北京市海淀区流动人口生殖健康知识与性行为调查分析

目的了解北京市海淀区流动人口生殖健康知识、性行为基本情况,为后期的干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法选择调查对象,用自行编制的调查问卷进行匿名问卷调查。结果流动人口性知识知晓率较低,3项相关问题的全部正确率为5.3%。首次性行为的年龄为21.4岁,已婚者和未婚者在常用的避孕方法存在差异;有过性行为的调查对象中48.5%的人在最近一次性行为中使用了安全套,多因素分析发现影响安全套使用的主要因素有年龄(OR=1.89,95%C:I 1.23-2.92)、婚姻(OR=2.23,95%C:I 1.38-3.61)、文化程度(OR=1.48,95%C:I 1.03-2.11)、避孕和艾滋病相关知识(OR=2.51,95%C:I 1.67-3.78)。结论有必要加大对流动人口生殖健康知识的健康教育,提高流动人口基本健康素养,减少不安全性行为的发生。     

流动人口未婚女性生殖健康认知调查与分析

目的:通过对流动人口未婚女性生殖健康知识认知调查,了解社区保健中存在的一些薄弱环节,为有关部门制定适宜的生殖健康服务内容提供依据。方法:采用自行设计的流动人口未婚女性生殖健康调查表对广州、重庆、武汉3市主城区打工的流动人口未婚女性进行一对一的问卷调查。结果:流动人口未婚女性生殖健康知识贫乏,对一些常规生殖保健知识和避孕方法了解甚少。结论:应该在流动人口未婚女性中进行广泛的生殖健康知识及避孕知识宣传,减少意外妊娠和降低人工流产率,以提高该群体的生殖健康水平。     

流动人口艾滋病防治知识和感染率调查

[目的]为了解流动人口对于艾滋病防治知识的掌握程度及感染率,便于制定对流动人口艾滋病预防的干预措施。[方法]随机调查某市工厂、餐饮及KTV等娱乐场所的流动人口1000名。年龄17～40岁,中位年龄32.5岁。采用自行设计调查表,调查形式采用匿名现场填写。同时给予被调查者抽血检测人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染情况。[结果]教育程度在高中以上者与在高中以下者对艾滋病传播途径和艾滋病预防知识的了解差异性显著,经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。收入在1500元以上者与在1500元以下者对艾滋病传播途径和艾滋病预防知识的了解差异性显著,经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。常接触媒体宣传者与不常接触媒体宣传者对艾滋病传播途径和艾滋病预防知识的了解差异性显著,经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。对艾滋病传播途径和艾滋病预防知识了解者与不了解者,感染率差异性显著,经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。[结论]对于流动的人群,应该加大艾滋病防治知识的宣传力度,宣传的形式也应该多样化,内容要利于理解。     

Tailored treatment in the outpatient substance abuse treatment sector: 1995-2005

Interest in improving the quality of addiction treatment has led to the development of clinical paradigms that emphasize the principle of tailored care-matching treatments to the specific needs of each client or client subgroup. This work analyzes how trends in the provision of tailored treatment practices (TTPs) have changed between 1995 and 2005 across outpatient substance abuse treatment (OSAT) programs in the United States. Categories of interest include measures to capture needs assessment and treatment planning activities, treatment offerings for special populations, and case management activities. Results show that TTPs have diffused in an uneven fashion in the population of OSAT programs between 1995 and 2005. Specifically, needs assessment/treatment planning and case management remain a relatively common practice among OSAT programs, while treatment for special populations (especially same-race therapy) is less widely practiced and, indeed, experienced some decline over the study period. This trend is troublesome given that minority clients constitute a large proportion of those utilizing OSAT programs.     

A social vaccine? Social and structural contexts of HIV vaccine acceptability among most-at-risk populations in Thailand

Abstract

A safe and efficacious preventive HIV vaccine would be a tremendous asset for low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, which bear the greatest global impact of AIDS. Nevertheless, substantial gaps between clinical trial efficacy and real-world effectiveness of already licensed vaccines demonstrate that availability does not guarantee uptake. In order to advance an implementation science of HIV vaccines centred on LMIC settings, we explored sociocultural and structural contexts of HIV vaccine acceptability among most-at-risk populations in Thailand, the site of the largest HIV vaccine trial ever conducted. Cross-cutting challenges for HIV vaccine uptake – social stigma, discrimination in healthcare settings and out-of-pocket vaccine cost – emerged in addition to population-specific barriers and opportunities. A ‘social vaccine’ describes broad sociocultural and structural interventions – culturally relevant vaccine promotion galvanised by communitarian norms, mitigating anti-gay, anti-injecting drug user and HIV-related stigma, combating discrimination in healthcare, decriminalising adult sex work and injecting drug use and providing vaccine cost subsidies – that create an enabling environment for HIV vaccine uptake among most-at-risk populations. By approaching culturally relevant social and structural interventions as integral mechanisms to the success of new HIV prevention technologies, biomedical advances may be leveraged in renewed opportunities to promote and optimise combination prevention.     

北京市丰台区流动已婚育龄妇女生殖道感染、相关知识及求医行为调查

目的 调查流动已婚育龄妇女的生殖道感染(RTI)现状、求医行为及相关知识。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法调查2069人，采用统一方法进行问卷调查、妇科检查和实验室检验。结果 北京市丰台区流动育龄妇女RTI总患病率为30．3％(626／2069)，其中细菌性阴道病、念珠菌性阴道炎、滴虫性阴道炎的患病率分别为22．2％、4．9％、2．1％，衣原体感染、淋病、尖锐湿疣、梅毒的患病率分别为2．1％、1．6％、0．5％、0．2％。RTI患者中只有43．1％(270／626)的人自我报告有生殖道感染的症状，而56．9％(356／626)的患者自我报告无任何症状。在有症状的患者中求医的比例只有61．5％(166／270)。结论 流动育龄已婚妇女RTI患病率较高，RTI患者中无症状比例高，就诊意识差，缺乏RTI相关防治知识，计划生育机构应通过各种途径进行宣教和提供RTI防治服务。     

流动人口生殖健康公共服务的内涵及政策分析

对我国流动人口生殖健康公共服务的内涵及我国流动人口生殖健康公共服务的相关政策法规进行了分析,并且从人力资源、经费投入及相关政策法规3个方面,分析了当前我国流动人口生殖健康公共服务存在的问题,并提出了促进我国流动人口生殖健康公共服务供给的建议。     

Curriculum recommendations of the AACP-PSSC task force on caring for the underserved

A task force was convened by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) and the Pharmaceutical Services Support Center (PSSC) and charged with the development of a curriculum framework to guide pharmacy programs in educating students on caring for the underserved. Utilizing a literature-based model, the task force constructed a framework that delineated evidence-based practice, clinical prevention and health promotion, health systems and policy, and community aspects of practice. Specific learning outcomes tailored to underserved populations were crafted and linked to resources readily available to the academy.     

广州市番禺区流动人口性病干预情况分析

目的 了解对番禺区流动人口实施性病行为干预的效果,为性病防治工作提供理论依据.方法 随机调查番禺区超过100人的大型工厂5个、建筑工地5个的流动人口作为研究对象,对调查对象开展健康教育和安全套推广,比较干预前后流动人口的性病相关知识知晓率、安全套使用率和4种性病(淋病、沙眼衣原体、尖锐湿疣和梅毒)的感染率.结果 干预后的流动人口性病相关知识知晓率有明显升高,从干预前的51.68％上升到干预后的91.24％;淋病感染率从干预前的2.40％下降到干预后的1.90％,沙眼衣原体感染率从干预前的9.76％下降到干预后的6.65％,尖锐湿疣感染率从干预前的7.99％下降到干预后的5.06％,梅毒感染率从干预前的3.55％下降到干预后的2.22％.结论 对番禺区流动人口进行性病的健康教育和行为干预成效显著.