Endobronchial metastasis from prostate cancer

We report a case of endobronchial metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma. A patient with a history of prostate cancer under complete androgen blockade presented to the respiratory department complaining of dyspnea and dry coughing. Flexible bronchoscopy showed multiple polypoid lesions in the tracheobronchial tree and the immunohistochemical studies on the biopsy specimen determined the diagnosis. The patient was treated with paclitaxel, estramustine phosphate and carboplatine, and experienced symptoms suppression. To our knowledge, this is the first case of endobronchial metastasis of a patient with androgen refractory prostate cancer without any evidence of extrathoracic metastasis. The current report also emphasises the need for a multidisciplinary approach for cases of endobronchial metastases, with the collaboration of pneumologists, urologists, pathologists and oncologists.     

Flexible intramedullary nailing for distal femoral fractures in patients with myopathies

Purpose  

Distal femoral fractures are quite common in nonambulating patients with myopathies, as they present marked osteoporosis. The deterioration of preexisting knee flexion contracture is a known problem, as these fractures are usually angulated posteriorly. The goals of treatment are to reduce immobilization and bed rest to a minimum, prevent function loss, and prevent refracture. The aim of our work was to investigate if these goals can be achieved by an operative treatment with closed reduction and flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN).     

Spalling and Sorption of Tubing for Peristaltic Pumps

Available tubing for peristaltic pumps tend to shed particulates into the solution due to their poor abrasion characteristics. Most commonly used flexible tubing is silicone rubber or polyvinyl chloride (Tygon®) tubing. Two newly available tubing are manufactured from a composite of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon® PTFE) with platinum-cured silicone rubber (Sta-Pure®) and a tubing composite of PTFE with fluoroelastomer (Chem-Sure®). These are claimed to resist spalling and deliver constant volume when used in peristaltic pumps. The four tubing were compared for spallation. They were also compared for sorption of methylparaben, propylparaben, and benzyl alcohol over a 72 hr study. Spallation studies indicate that Tygon and silicone tubing are prone to damage and shedding of particulates due to abrasion during use in peristaltic pumps while the Chem-Sure and Sta-Pure tubing are resistant to abrasion and spalling and show negligible shedding of particulates over 72 hr use in the peristaltic pump. Chem-Sure shows no spalling after 48 hr. Decrease in volume delivered is expected using Tygon and silicone tubing only. Chem-Sure tubing did not show any preservative losses. Tygon sorbed all preservatives tested to the greatest extent, followed by Silastic® and Sta-Pure tubing, in decreasing order of sorption. Propylparaben was sorbed to the greatest extent. The tubing used appear to approach saturation in 24–48 hr. Chem-Sure and Sta-Pure tubing are ideal for use in peristaltic pumps or for general use for any demanding pharmaceutical applications.     

输尿管镜在泌尿外科中的应用

目的探讨输尿管镜在泌尿系疾病诊治中的价值。方法回顾性分析2000年1月-2004年10月应用输尿管镜诊断和治疗的513例患者的临床资料。结果手术成功497例，失败16例，总的成功率为96．90％；输尿管镜用于单纯诊断38例，用于治疗输尿管疾病459例，其中输尿管结石331例，输尿管狭窄24例，医源性输尿节双J管滞留46例，尿道狭窄5例，尿道结石11例，逆行输尿管插管、双J管置入共42例。发生并发症例7例，占1.41％。结论输尿管镜应用范围广，对输尿管疾病的诊断与治疗有很大价值。     

软性膀胱镜在高原复杂性肾结石中的应用价值

目的:提高高原多发性肾结石的治疗效果。方法:1993~2004 年将软性膀胱镜在术中经肾盂切口进入探察并处理肾盂、肾盏内残余结石,共治疗复杂性肾结石患者35例,并将该组残石率与另35 例常规肾盂切开取石手术组比较。结果:应用软性膀胱镜的35例中,5例出现残余结石,残石发生率为14.3%;而对照组19 例出现残余结石,残石发生率为54.3%,两组有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:在处理复杂性肾盂切开取石中,配合纤维膀胱镜能有效预防结石残留,并具有简便、安全、经济、并发症少等优点。     

不同途径腔内碎石治疗输尿管上段嵌顿结石的疗效对比

目的 探讨腔内碎石治疗输尿管上段嵌顿结石的最佳途径。方法 将94例体外冲击波碎石（ESWL）失败的输尿管上段嵌顿结石患者随机分组，50例采用经尿道输尿管镜碎石（URL），44例经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜碎石（MPCNL），并对临床资料进行比较。结果 URL组术后1周结石清除率22．00％。其余病例均因结石或较大碎石漂移到肾内而需联合ESWL，联合ESWL后1个月结石清除率为96．00％。MPCNL组术后1周结石清除率为95．45％，1个月结石清除率为97．73％。其中1例血尿明显，持续8d后停止。结论 MPCNL治疗输尿管上段嵌顿结石疗效更佳，结石清除率高。单用URL治疗效果较差，而联合ESWL可达到满意效果。     

输尿管肾镜下钬激光治疗肾结石

目的 探讨输尿管镜下钬激光治疗肾结石的疗效及适应症。方法 采用输尿管肾孟镜下钬激光碎石治疗肾结石50例。其中结石位上盏9例，中盏4例，肾孟结石36例，铸形结石7例，合并输尿管结石5例。结果 一次性碎石率78％(39／50)。手术时间24～95min，平均为51min，术后住院l～10d，平均3．2d，并发脓肾1例，水中毒2例。结论 输尿管硬镜下钬激光治疗肾结石安全有效，并发症少。但须掌握其适应症，对复杂性肾结石宜采取分步骤、较为谨慎的方法。     

超声电子膀胱软镜在泌尿系疾病诊疗中的动物模型研究

目的 探讨超声电子膀胱软镜应用于泌尿系疾病诊疗的可行性. 方法 采用1 ～2岁雌性巴马香猪4只为实验模型,以超声支气管镜为雏形,通过B超模式观察不同膀胱充盈量下膀胱各层结构声像图,通过彩色多普勒超声模式观察膀胱周围重要血管的声像图,初步总结超声电子膀胱软镜的操作技巧和难点.采用专用一次性抽吸式活检针进行内镜超声引导下分层定位穿刺活检,活检组织送病理以验证超声分层定位的准确性,探讨超声电子膀胱软镜下穿刺的有效性和安全性. 结果 超声膀胱镜可同步显示内镜图像和超声图像.香猪膀胱充盈90 ml时,超声内镜下膀胱壁黏膜及黏膜下层、肌层、浆膜层层次清晰可辨并有助于穿刺针的分层定位,多普勒超声模式下,膀胱周围血管血流信号明显,超声引导穿刺可避免发生血管及周嗣脏器误伤.16处穿刺点送检组织病理结果与超声分层定位吻合. 结论 超声电子膀胱软镜诊断治疗泌尿系疾病安全可行,配套器械有待进一步改进.     

Lumbar interbody fusion: a parametric investigation of a novel cage design with and without posterior instrumentation

Introduction  

A finite element model of the L4-L5 human segment was employed to carry out a parametric biomechanical investigation of lumbar interbody fusion with a novel “sandwich” cage having an inner stiff core and two softer layers in the areas close to the endplates, with and without posterior fixation.     

Learning curve of minimally invasive two-port laparoscopic myomectomy

Background and Objects:

To examine the learning curve of minimally invasive 2-port total laparoscopic myomectomy (TTLM).

Methods:

TTLM was performed by using only umbilicus and left inguinal ports, for 30 patients at our university affiliated hospital between May 2009 and February 2010. The times required for each of the 5 surgical phases of the early and late cases performed by the same surgeon were compared by using a DVD time counter.

Results:

The mean surgical time was 82.5±5.2 minutes, blood loss was 42.1±7.5mL, and weight of specimen was 65.3±13.3g. The eighth case was the first in which the surgical time fell below the overall mean surgical time. Comparison of the mean time of each phase between the 7 early and the subsequent (late) cases revealed significant differences in the times required for suturing.

Conclusions:

Although this was a feasibility study, the results suggest that this technique can be mastered after 7 cases.Learning curve, Suturing.