荷斯坦牛乳脂率、乳蛋白率变化规律及其相关性分析

为探讨原料乳中乳脂率、乳蛋白率的影响因素及其之间的相关关系,本文收集新疆地区呼图壁种牛场牧一场和牧三场、天山畜牧生物股份有限公司牛场、沙湾金牛场、西部牧业共5个牧场4 727头次荷斯坦奶牛的生产性能记录,采用SAS(8.1)软件分析不同牧场、年度、季节、胎次对乳脂率和乳蛋白率的影响,并运用SPSS16.0软件进行相关性分析。结果表明:牧场、年度、季节、胎次均对乳脂率和乳蛋白率有极显著影响(P0.01)。相关性分析结果表明,乳脂率与乳蛋白率呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.11。通过分析牧场、年度、季节、胎次对乳脂率、乳蛋白率的影响及相关关系,加深影响乳成分因素的认识,提示在生产中要做好饲养管理工作,并根据季节变化、奶牛胎次的增加,结合奶牛营养需求,采取具体措施调控影响乳成分的因素,从而提高原料乳质量。     

A survey of Aflatoxin M1 in some commercial milk samples and infant formula milk samples in Goa,India

A survey of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in packaged milk and infant formula milk samples in the Goan market, India, was conducted using high performance liquid chromatography, association of analytical communities approved commercial kit and a sensitive chemiluminescent sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 72 samples of infant formula milk food (18) and packaged milk samples (54) was analysed. One hundred per cent of the analysed samples exceeded the European Communities recommended limits (50 ng/L) and 75% of the samples exceeded Codex Alimentarius, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and US Food and Drug Administration recommended limits (500 ng/L). The range of contamination of AFM1 was found lower in infant milk formula (501–713 ng/L) than liquid milk (511–809 ng/L). The methods were also compared for their performance, and ELISA was found to be most suitable for analysis of low-level AFM1 contamination in milk.     

Freezing and thawing effects on fat,protein, and lactose levels of human natural milk administered by gavage and continuous infusion

Objectivesto analyze the changes in human milk macronutrients: fat, protein, and lactose in natural human milk (raw), frozen and thawed, after administration simulation by gavage and continuous infusion.Methodan experimental study was performed with 34 human milk samples. The infrared spectrophotometry using the infrared analysis equipment MilkoScan Minor® (Foss, Denmark) equipment was used to analyze the macronutrients in human milk during the study phases. The analyses were performed in natural (raw) samples and after freezing and fast thawing following two steps: gavage and continuous infusion. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test for paired samples was used for the statistical analysis.Resultsthe fat content was significantly reduced after administration by continuous infusion (p < 0.001) during administration of both raw and thawed samples. No changes in protein and lactose content were observed between the two forms of infusion. However, the thawing process significantly increased the levels of lactose and milk protein.Conclusionthe route of administration by continuous infusion showed the greatest influence on fat loss among all the processes required for human milk administration.     

Epileptic seizures as a manifestation of cow’s milk allergy: a studied relationship and description of our pediatric experience

Adverse reactions after ingestion of cow’s milk proteins can occur at any age, from birth and even amongst exclusively breast-fed infants, although not all of these are hypersensitivity reactions. The most common presentations related to cow’s milk protein allergy are skin reactions, failure to thrive, anaphylaxis as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. In addition, several cases of cow’s milk protein allergy in the literature have documented neurological involvement, manifesting with convulsive seizures in children. This may be due to CNS spread of a peripheral inflammatory response. Furthermore, there is evidence that pro-inflammatory cytokines are responsible for disrupting the blood–brain barrier, causing focal CNS inflammation thereby triggering seizures, although further studies are needed to clarify the pathogenic relationship between atopy and its neurological manifestations. This review aims to analyze current published data on the link between cow’s milk protein allergy and epileptic events, highlighting scientific evidence for any potential pathogenic mechanism and describing our clinical experience in pediatrics.     

Impact of bariatric surgery on breastfeeding: a systematic review

Metabolic and bariatric surgery helps women achieve a healthier weight, reduce co-morbid conditions, increase fertility rates, and improve pregnancy outcomes compared with counterparts who are obese. Breastfeeding is known to provide both infant and maternal health benefits as well. Less is known about the impact of bariatric surgery on breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to review the impact of bariatric surgery on breastfeeding following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed and Medline databases were searched using terms such as “bariatric surgery,” “postnatal care,” “lactation,” and “breastfeeding.” Reference lists were also used to find relevant articles. A total of 49 records were identified. Abstracts were screened, and 11 observational studies were identified after meeting inclusion criteria, which included the use of original research on breastfeeding and women who have had bariatric surgery. The available research shows that breast milk after bariatric surgery is adequate in nutrients and that no long-term effects were reported in cases studies when nutrient deficiencies were corrected. Limitations include observational study design and small sample sizes. This systematic review suggests that breastfeeding after bariatric surgery should be recommended along with monitoring and micronutrient supplementation. However, additional research and increased sample sizes are needed to further examine the relationship, and such studies should be conducted to strengthen the evidence and explore ways to improve breastfeeding rates in this population.