对患儿出院后均进行规范随访及早期干预,比较两组患儿体格和神经系统发育情况、呼吸道症状发生率和再住院次数。结果 符合入选标准有76例极早产儿,其中BPD患儿39例,BPD发生率51.3%。两组均无死亡、失明及脑瘫患儿。BPD组纠正3、6月龄及12月龄时体重、身长完成追赶性生长比例与非BPD组相仿(P≥0.05),但头围的追赶性生长较非BPD组差(P<0.05)。BPD组合并肺炎次数、哮喘发作次数、再入院次数明显高于非BPD组(P<0.05)。结论 院外综合管理可改善BPD极早产儿预后,有助于促进其追赶性生长及减少神经系统不良预后,达到非BPD极早产儿水平,但未能降低其呼吸道症状发生率。     

Neuromuscular and biomechanical landing alterations persist in athletes returning to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACLR) athletes show increased hamstrings activation and decreased knee flexion moments (KFMs) during single leg landing tasks at time of return-to-sport (RTS). Although these landing alterations seem protective in the short term, they might become undesirable if they persist after RTS. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate whether those landing alterations persist in the months following RTS.MethodsSixteen athletes who had an ACLR performed five unilateral landing tasks at three different time points (at RTS, and at 3 and 6 months after RTS) while KFMs and hamstrings activation were recorded. The following clinical parameters were registered: isokinetic strength of quadriceps and hamstrings, ACL return-to-sport after injury scale (ACL-RSI), Tampa scale of kinesiophobia, self-reported instability and single leg hop distance. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess whether landing deficits changed over time. Additionally, an explorative analysis was performed to assess whether those athletes whose deficits persisted the most could be identified based on baseline clinical parameters.ResultsThe ANOVA showed no differences in landing deficits between sessions, indicating persisting reduced KFMs and increased hamstrings activation in the injured leg compared with the contralateral leg. A significant improvement of the quadriceps concentric strength (at 120°/s), ACL-RSI score and jump distance of the single leg hop was found over time.ConclusionsLanding alterations were not resolved 6 months after RTS. Additional interventions may be needed to normalize landing alterations prior to return to sport.     

Dr PK Sen TAI gold medal oration

The current write-up is for Dr P.K.Sen TAI Gold Medal Oration Award for 2020 conferred to Dr Rupak Singla and delivered on 19 th December 2020. The title chosen for the oration was “Introduction and scale up of new anti-TB drugs in India: role of NITRD.? However, in the oration the role this institute has played for overall scale up of Drug-resistant TB services in India under National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) at different times from the beginning of national TB programme has also been presented. National Institute of TB and Respiratory Diseases has travelled with our country from beginning of DR-TB care. It demonstrated for the first time use of a Standardized Treatment Regimen with second line drugs for MDR-TB in field conditions. NITRD assisted NTEP for the concept of DST guided treatment. This institute guided NTEP for the management of MDR-TB failure patients with Pre-XDR and XDR-TB. Also, NITRD assisted India for the introduction of newer DR-TB drugs and scale up of newer drugs across the country. The strength of NITRD include clinical expertise, laboratory support and training division. NITRD commitment is strong and will continue to support NTEP for all endeavors in future also.     

药师随访助力慢性心衰患者药物治疗管理

目的 建立慢性心衰患者药师门急诊随访管理体系,探讨药师指导患者规范化药物治疗的效果。方法 在首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院及内蒙古通辽市第二人民医院建立门急诊心衰患者药师随访体系,医师与药师共同制定慢性心衰患者个体化的药物治疗方案,分别评价肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（renin-angiotensin-aldosteronesystem,RAAS）抑制药及β受体阻滞药使用整体情况及用量达靶剂量的比率,治疗前后患者心功能及心脏结构变化情况、生化指标变化、安全性等。结果 随访患者RAAS抑制剂和β受体阻滞药用量达靶剂量的比率均为80.0%。规范化药物治疗后患者心功能较治疗前显著改善;初始左室舒张末期内径（left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVEDD）增大的患者治疗后左室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fractions,LVEF）显著升高,LVEDD显著减小。药师随访干预后患者心率、血压、NT-proBNP、白蛋白、血钾水平指标较干预前显著改善。随访期间3例患者因恶性心衰死亡,其余患者无一过症状性低血压发生,耐受良好。结论 建立门急诊慢性心衰患者药师随访指导患者规范化药物治疗,大部分患者RAAS抑制药及β受体阻滞药等药物用量能达到指南推荐的靶剂量,并获得满意临床疗效及安全性。     

儿童及少年期首发精神障碍患者的随访

目的了解儿童及少年期情感障碍和精神分裂症的临床特征.方法收集1984年至1999年之间在本院就诊患者中符合DSM-Ⅲ情感障碍和精神分裂症诊断的儿童及少年期首次发作病例64例,年龄5～17岁.入组时进行基线评定,然后长期随访.至随访结束,对两组疾病进行对照分析.结果58例（91%）完成随访,平均随访时间12.4年.儿童少年期入组诊断为情感障碍者36例,至成年随访结束时,92%诊断为情感障碍,8%诊断为精神分裂症;儿童少年期入组诊断为精神分裂症者22例,至成年随访结束时,32%诊断为情感障碍,68%诊断为精神分裂症.儿童少年期情感障碍患者在成年期诊断为精神分裂症者明显高于精神分裂症患者修改诊断为情感障碍（χ^2=22.852,P＜0.001）.儿童少年期精神障碍至成年期的诊断一致性较低（Kappa=0.62）.儿童及少年期发作的情感障碍与精神分裂症比较,起病年龄低、发作次数少、社会关系良好和较好的社会功能.情感障碍的精神症状多与精神分裂症重叠,但精神分裂症出现频率较高的情感不协调、注意力分散、关系妄想、情感迟钝、被洞悉感等症状,在情感障碍患者中始终未存在.结论儿童及少年期的情感障碍在症状学上与精神分裂症有许多相似之处,是导致误诊的重要原因.但儿童少年期精神分裂症存在的一些核心症状可能是两者鉴别诊断的症状学指标.