Effect of cerebral ischemia on acute convulsions and chronic epileptogenesis

The pharmacological kindling with corazol was used as a model of chronic cerebral epileptization. In contrast to sham-operated rats or rats with unilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries, bilateral occlusion of these vessels moderated acute seizures provoked by a single administration of the convulsant corazol and abated the enhanced cerebral seizure readiness induced by its repeated administration. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 7, pp. 30–33, July, 1998     

Further insight into the task-dependent excitability of motor evoked potentials in first dorsal interosseous muscle in humans

We have reexamined the contradictory evidence in which task-dependent excitation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle was stronger with increasingly more complex finger tasks than with individual finger movement tasks. In the first step of the experiment, based on previous findings, we investigated remarkable functional differences between intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles during complex finger tasks (precision and power grip). During the performance of the tasks, the optimal stimulus intensity of the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to the contralateral motor cortex. MEPs of the FDI, extensor carpi radialis (ECR), and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles were recorded simultaneously with increased background EMG activity step by step in both tasks. The intensity threshold of TMS was lower in the precision grip. Furthermore, the MEP amplitudes of FDI muscle dependent on the background EMG activity were different between these two tasks, i.e., MEP amplitudes and regression coefficients in a precision grip were larger than those in a power grip. Although our results for MEP amplitude and threshold in the FDI muscle were similar to previous reported evidence, the different contributions of a synergistic muscle (in particular, the ECR muscle) during performance in these tasks was new evidence. Since there were no differences in cutaneous afferent effects on both tasks, corticomotoneuronal (CM) cells connected to FDI motoneurons seemed generally to be more active during precision than power gripping, and there were different contributions from synergistic muscles during the performance of these tasks. In the second part of the experiment, the results obtained from the complex tasks were compared with those from a simple task (isolated index finger flexion). MEP amplitudes, dependent on the background EMG activity during isolated index finger flexion, varied among subjects, i.e., the relationship between the MEP amplitude and the background EMG of the FDI muscle showed individual, strategy-dependent modulation. There were several kinds of individual motor strategies for performing the isolated finger movement. The present results may explain the previous contradictory evidence related to the contribution of the CM system during coordinated finger movement.     

The experiences of peer-facilitators delivering a physical activity intervention for emergency service workers and their families

IntroductionEmergency service workers (e.g. police, fire, ambulance officers) are regularly exposed to occupational stressors and potentially traumatic events, resulting in an increased risk of poor mental and physical health. For example, emergency service workers are twice as likely to experience suicidal thoughts compared to the general population and one in ten will develop posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite this, emergency service workers face barriers to accessing traditional mental healthcare. Physical activity is non-stigmatising and may help improve the mental and physical health of this population; however, novel ways to help people engage are needed. Peers with lived experience may be well-placed to co-deliver physical activity programs alongside health professionals. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of peer-facilitators co-delivering an online physical activity intervention for emergency service workers and their families.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 6 peer-facilitators. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analysed using exploratory thematic analysis.ResultsTwo main themes were explored. The first theme related to the value of lived experience that reflected two subthemes, i) credibility and relatedness by virtue of experience; and ii) knowledge and confidence by virtue of experience. The second theme related to the impact of the peer-facilitator role on the peers themselves, whereby peer-facilitators reported an increased sense of purpose and social connection.DiscussionThis qualitative study provides insights into how peer-facilitators can complement health professionals in the delivery of physical activity interventions for emergency service workers. Further research is needed to elucidate training requirements and safety protocols.     

基于胸痛中心急救流程在急性心肌梗死患者救治中的应用

目的探讨基于胸痛中心急救流程在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者救治中的应用效果。 方法选取镇江市急救中心2017年8月至2021年8月接诊的94例AMI患者为研究对象,其中男性50例,女性44例;年龄42~81岁,平均(60.37±4.31)岁。根据就诊顺序分为对照组和研究组,每组各47例,对照组患者接受常规急救流程,研究组患者接受基于胸痛中心基础上的急救流程,比较两组患者急救各环节时间、不良心血管事件发生率及患者满意度。 结果研究组患者急救各环节时间较对照组更短,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者不良心血管事件发生率显著低于对照组(6.38%比23.40%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者满意度显著高于对照组(93.62%比78.72%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论基于胸痛中心急救流程可有效缩短急救过程中各环节时间,最大限度降低不良心血管事件发生风险,患者满意度高,对提高AMI患者救治效果、改善预后具有积极意义。     

Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint: The “when and how”

Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint has been established as the “gold standard” for the treatment of several first ray disorders, due to its perceived efficacy and the consistently reported good results in the literature. Arthrodesis is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment of end stage arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis with severe deformity, selected cases of severe hallux valgus (with or without signs of degenerative joint disease), as well as a salvage procedure after failed previous operation of the first ray. The goals of a successful 1^st MTP arthrodesis are pain alleviation and deformity correction in order to restore a comfortable gait pattern and to improve shoe wear. Several techniques have been reported with several proposals regarding the preparation of the articular surfaces and the method of definitive fixation. As with any given surgical procedure, various complications may occur after arthrodesis of the 1^st MTP joint, namely delayed union, nonunion, malunion, irritating hardware, etc.      

Adductor pollicis. The missing interosseous

Summary This paper highlights the many similarities between the adductor pollicis and the palmar interossei. In particular it compares their anatomy, innervation and function. It suggests that adductor pollicis should be considered as the first palmar interosseous and that this view simplifies the teaching of hand anatomy and the tests of ulnar nerve function. Further support for the view that adductor pollicis is the thenar counterpart of the second, third and fourth palmar interossei is gained from studies of the literature on hand evolution, in particular published details of fossil records and dissection of primate hands.

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L'adducteur du pouce : l'interrosseux perdu

Résumé Cet article souligne les nombreuses similitudes qui existent entre le m. adducteur du pouce et le m. premier inter-osseux palmaire. Il compare en particulier l'anatomie l'innervation et la fonction de ces muscles. Le m. adducteur du pouce semble bien devoir être considéré comme le m. premier inter-osseux palmaire et ce point de vue simplifie l'enseignement de l'anatomie de la main ainsi que l'évaluation de la fonction du nerf ulnaire. Des arguments supplémentaires en faveur de l'hypothèse d'un m. adducteur du pouce qui serait la contre-partie thénarienne des second, troisème et quatrième mm. inter-osseux palmaires proviennent de l'étude de la littérature concernant la phylogénèse de la main et en particulier des résultats d'études portant sur les fossiles et les dissections de mains de primates.

     

91例首次住院精神疾病患者死亡原因分析

目的研究首次住院精神痰病患者的死亡原因。方法回顾性分析首次住院死亡精神痰病患者的病历资料，进行统计学分析。结果首次住院死亡91例，死亡原因有躯体疾病、猝死、治疗综合征、自杀、意外事故，分别占50．5％、22．0％、11．0％、8．8％、7．7％；住院10天内死亡45例（49．5％）。结论躯体疾病、猝死是导致首次住院精神病人死亡的主要原因，医护人员应高度重视住院10天内的精神病患者。     

Investigation of the involvement of opioid receptors in the action of anticonvulsants

This study investigates the possible involvement of opioid receptors in the action of a variety of anticonvulsant agents. The opioid antagonist naloxone (0.3, 1 mg/kg IP) and the selective -opioid antagonist cyprodime (3 mg/kg IP) significantly inhibited the increase in electroshock seizure threshold induced by phenytoin (3 mg/kg IP) in mice. The anticonvulsant effects of ethanol (1 g/kg IP) were also significantly antagonised by naloxone (1 mg/kg IP) but not by a 0.3 mg/kg IP dose or by cyprodime (3 mg/kg IP). The results with naloxone were confirmed using higher doses of phenytoin (10 mg/kg IP) and ethanol (1.5 g/kg IP). In contrast to the above findings, naloxone (0.3, 1 mg/kg IP) had no effect on the increase in seizure threshold induced by sodium valproate (200 mg/kg IP) or dizocilpine (MK801, 0.5 mg/kg IP) and paradoxically potentiated the increase in seizure threshold produced by phenobarbitone (15 mg/kg IP); carbamazepine (10 mg/kg IP) and the benzodiazepine agonist loprazolam (1 mg/kg IP), clearly differentiating these compounds from phenytoin and ethanol. These findings suggest that the anticonvulsant effects of phenytoin and ethanol (as assessed by their ability to prevent tonic hindlimb extension in the mouse electroshock model) may be mediated, at least in part, by the release of endogenous opioids and subsequent activation of opioid receptors (, in the case of phenytoin, but non-, in the case of ethanol) although direct activity at opioid receptors cannot be precluded.