2007年南阳市HIV抗体监测结果分析

目的：了解南阳市各类人群HIV感染状况和传播方式，为制定HIV控制策略和措施提供依据。方法：对2007年南阳市各类人群监测结果建立数据库，进行综合分析。结果：共检测各类人群血清标本2651人，HIV阳性率15．01％．阳性者仍以既往有偿采供血这一行为有关。在性病就诊者中、劳教人员监测中均发现存在艾滋病传播的危险因素。结论：我们的核心工作仍为控制既往有偿采供血这一人群引发的婚内性传播和母婴传播，同时要加强对高危人群、重点人群的监测，有针对性地开展宣传，有效遏制艾滋病的传播。     

流动人口获取免费避孕药具情况及影响因素分析

目的:了解流动人口获取免费避孕药具情况,包括获取途径、药具的种类、影响获取因素和障碍。方法:于2007年3~8月,在深圳市的两个计划生育服务中心,随机抽取目前不使用长效避孕措施的育龄流动人口,进行问卷调查,收回有效问卷2 849份。结果:61.5%的流动人口报告计生服务站为最主要的获取途径,其次是社区工作站占22.3%,大部分流动人口(95.4%)领取的是避孕套。多因素分析显示非农村(2χ=7.904,P=0.006)、未婚(2χ=435.410,P=0.000)、<25岁(2χ=216.795,P=0.000)、白领(2χ=161.759,P=0.000)以及收入<1 000元(2χ=41.583,P=0.000)的流动人口与是否领取免费避孕药具有关;不好意思去领取是最大的障碍占近40%,其次是不方便领取(33.7%)。结论:流动人口主要从计生服务站领取避孕套,其中非农村、未婚、<25岁、白领以及收入<1 000元的流动人口领取免费避孕药具的比例较低,流动人口中可能存在不好意思领取免费避孕药具等障碍。说明需要提供具有针对性的药具发放服务。     

Metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori in an urban Asian population

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori eradication is the mainstay in the treatment of H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease. Metronidazole is an important component in most eradication regimens. However, the presence of metronidazole-resistant H. pylori adversely affects the efficacy of such regimens. We aimed to study the prevalence of metronidazole resistance in our population, and the factors associated with its presence. METHODS AND RESULTS: From September 1993 to September 1996, 459 H. pylori isolates were collected and analysed. The overall resistance rate was 62.7%. The rate was significantly higher among women compared with men (P < 0.05). When the results were analysed according to each year, there was a significant increase in the resistance rate from 50.5% in the first year to 72.7% in the third year (P = 0.0039). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant rise in the prevalence of metronidazole resistance over a 3-year period. The presence of metronidazole resistance adversely affects the eradication rates of nitroimidazole-based regimens. Hence, in a population with a high prevalence of metronidazole resistance, the use of non-nitroimidazole-based therapy may be more efficacious. This information on resistance rates is important for the empirical choice of antibiotic against H. pylori in a population.     

灰色预测模型对流动人口疟疾的分析

目的应用灰色模型预测江苏省流动人口疟疾发病趋势。方法采用2000-2004年江苏省流动人口间日疟发病人数建模建立的流动人口间日疟病例的数学模型：Y⌒（t）=333.48e^0.2277（t-1）-257.483进行拟合分析。结果经对模型进行拟合检验,C=0.155,P〉0.95,模型拟合好,可用作外推预测。对2005年江苏省间日疟发病人数进行外推,估计流动人口间日疟发病人数为210例,经回代验证当年实际发病人数为188例,误差率为10.5%。结论江苏省流动人口疟疾发病人数呈上升态势,为防止疫情传播和扩散,应加强对流动人口的疟疾管理。     

Non-government organisations to combine for work on chronic disease in Aboriginal peoples, Torres Strait Islanders and rural and remote populations

ABSTRACT: As a result of the National Health Priority Area Report on Cardiovascular Health and in particular, its remote and indigenous section, a consortium of five organisations ran a national workshop in Townsville in October 1999 on heart disease in Aboriginal peoples, Torres Strait Islanders and rural and remote populations. One of the priority areas identified at this workshop was the need for a more coordinated approach to chronic diseases and for the formation of an alliance of non-government organisations (NGOs) to work towards this and to undertake a lobbying and advocacy role. A meeting of a wide range of NGOs working in chronic disease, led by the National Heart Foundation of Australia, was held in Sydney in May 2000. At the Sydney meeting it was agreed that an alliance of NGOs could be formed for the development of a chronic disease strategy for Aboriginal peoples, Torres Strait Islanders and rural and remote populations. The NGOs drafted a 'Statement of Intent', which would inform their work on both heart disease and on broader work to address chronic preventable disease in the target populations. There is a considerable amount of procedural work to be done before the proposed alliance becomes a reality but the prospect of closer collaboration between the NGOs working in chronic disease has much to offer, especially for the population groups that were the focus of the Townsville workshop. This 'alliance' initiative comes at a time when there are national and State/Territory moves on broader aspects of what could become a 'national chronic disease prevention and management strategy'.     

Genetic variability at 14 STR loci in the Puna population of north western Argentina

Frequency data of the short tandem repeat (STR) loci D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, HUMTH01, D4S243, D18S535, HUMF13A1 and D12S391 were determined in the Puna population (Andean region from north western Argentina). In this study, 5 out of the 14 loci did not meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The excess of homozygotes observed in most of the markers could be due to a Wahlund effect and/or inbreeding. The frequencies were significantly different from those of other compared populations from Europe and America. Forensic parameters indicated that the 14 loci studied in the Puna region are highly discriminating, but the lack of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in some of the markers must be taken into account in the application of these results to paternity and forensic casework. Received: 3 January 2001 / Accepted: 20 September 2001     

流动人口肺结核社区干预的效果分析

目的 用生存质量Qol量表测评肺结核（TB）流动人口社区干预的效果。方法运用SF-36量表等调查表，对20个干预社区403例流动人口活动性肺TB，进行Qol测量和社区干预效果评价。结果社区干预后，流动肺TB患者的平均SF-36总评分及8个分项目的评分比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；肺结核KAP评分和BIP评分均大幅提高（P〈0．01）；主要影响因素包括工作及居住环境、劳动强度、生活方式、营养饮食、健康教育和家庭支持。结论社区干预是有效地防治肺结核病的必要手段之一，运用生存质量测评指导社区干预的规划、实施和效果评价，是一种简便、可行、高效的方法。     

2004年盐城经济开发区部分流动儿童计划免疫工作调查

[目的]了解盐城经济开发区流动儿童计划免疫工作现状及影响因素，进一步完善流动儿童计划免疫管理措施。[方法]2004年9月对经济开发区计划免疫适龄流动儿童的免疫接种情况采用挨家挨户拉网式进行一次走访调查。[结果]开发区流动儿童建簿率为81．7％，建证率为77．3％，按免疫程序全部完成接种的占66．8％。[结论]开发区流动儿童免疫接种率比较低，主要影响因素为接种收费。     

双侧大型浮动性骨瓣治疗重型脑外伤术后弥漫性脑肿胀27例

目的探讨重型颅脑外伤手术治疗的效果，减少并发症的发生。方法通过对48例重型颅脑外伤弥漫性脑肿胀有手术指征者随机分两组进行手术，研究组27例采用双侧大型浮动性骨瓣减压术和对照组21例采用去大冠状骨瓣减压术治疗术后脑肿胀进行对比分析其预后及并发症，为脑外伤的治疗提供新的观点。结果两种方法的预后无明显差别p〉0．05（x^2=0．965），但研究组的并发症明显低于对照组p〈0．01（x^2=60．703）。结论双侧大型浮动性骨瓣减压术适用于大部分需去骨瓣减压术的患者，且并发症明显低于对照组。     

半夏种内不同居群花粉粒形态比较研究

目的:研究半夏不同居群的花粉粒形态特征,以便为进一步研究半夏的遗传多样性提供孢粉学资料。方法:借助扫描电镜对栽培在同一生境下的18个半夏居群的花粉形态、大小及表面纹饰等特征进行观测比较。结果与讨论:半夏各居群的花粉粒大小存在较大的差异:17个有珠芽半夏居群花粉粒的平均值为17.42μm×14.86μm,其中花粉粒最大的姜堰居群为20.43μm×18.16μm,而最小的沛县居群仅有15.23μm×12.82μm,灵谷寺无珠芽半夏居群的花粉粒大小明显小于所有有珠芽半夏居群,仅有13.23μm×11.98μm;各半夏居群花粉粒表面均具刺状突起,但刺的长短、疏密及刺端和刺基变化因居群不同而有所不同;半夏花粉粒可能为有孔盖萌发孔类型。