Non-government organisations to combine for work on chronic disease in Aboriginal peoples, Torres Strait Islanders and rural and remote populations

ABSTRACT: As a result of the National Health Priority Area Report on Cardiovascular Health and in particular, its remote and indigenous section, a consortium of five organisations ran a national workshop in Townsville in October 1999 on heart disease in Aboriginal peoples, Torres Strait Islanders and rural and remote populations. One of the priority areas identified at this workshop was the need for a more coordinated approach to chronic diseases and for the formation of an alliance of non-government organisations (NGOs) to work towards this and to undertake a lobbying and advocacy role. A meeting of a wide range of NGOs working in chronic disease, led by the National Heart Foundation of Australia, was held in Sydney in May 2000. At the Sydney meeting it was agreed that an alliance of NGOs could be formed for the development of a chronic disease strategy for Aboriginal peoples, Torres Strait Islanders and rural and remote populations. The NGOs drafted a 'Statement of Intent', which would inform their work on both heart disease and on broader work to address chronic preventable disease in the target populations. There is a considerable amount of procedural work to be done before the proposed alliance becomes a reality but the prospect of closer collaboration between the NGOs working in chronic disease has much to offer, especially for the population groups that were the focus of the Townsville workshop. This 'alliance' initiative comes at a time when there are national and State/Territory moves on broader aspects of what could become a 'national chronic disease prevention and management strategy'.     

Genetic variability at 14 STR loci in the Puna population of north western Argentina

Frequency data of the short tandem repeat (STR) loci D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, HUMTH01, D4S243, D18S535, HUMF13A1 and D12S391 were determined in the Puna population (Andean region from north western Argentina). In this study, 5 out of the 14 loci did not meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The excess of homozygotes observed in most of the markers could be due to a Wahlund effect and/or inbreeding. The frequencies were significantly different from those of other compared populations from Europe and America. Forensic parameters indicated that the 14 loci studied in the Puna region are highly discriminating, but the lack of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in some of the markers must be taken into account in the application of these results to paternity and forensic casework. Received: 3 January 2001 / Accepted: 20 September 2001     

2004年盐城经济开发区部分流动儿童计划免疫工作调查

[目的]了解盐城经济开发区流动儿童计划免疫工作现状及影响因素，进一步完善流动儿童计划免疫管理措施。[方法]2004年9月对经济开发区计划免疫适龄流动儿童的免疫接种情况采用挨家挨户拉网式进行一次走访调查。[结果]开发区流动儿童建簿率为81．7％，建证率为77．3％，按免疫程序全部完成接种的占66．8％。[结论]开发区流动儿童免疫接种率比较低，主要影响因素为接种收费。     

双侧大型浮动性骨瓣治疗重型脑外伤术后弥漫性脑肿胀27例

目的探讨重型颅脑外伤手术治疗的效果，减少并发症的发生。方法通过对48例重型颅脑外伤弥漫性脑肿胀有手术指征者随机分两组进行手术，研究组27例采用双侧大型浮动性骨瓣减压术和对照组21例采用去大冠状骨瓣减压术治疗术后脑肿胀进行对比分析其预后及并发症，为脑外伤的治疗提供新的观点。结果两种方法的预后无明显差别p〉0．05（x^2=0．965），但研究组的并发症明显低于对照组p〈0．01（x^2=60．703）。结论双侧大型浮动性骨瓣减压术适用于大部分需去骨瓣减压术的患者，且并发症明显低于对照组。     

流动人口生殖健康服务质量评价指标体系的构建原则

为了保障流动人口生殖健康服务质量评价目标的现实，科学合理地构建评价指标体系是关键所在。文章首先阐明了流动人口生殖健康服务质量评价的理论基础——三环节理论，及运用该理论的依据；分析了当前卫生服务质，量评价指标体系的发展趋势。井以此为基础，探讨本项目指标体系的构建原则，包括系统全面性原则、目的性原则、科学性原则、可操作性原则、定量与定性相结合原则等。最后根据指标体系目标、理论基础和构建原则确定了指标框架。为具体三级指标的制定打下基础。     

国外流动人口公共卫生管理的模式、经验与启示

目的：比较分析主要发达国家和部分发展中国家对流动人口的公共卫生管理模式，为改进与完善北京市流动人口管理政策提供借鉴。方法：采用文献综述与对比分析法。从政策变迁、政策主体、政策执行、政策资源这四个维度分析各国流动人口公共卫生政策。结果：政府发挥主导作用，卫生服务保持较高公平性，城市流动人口管理服务计划完备，信息系统完备畅通，医疗保障制度较为健全，社会力量对流动（迁移）人口公共卫生服务管理参与程度较高。结论：应确立政府主导地位；建立多部门信息共享的信息系统；完善各种服务制度；调动社区资源参与流动人口公共卫生工作。     

上海市彭浦镇外来人员就医行为调查分析

目的通过调查了解彭浦镇外来常住人员的健康状况及其求医行为，找出其中存在的问题，分析影响求医行为的因素，为改善外来人员的求医行为提供信息，为彭浦镇外来人口的管理提供政策依据。方法根据所要收集的指标设计调查问卷，对样本人群进行问卷调查，采用分层抽样方法对数据进行分析。结果调查对象的平均年龄为33．99岁，青壮年为主；其中被调查者的文化水平较低，高中以下者占80％；职业主要为劳力型工种，占38．89％；多数被调查者无基本医疗保险，占本次调查者的63．33％。外来人员患病后多采取到药店买药进行治疗，小病或症状较轻时多采取不治疗，仅有12.22％的人去医院诊治。结论由于外来人员属于低收入且无医疗保障人群，虽然在患病后症状加重时想就医，但是限于经济和社会环境，患病就医者仍处低水平。因此，加强健康教育，政府提供相应医疗保障措施是改善外来人员就医状况的关键。     

浮动髋的治疗(附11例报告)

浮动髋系同侧骨盆骨折和股骨骨折。我院自1985年以来收治浮动髋11例。按Tile分类,骨盆骨折A_1型1例,A_2型3例,B_1型1例,B_2型2例,C_2型2例,C_3型2例。同侧股骨干骨折8例,股骨粗隆间骨折2例,股骨颈骨折1例。骨盆骨折均给予保守治疗,下肢骨折内固定4例,保守治疗7例。9例获平均4年的随访,结果优6例,良2例,差1例。     

Rapid quantitation of mixed red cell populations using flow cytometry

Methods are described for the identification and quantitation of mixed red cell populations using flow cytometry. Antibodies specific for a wide range of blood group antigens have been used and examples are given in which these analyses have proved to be of clinical use. These examples include monitoring of erythropoiesis following engraftment in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients and the detection of chimaeric states months or years after transplantation. The techniques involved are fast, simple and inexpensive.     

用人时测量发病率存在问题分析

目前用人时测量发病率的方法考虑了动态人群的流动数量及观察时间。但是,没有考虑人群的流动速度对发病率的影响。本文分析了流行平衡的动态人群的流动速度(V)与人群平均暴露时间(t′)的关系,导出公式(t′)=1/V,即人群流动速度与平均暴露时间成反比。据此,本文认为在暴露时间长短对发病率有影响的情况下,不考虑人群的流动速度,直接用目前人时计算方法测量发病率可能造成偏差。