中国2012年18~59岁就业流动人口红肉摄入情况分析

目的 掌握中国就业流动人口红肉摄入水平和超标率。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,利用半定量食物频率表膳食调查法分析中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)和新疆生产建设兵团170个县(区、团)中48 511名18~59岁就业流动人口的红肉摄入情况。对数据进行复杂加权后,计算不同人口学特征的流动人口日均红肉摄入量和超标率。结果 (1)样本人群日均红肉摄入量为125.9(95%CI:116.5~132.5)g,男性高于女性,分别为141.6(95%CI:131.3~148.9)g和104.7(95%CI:95.8~111.2)g,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。未发现红肉摄入量随年龄、文化程度、BMI的变化趋势(趋势检验P值均>0.05)。按照2010年人口普查数据标化后,标化日均红肉摄入量为121.0(95%CI:113.4~128.7)g。(2)样本人群日均红肉摄入超标率为36.2%(95%CI:33.0%~39.3%),男性远高于女性,分别为42.4%(95%CI:38.9%~45.8%)和27.8%(95%CI:27.1%~31.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男女性别人群均为30~39岁组超标率最高,分别为43.5%(95%CI:39.7%~47.4%)和30.1%(95%CI:26.5%~33.9%)。标化日均红肉摄入超标率为34.6%(95%CI:31.9%~38.0%)。结论 中国就业流动人口日均红肉摄入量超过世界癌症基金会推荐的标准,摄入量和摄入超标率均高于当地常住人口。     

Nurses’ perceptions on the skills,knowledge, and attributes required to provide healthcare to people experiencing homelessness in Australia: A qualitative study

BackgroundPeople experiencing homelessness have unmet healthcare needs often related to chronic health conditions and injury. Nurses are often the first and only point of contact for people experiencing homelessness accessing healthcare. However, education that prepares them to meet the needs of this vulnerable population is limited.AimTo qualitatively explore nurses’ perceptions on the skills, knowledge, and attributes required to provide healthcare to people experiencing homelessness in Australia that could underpin an educational pathway.DesignSemi-structured interviews with registered nurses and nurse practitioners.MethodsParticipants of a national survey were invited to undertake an interview. Interview data were analysed thematically and reported here in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.FindingsThe registered nurses (n = 11) and nurse practitioners (n = 6) had varying levels of experience providing care for homeless Australians. Overarching themes that arose from the registered nurse and nurse practitioner participants included equitable access to care, knowledge around homelessness, contribution of nursing, and nurses’ role. However, nurse practitioners had a greater sense of agency and empowerment to enact care, while registered nurses perceived being underprepared and overwhelmed by the unmet needs of people experiencing homelessness.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that nursing practice holds opportunities to improve access and care provision for people experiencing homelessness. Capitalising on these opportunities requires that nurses are educationally prepared with the skills, knowledge, and attributes to meet the needs of this vulnerable population without necessarily becoming nurse practitioners. These findings will be used to underpin the development of an educational pathway for nurses to enhance their response to homeless populations.     

The implications of late-life cannabis use on brain health: A mapping review and implications for future research

While medical and recreational cannabis use is becoming more frequent among older adults, the neurocognitive consequences of cannabis use in this age group are unclear. The aim of this literature review was to synthesize and evaluate the current knowledge on the association of cannabis use during older-adulthood with cognitive function and brain aging. We reviewed the literature from old animal models and human studies, focusing on the link between use of cannabis in middle- and old-age and cognition. The report highlights the gap in knowledge on cannabis use in late-life and cognitive health, and discusses the limited findings in the context of substantial changes in attitudes and policies. Furthermore, we outline possible theoretical mechanisms and propose recommendations for future research.The limited evidence on this important topic suggests that use in older ages may not be linked with poorer cognitive performance, thus detrimental effects of early-life cannabis use may not translate to use in older ages. Rather, use in old ages may be associated with improved brain health, in accordance with the known neuroprotective properties of several cannabinoids. Yet, firm conclusions cannot be drawn from the current evidence-base due to lack of research with strong methodological designs.     

High viral suppression and low attrition in healthy HIV-infected patients initiated on ART with CD4 above 500 cells/µL in a program setting in Uganda

BackgroundThe World Health Organization recommends antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-infected patients at all CD4 counts. However, there are concerns that asymptomatic patients may have poorer viral suppression and high attrition.ObjectivesWe sought to determine attrition and viral suppression among healthy HIV-infected patients initiated on ART in program settings.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled ART-experienced patients attending two PEPFAR-supported, high-volume clinics in Kampala, Uganda. Eligible patients were >18 years and had completed at least six months on ART. Participants were interviewed on socio-demographics, ART history and plasma viral load (VL) determined using Abbott Real-time. Predictors of viral suppression (<75 copies/ml) were determined using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 267 participants were screened, 228 were eligible and 203 (89%) retained in care (visit within 90 days). Of the 203 participants, 115 (56.7%) were key-populations. Viral suppression was achieved in 173 patients (85%; 95% CI, 80.3%–90.1%). The factors associated with viral suppression were prior VL tests (AOR 6.98; p-value <0.001) and receiving care from a general clinic (AOR 5.41; p=0.009).ConclusionAsymptomatic patients initiated on ART with high baseline CD4 counts, achieve high viral suppression with low risk of attrition. VL monitoring and clinic type are associated with viral suppression.     

Diversity of human lip prints: a collaborative study of ethnically distinct world populations

Background: Cheiloscopy is a comparatively recent counterpart to the long established dactyloscopic studies. Ethnic variability of these lip groove patterns has not yet been explored.

Aim: This study was a collaborative effort aimed at establishing cheiloscopic variations amongst modern human populations from four geographically and culturally far removed nations: India, Saudi Arabia, Spain and Nigeria.

Subjects and methods: Lip prints from a total of 754 subjects were collected and each was divided into four equal quadrants. The patterns were classified into six regular types (A–F), while some patterns which could not be fitted into the regular ones were segregated into G groups (G-0, G-1, G-2). Furthermore, co-dominance of more than one pattern type in a single quadrant forced us to identify the combination (COM, G-COM) patterns.

Results and conclusion: The remarkable feature noted after compilation of the data included pattern C (a bifurcate/branched prototype extending the entire height of the lip) being a frequent feature of the lips of all the populations studied, save for the Nigerian population in which it was completely absent and which showed a tendency for pattern A (a vertical linear groove) and a significantly higher susceptibility for combination (COM) patterns. Chi-square test and correspondence analysis applied to the frequency of patterns appearing in the defined topographical areas indicated a significant variation for the populations studied.     

浮膝损伤的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗浮膝损伤的疗效.方法 将13例浮膝损伤,按Fraser分型方法分为4型.Ⅰ型7例,Ⅱa型3例,Ⅱb型2例,Ⅱc型1例.所有病人均行手术复位固定,术后早期功能锻炼.结果 术后随访1～3年.疗效评定采用Karlstrom和Olerud标准.优8例,良2例,可1例,差2例.结论 对浮膝损伤的手术治疗,视全身及局部情况选择适当的内固定或外固定器,其中交锁髓内钉内固定效果好.     

鄂州市实施儿童预防接种信息化管理系统建设效果分析

目的对鄂州市全面实施儿童预防接种信息化管理。方法采用《中国儿童免疫接种信息管理系统》软件,全面建立儿童预防接种个案数据库,通过磁卡识别系统进行接种。结果共建立儿童接种档案31062人,占应建人数的99.86%,流动人口已建222人,占应建的96.10%,与信息化管理前比较有显著性意义(u=3.37,P<0.05),常住儿童接种率与信息化管理前比较无显著性意义,但流动人口接种率与信息化管理前接种率比较有显著性意义(u=8.14,P<0.05)。结论实施网络化管理后提高了流动人口儿童接种率,有效地解决了流动人口异地接种难的问题,同时通过先进的服务系统及时为儿童家长提供接种信息,有效地防止了漏种、错种和重复接种现象的发生。儿童预防接种信息化管理也是我国今后发展的必然方向。     

A Prospective Study Evaluating Factors Affecting Functional Outcome in Patients with Floating Elbow Injury

BackgroundFloating elbow injuries are complex injuries. Due to frequent association with severe soft tissue injuries and polytrauma, they have unpredictable functional outcome. This prospective study is aimed to evaluate the factors affecting functional outcome.MethodsThirty patients with floating elbow injuries were treated at a level 1 trauma center from July 2018 to June 2019 with minimum follow-up of 9 months. The outcome was assessed by disability for arm shoulder and hand score (DASH) and mayo elbow performance score (MEPS).ResultsThe overall incidence was 16.09 per 1000, mostly caused by road traffic accidents and all cases were managed surgically. Age, gender, education, occupation, arm dominance, and mechanism of injury did not significantly affect the outcomes. Open fractures and patients requiring staged procedure were associated with poorer outcomes (p < 0.05); however, delay in surgery for more than 24 h significantly increased the rate of complications. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of patients who had nerve injury pre operatively and post operatively on the final outcome.ConclusionFloating elbow injuries are relatively rare but nowadays the numbers are on the rise. Timely intervention with a multimodal approach and well-supervised rehabilitation can assure better final outcome.