Sonography as a Tool for Identifying Engaging Hill‐Sachs Lesions

Engaging Hill‐Sachs lesions can be a factor predictive of recurrent anterior shoulder instability, yet no method has been recognized as an effective means to predict engagement. We evaluated the ability of sonography to identify engaging Hill‐Sachs lesions by using a transaxillary approach and dynamic scanning. In patients with engaging lesions, there was an abrupt change in the contour of the humeral head when the shoulder was in 90° of abduction and 90° of external rotation. Sonography therefore has the potential to be a useful preoperative tool in determining which patients may benefit from a surgical repair that also addresses Hill‐Sachs lesions.     

快速现场细胞学评估在肺穿刺活检中的应用

摘要：目的　探讨快速现场细胞学评估（C-ROSE）在肺穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法　对291例肺内病变的患者行经皮肺穿刺活检，根据术中是否采用C-ROSE分为C-ROSE组148例和非C-ROSE组143例，对比2组间临床资料、穿刺情况及并发症等，同时分析C-ROSE细胞学诊断的敏感度和与最终组织学诊断的一致性。结果　C-ROSE组148例中有137例（92.6%）获得满意标本，最终病理学确诊率93.9%；非C-ROSE组143例中有120例（83.9%）获得满意标本，最终病理学确诊率86.0%。C-ROSE组标本满意程度和最终病理学确诊率均优于非C-ROSE组（均P＜0.05）。C-ROSE组对照最终病理组织学诊断，敏感度为88.0%（81/92），特异度为96.4%（54/56），两者诊断上有较好的一致性（Kappa值为0.819）。C-ROSE组活检时间（15.32±2.81）min，平均穿刺数（1.41±0.55）针，较非C-ROSE组活检时间（14.08±2.33）min，平均穿刺数（1.20±0.40）针有所增多（均P＜0.01）。C-ROSE组出现气胸18例（12.2%），肺部出血14例（9.5%）；非C-ROSE组出现气胸22例（15.4%），肺部出血14例（9.8%），2组患者间并发症差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论　C-ROSE在经皮肺穿刺活检可指导手术医生取材，提高活检成功率和诊断率，同时C-ROSE在细胞学诊断中也有较高的敏感度和与组织学诊断的一致性，值得临床上推广。     

Spontaneous pituitary adenoma occurring after resection of a Rathke’s cleft cyst

Rathke’s cleft cysts (RCC) are benign cystic lesions that originate from remnants of the epithelial lining of Rathke’s pouch. RCC are known rarely to occur together with a concomitant pituitary adenoma. Here, we report a patient with a pituitary adenoma arising in the same location as a previously-resected RCC, 3 years post-operatively, and review the literature of “collision” sellar lesions. Consecutive transsphenoidal operations from a single-center between 2008 and 2016 were reviewed to identify patients with pituitary adenoma arising after surgical resection of RCC, and a systematic search of the literature was also performed to identify such patient reports, as well as reports of concomitant pituitary adenoma and RCC. Of 837 transsphenoidal operations from our own experience, one patient with pituitary adenoma occurring after RCC resection was identified and is reported here. A systematic review of the literature resulted in identification of 34 patients with concomitant RCC and pituitary adenoma and no incidents of pituitary adenoma occurring after resection of RCC. Concomitant occurrence of RCC and pituitary adenoma was more commonly diagnosed in women (61%), at a median age of diagnosis of 44 years. The RCC histological analysis in these patients consistently described ciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelium. Although rare, the presence of a new, pathologically-distinct lesions in the sella after prior surgical treatment, is possible. During post-operative monitoring, physicians should consider that what appears as a “recurrent” lesion may actually be growth of a new and entirely different lesion.     

Treatment effect analysis of curettage for jaw cysts based on volumetric assessment and image registration

The study was conducted to develop a visual and intuitive quantitative evaluation method for maxillary cystic lesions after curettage. Mimics 16.0 and Geomagic Studio 2013 were used to form a precise reconstruction of the cystic lesion morphology of 60 cases; the average reduction rates and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Computed tomography (CT) registration was performed before and after surgery to observe morphology features of the bone regeneration of the cystic area. The average reduction rates (RR) of the cysts after curettage were (43.56 ± 16.79)%, (54.33 ± 17.15)% and (68.53 ± 15.99)% at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery, respectively. The average monthly reduction rates (MRR) were (12.07 ± 4.35)%, (8.16 ± 2.84)% and (5.35 ± 1.52)% at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Correlation analysis by comparing with each group showed that the effect of sex and age in the 3-month group and the initial size in the 12-month group on RR and MRR were statistically significant. Within the limitations of the study it seems that the chosen approach for quantitative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of curettage for jaw cystic lesions might facilitate visual and quantitative follow-up of cyst curettage and timely detection of recurrence.     

Thalamic diffusion differences related to cognitive function in white matter lesions

Cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) are related to cognitive deficits, probably due to a disruption of frontal–subcortical circuits. We explored thalamic diffusion differences related to white matter lesions (WMLs) and their association with cognitive function in middle-aged individuals. Ninety-six participants from the Barcelona-AsIA Neuropsychology Study were included. Participants were classified into groups based on low grade and high grade of periventricular hyperintensities (PVHs) and deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMHs). Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was used to study thalamic diffusion differences between groups. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values in significant areas were calculated for each subject and correlated with cognitive performance. Participants with high-grade PVHs and DWMHs showed lower FA thalamic values compared to those with low-grade PVHs and DWMHs, respectively. Decreased FA thalamic values in high-grade DWMHs, but not high-grade PVH, were related to lower levels of performance in psychomotor speed, verbal fluency, and visuospatial skills. Thalamic diffusion differences are related to lower cognitive function only in participants with high-grade DWMHs. These results support the hypothesis that fronto–subcortical disruption is associated with cognitive function only in DWMHs.