Calcium inhibits promotion by hot dog of 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced mucin‐depleted foci in rat colon

Epidemiology suggests that processed meat is associated with colorectal cancer risk, but few experimental studies support this association. We have shown that a model of cured meat made in a pilot workshop promotes preneoplastic lesions, mucin‐depleted foci (MDF) in the colon of rats. This study had two aims: to check if real store‐bought processed meats also promote MDF, and to test if calcium carbonate, which suppresses heme‐induced promotion, can suppress promotion by processed meat. A 14‐day study was done to test the effect of nine purchased cured meats on fecal and urinary biomarkers associated with heme‐induced carcinogenesis promotion. Fecal water from rats given hot dog or fermented raw dry sausage was particularly cytotoxic. These two cured meats were thus given to rats pretreated with 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine, to evaluate their effect on colorectal carcinogenesis. After a 100‐days feeding period, fecal apparent total N‐nitroso compounds (ATNC) were assayed and colons were scored for MDF. Hot dog diet increased fecal ATNC and the number of MDF per colon compared with the no‐meat control diet (3.0 ± 1.7 vs. 1.2 ± 1.4, p < 0.05). In a third study, addition of calcium carbonate (150 µmol/g) to the hot dog diet decreased the number of MDF/colon and fecal ATNC compared with the hot dog diet without calcium carbonate (1.2 ± 1.1 vs. 2.3 ± 1.4, respectively, p < 0.05). This is the first experimental evidence that a widely consumed processed meat promotes colon carcinogenesis in rats. It also shows that dietary prevention of this detrimental effect is possible.     

Measurement of deoxyinosine adduct: Can it be a reliable tool to assess oxidative or nitrosative DNA damage?

Adenosine deaminases (ADA) are key enzymes that deaminate adenosine (A) or deoxyadenosine (dA) and produce inosine or deoxyinosine (dI), respectively. While ADA only deaminates free dA, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) deaminate adenine base on the DNA and leave dI, which is a pre-mutagenic lesion. Therefore, dI adduct in the genomic DNA has been considered a biomarker of DNA damage caused by RNS or by ROS.     

3‐year follow‐up of 100 consecutive coronary bifurcation lesions treated with Taxus stents and the crush technique

Objectives : To determine the 3 year safety and efficacy of crush‐stenting with paclitaxel‐eluting stents. Background : The optimum two‐stent strategy for treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions is undetermined. Crush‐stenting is advocated to minimize restenosis through complete circumferential stent coverage; long‐term follow‐up data are lacking. Methods and Results : In a single center prospective registry, 100 consecutive patients with bifurcation lesions were treated with the Crush technique. The vast majority (93%) were true bifurcations, predominantly involving the left anterior descending and diagonal arteries. Technical success was 98%. Final kissing balloon dilatation, which became standard practice during the study, was attempted in 68 patients and successful in 51. Abciximab was used in all cases. There were no peri‐procedural stent thromboses. Follow‐up was 100% at 3 years. Symptom‐driven target lesion revascularisation was 8% at 3 years. Cumulative 3‐year major adverse cardiac events was 28% (7 cardiac deaths, 15 myocardial infarctions, 11 target vessel revascularisations). Absence of a final kissing inflation predicted repeat revascularisation but not death, infarction or stent thrombosis. Three probable stent thromboses occurred, of which two were very late. Conclusion : Where a two‐stent bifurcation strategy is required, Crush‐stenting with paclitaxel‐eluting stents is safe and effective in the long‐term. Failure to perform a final kissing dilatation increases the likelihood of revascularisation but not other adverse events. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Role of tissue harmonic imaging in focal hepatic lesions: comparison with conventional sonography

Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare iissue harmonic imaging (THI) and conventional sonography in focal hepatic lesions. Methods: Fifty patients with focal hepatic lesions were enrolled for study. Conventional grayscale and THI was performed in all the patients and two sets of images of the lesions were recorded (one each for THI and conventional) and assessed for fluid–solid differentiation, detail and overall image quality. These images were compared with conventional sonographic images and graded better, same or worse as per the case. Lesions were confirmed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)/surgery/other modalities such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Out of 50 patients with focal hepatic lesions, 21 patients had metastatic lesions (two single; 19 multiple) five patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), five patients had hydatid cysts, nine had simple hepatic cyst whereas five patients had liver abscess, three had focal fatty infiltration; and lymphoma and hemangioma were seen in one patient each. The first observer ranked THI better than standard sonography in 40 patients (80%) for fluid–solid differentiation, in 38 (76%) for detail and in 39 (78%) for overall image quality. The second observer ranked THI better than standard sonography in 39 patients (78%) for fluid–solid differentiation, in 40 (80%) for detail and in 42 (84%) for overall image quality. Tissue harmonic imaging provided additional information in eight patients (16%) and resulted in treatment alteration in three patients (6%). Conclusion: Tissue harmonic imaging was significantly better than conventional sonography for fluid–solid differentiation, detail and total image quality in focal hepatic lesions, especially in obese patients and patients with poor acoustic window.     

Genetic inactivation of Nrf2 prevents clonal expansion of initiated cells in a nutritional model of rat hepatocarcinogenesis

1. Download high-res image (161KB)
2. Download full-size image

     

川崎病与支原体感染的相关性研究

目的研究川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)与支原体感染(Mycoplasma pneumomiae,MP)的相关性。方法回顾性分析2012年3月~2014年2月于我院被确诊为KD的84例患儿的病历资料,其中按照患者是否有支原体感染分为观察组和对照组。观察组KD患者为有支原体感染(43例),对照组KD患者无MP感染(41例)。对两组患者分别进行血白细胞计数(WBC)、超敏C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、血红蛋白(HB)以及血小板计数(PLT)的检测和分析。对两组患者是否存在冠脉损伤进行分析比较。结果观察组无冠脉损伤者占34.9%(15/43),明显低于对照组的58.5%(24/41),观察组冠脉损伤者占比65.1%(28/43),显著高于对照组的41.5%(17/41),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的CRP指标水平为(68.9±14.7)mg/L,明显高于对照组的(52.8±8.2)mg/L,观察组的ESR指标水平为(42.6±15.9)mm/h,显著高于对照组的(21.6±6.1)mm/h,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MP感染为KD的病因之一,MP感染与患者冠脉损伤呈正相关,MP感染引起的免疫介导损伤和炎症反应是发生KD的重要途径。     

牙线牵引辅助在内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管早癌及癌前病变中的应用

目的初步探讨牙线在内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗食管早癌及癌前病变中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2015年7月-2016年7月由同一操作者熟练应用ESD方法治疗食管早癌及癌前病变40例,观察组为采用牙线牵引辅助ESD 20例、对照组为传统ESD方法治疗20例,比较手术时间、一次性病变完整切除率、住院时间及术后并发症发生率等方面的差异。结果观察组牙线辅助ESD法平均手术时间、住院时间少于对照组传统ESD术,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组牙线辅助一次性病变完整切除率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组均无出现术后大出血和穿孔等并发症,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论牙线牵引辅助应用于ESD术安全、方便、有效,能够缩短手术操作时间,提高一次性完整切除率,缩短住院时间,降低并发症发生率。     

Operative treatments for osteochondral lesions of the talus in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose:This systematic review aimed to identify the available evidence regarding the comparative effectiveness and safety of various operative treatments in adult patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT).Materials and methods:The PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register of Controlled Trials were searched from their inception date to September 2019. Two reviewers selected the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs assessing the comparative effectiveness and safety of various operative treatments for OLT. The meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3.Results:Eight studies (1 RCT and 7 non-RCTs) with 375 patients were included in this review. The difference in the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score between the cartilage repair and replacement was not significant. The cartilage regeneration with or without cartilage repair had significant superiority in improving the AOFAS score compared with the cartilage repair. The difference in the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue score between the cartilage repair and replacement and between cartilage repair and cartilage repair plus regeneration was significant.Conclusions:Cartilage regeneration and cartilage repair plus regeneration had significant superiority in improving the ankle function and radiological evaluation of OLT, although the trials included did not have high-level evidence. Moreover, which treatment between the 2 was safer could not be addressed in this review as most of the trials did not report the safety outcome. Further studies are needed to define the best surgical option for treating OLT.