纤维支气管灌洗治疗重型颅脑损伤合并肺部感染的临床分析及护理效果评估

重型颅脑损伤患者常出现的严重并发症之一即是肺部感染,其发病率较高,达57%,严重影响到患者的预后及转归,此外,患者晚期死亡的主要原因多为由肺部感染而引起的多脏器功能衰竭,因此,在对重型颅脑损伤患者进行治疗时,必须加强对肺部感染防治,从而有效提高重型颅脑损伤的治愈率。     

Gas flow during bronchoscopic ablation therapy causes gas emboli to the heart: a comparative animal study

BACKGROUND: Thermal ablation is one of the most commonly used modalities to treat central airway obstruction. Both laser and argon plasma coagulation (APC) have been reported to cause gas emboli and cardiac arrest. We sought to determine whether bronchoscopic ablation therapy can result in systemic gas emboli, correlate their presence with the rate of gas flow, and establish whether a zero-flow (ZF) modality would result in the significant reduction or elimination of emboli. METHODS: CO(2) laser delivered through a photonic bandgap fiber (PBF) and APC were applied in the trachea and mainstem bronchi of six anesthetized sheep at varying dosages and gas flow rates. Direct epicardial echocardiography was used to obtain a four-chamber view and detect gas emboli. RESULTS: The presence of gas flow accompanying APC and the CO(2) laser with forward flow correlated significantly with the appearance of gas bubbles in the atria. A definite dose response was observed between the gas flow rate and the number of bubbles seen. When the CO(2) laser was delivered through a PBF with ZF to the trachea or bronchi, no bubbles were observed. CONCLUSION: Bronchoscopic thermal ablation therapy using gas flow is associated with gas emboli in a dose-dependent fashion. The use of the flexible PBF with ZF is not associated with the development of gas emboli. Further study is required to determine whether a clinically safe threshold of gas emboli exists, and the relationships among the pathologic depth of tissue destruction, gas flow, pulse duration, and the development of gas emboli.     

支气管镜在儿童反复咳喘性疾病中的诊断价值

目的探讨电子支气管镜检查术在儿童反复咳喘性疾病中的应用价值。方法对该院2015年3月-2017年11月收治的297例反复咳嗽、喘息的患儿行支气管镜检查及治疗的临床资料进行综合分析。结果 297例反复咳喘的患儿支气管镜检查镜下表现最常见的是支气管内膜炎,共193例,占65.0%,是反复咳喘患儿最常见的表现;气管、支气管软化的患儿23例,占7.7%;喉软化者18例,占6.1%;气管、支气管狭窄者13例,占4.4%;异物者7例,占2.4%;结构异常者17例,占5.8%;肺含铁血黄素沉着症2例,占0.7%;肿瘤2例,占0.7%;左主支气管未发育1例,占0.3%;支气管憩室1例,占0.3%;支气管镜下未见明显异常者20例,占6.7%。结论对于儿童反复咳喘性疾病,支气管镜检查能够明确病因并且指导治疗,在临床上应用价值较高。     

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare disorder with unknown aetiology. We report one case of TO in a patient with non-Hodgkin pulmonary lymphoma and benign epidermal and trichylemmal cysts on the periorbital region and scalp. To the authors' knowledge, the coincidence of these processes has never been described before. The case was evaluated with conventional X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, fibre-optic bronchoscopy with 2 months interval, histopathological evaluation, Tc-99 m MDP bone scintigraphy and microbiological studies including PCR testing of bronchial biopsy and lavage specimens for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, case reports of TO in the Turkish literature are summarized.     

Patient satisfaction with sedation for flexible bronchoscopy

Background and objective:   Patient satisfaction with health care has increasingly been recognized as an important health outcome, but few studies have examined patient satisfaction with flexible bronchoscopy (FB). The purpose of this study was to assess patient satisfaction with FB conducted under conscious sedation and to identify the aspects of the procedure related to patient satisfaction.
Methods:   Patients' willingness to return for repeat FB was measured on a 5-point scale. Patients were asked whether they were bothered by the anaesthetic spray, scope insertion, shortness of breath, coughing, pharyngeal pain, chest pain or swallowing pain. Patients were asked to assess the quality of the physician, the institution and nursing, and their satisfaction with the privacy, waiting time and information provided about the procedure.
Results:   Of 161 consecutive eligible patients who underwent FB, 129 (80.1%) completed the questionnaire. Of the 129 patients, 65.8% reported that they would return for a repeat FB (12.4% would definitely return and 53.4% would probably return). Male gender, shorter examination time, excellent physician quality and not being bothered by coughing, pharyngeal pain or swallowing pain were related to greater patient satisfaction. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that male gender was related to greater patient satisfaction.
Conclusions:   Bronchoscopists should try to recognize the factors that influence patient satisfaction and adjust their management accordingly.     

Endobronchial Metastases from Extrathoracic Malignancy

Purpose

Endobronchial metastasis is defined as documented extrathoracic malignancies metastatic to the endobronchus within a bronchoscopically visible range. Although the clinical and radiologic findings of endobronchial metastasis are similar to primary lung cancer, treatment and prognosis may be different. We hereby investigated the clinical, radiologic and bronchoscopic aspects of endobronchial metastases (EBM) in Korean patients.

Materials and Methods

A total of 43 patients with EBM who underwent bronchoscopic biopsies from June 1991 to December 2009 at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, Korea, were analyzed retrospectively. We evaluated clinical, radiologic and bronchoscopic characteristics of EBM.

Results

The patients consisted of 27 males and 16 females and their ages ranged from 18 to 77 years. The common primary cancers related to EBM were rectal (16.3%), colon (11.6%), breast (9.3%) and uterine (9.3%) cancers. The mean interval from diagnosis of primary cancer to EBM was 36 months, and the mean survival duration from diagnosis of EBM was 16.1 months in 33 deceased patients.

Conclusion

EBM develop in various types of malignancies at various times with unremarkable manifestations. Therefore, physicians should consider the possibility of EBM, especially if a patient has a history of any malignancy, regardless of respiratory symptoms. Respiratory symptoms related with EBM can be treated by various safe procedures.     

Should Flexible Bronchoscopy be Routinely Performed in Aspiration Pneumonitis: Non Liquet

How to cite this article: Sehgal IS, Dhooria S, Agarwal R. Should Flexible Bronchoscopy be Routinely Performed in Aspiration Pneumonitis: Non Liquet. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(2):113–114.     

Video Laryngoscopy-guided Nasal Intubation: One More Bullet in Our Rifle

How to cite this article: Cittadini A, Marsigli F, Sica A, Santonastaso DP, Russo E, Gamberini E, et al. Video Laryngoscopy-guided Nasal Intubation: One More Bullet in Our Rifle. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(3):351.     

胸部物理治疗联合纤维支气管镜灌洗对肺结核的效果

目的:探讨胸部物理治疗（CPT）联合纤维支气管镜（FB）灌洗对肺结核（PTB）患者的应用效果。方法:125例PTB患者根据随机数字表法分为对照组62例和观察组63例,对照组行常规治疗,观察组在其基础上行CPT联合FB灌洗。比较两组治疗7 d后排痰效果和治疗24 h后日排痰量;治疗前和治疗24 h后呼吸频率（RR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）、气道峰压（PIP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、血氧分压（PaO2）、二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、氧合指数（OI）。结果:与对照组比较,观察组排痰总有效率、日排痰量显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与治疗前比较,治疗后两组RR、PIP、MAP、PaCO2显著降低,SpO2、PaO2、OI显著升高,观察组变化幅度显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论:CPT联合FB灌洗对PTB患者有较好的应用效果,能够有效改善排痰效果和呼吸功能。     

支气管镜介入治疗肺结核合并支气管结核老年患者的病灶吸收率和安全性

目的探讨支气管镜介入治疗肺结核合并支气管结核老年患者的病灶吸收率及安全性。方法选取2018年1月-2020年1月该院肺结核合并支气管结核的老年患者60例,按照不同治疗方式分为抗结核化疗药物联合支气管镜介入治疗组(ZQ组,n=32)和抗结核化疗药物治疗组(HL组,n=28),观察两组患者抗酸杆菌转阴率、肺部病变吸收好转情况、临床症状改善、药物不良反应发生情况和临床疗效。结果 ZQ组治疗后镜下抗酸杆菌转阴率(93.75%)高于HL组(71.43%),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.36,P=0.021);ZQ组体内共有24个空洞,HL组有22个空洞,治疗后ZQ组的空洞闭合率为45.83%、空洞缩小率为33.33%,均高于HL组,HL组空洞增大率为13.64%,高于ZQ组(4.17%),ZQ组总有效率(79.17%)高于HL组(45.45%),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.59,P=0.018);ZQ组治疗后病灶显著吸收率和吸收率均高于HL组,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.37,P=0.040);ZQ组肉芽增殖治疗有效率为100.00%,HL组为75.00%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.54,P=0.039);HL组和ZQ组的不良反应发生率分别为18.75%和17.86%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论采用支气管镜介入治疗肺结核合并支气管结核老年患者,能够明显提高患者抗酸杆菌转阴率和病灶吸收率,并有效改善病灶周围阻塞情况和支气管病变情况,达到较理想的临床疗效。