严重急性呼吸道综合征的影像学分析

目的 :探讨严重急性呼吸道综合征 (SARS)的影像学特点。方法 :对临床确诊的 3 8例SARS患者的X线胸片和CT影像进行回顾性分析。结果 :X线表现轻度 18例 ( 4 7% ) ,中度 14例 ( 3 7% ) ,重度 6例 ( 16% ) ,中、重度患者病变均累及双侧。结论 :SARS同时存在急性肺炎和急性间质性肺炎 ,影像检查对SARS的诊断有重要价值 ,但要注意和普通肺炎、免疫功能损害患者肺炎及一些非感染性疾病肺部表现相鉴别。     

Iris recognition based on key image feature extraction

In iris recognition, feature extraction can be influenced by factors such as illumination and contrast, and thus the features extracted may be unreliable, which can cause a high rate of false results in iris pattern recognition. In order to obtain stable features, an algorithm was proposed in this paper to extract key features of a pattern from multiple images. The proposed algorithm built an iris feature template by extracting key features and performed iris identity enrolment. Simulation results showed that the selected key features have high recognition accuracy on the CASIA Iris Set, where both contrast and illumination variance exist.     

A time-frequency feature extraction scheme for the automated detection of binaural interaction in auditory brainstem responses

The binaural interaction component (BIC), the difference between the summed monaurally evoked potentials of each ear and the binaurally evoked brainstem potentials, has been shown to be related to directional hearing. However, the detection of the ß-peak as the most consistent part of the BIC is often difficult. Furthermore, there is no clearly defined signal feature characterizing the difference between the monaurally and the binaurally evoked brainstem responses. A closer look at the signals shows that amplitude differences as well as latency differences and variations in wave V slopes could be the reason for the formation of a ß-peak. Using a time-scale feature extraction scheme, we were able to define a signal feature (morphological local discriminant bases ( MLDB) coefficient 1) that accounts for the difference between the sum of the monaurally and binaurally evoked brainstem potentials. With use of this signal feature, reliable automated detection of differences between monaurally and binaurally evoked potentials is possible. As coefficient 1 replicates the behaviour of subjective measurements as well as of the BIC measurements, it can also be seen as a correlate of binaural interaction. With use of this signal feature, it is possible to judge from a given binaurally evoked potential whether it contains information on binaural interaction or not, without comparing it to the sum of the monaurally evoked brainstem responses. Consequently, binaural interaction can be assessed by one, instead of three, measurements by using the method described in this paper.     

Non-Mass Breast Lesions on Ultrasound: Feature Exploration and Multimode Ultrasonic Diagnosis

The aim of this study was to analyze the features of non-mass breast lesions (NMLs) on B-mode ultrasound (US), color Doppler US, strain elastography (SE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and to develop a multimode ultrasonic method for NML differentiation. Seventy-one NMLs were included in this retrospective study. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the independent risk factors. Pathology results were used as the standard criterion. Microcalcification on US, high stiffness on SE and hyper-enhanced intensity on CEUS were identified as features correlated with malignancy. A multimode method to evaluate NMLs based on the logistic regression was developed. The sensitivity and specificity for US, US?+?Doppler, US?+?SE, US?+?CEUS and the multimode method were 100% and 29%, 92.5% and 41.9%, 97.5% and 58.1%, 90.0% and 58.1% and 95.0% and 77.4%, respectively. The accuracy of these methods was 69.0%, 70.4%, 80.2%, 76.1% and 87.3%, respectively. The multimode ultrasonic method is simple and exhibited high diagnostic performance, which might be helpful for predicting the potential malignancy of NMLs.     

瓜蒌道地性的性状特征分析＊

目的 对不同产区种植的栝楼加工获得的瓜蒌进行性状的测定和比较，指出传统道地产区瓜蒌的性状特征。方法 同时采收6个不同产区种植的栝楼果实各20个，在北京的实验室内统一阴干后，测定纵径、横径、纵横比、单果重、果皮重量占比、水溶性浸出物等性状指标，取平均值进行比较和分析。结果 传统道地产区的山东长清庄科产栝楼果实阴干获得的瓜蒌，单果重最重，为95.39 g；纵径最长，为10.22 mm；横径最短，为7.19 mm；纵横比最大，为1.43；果皮重量占比最轻，为23.07%；水溶性浸出物含量较高，为50.44%。结论 山东长清在悠久的瓜蒌生产历史中，形成了外观为长圆形，单果重，水溶性浸出物含量高，成熟度高的性状，具有其他产区种植的栝楼果实所没有的特征，当为道地产区瓜蒌的性状特征。     

New approaches to understanding the immune response to vaccination and infection

The immune system is a network of specialized cell types and tissues that communicates via cytokines and direct contact, to orchestrate specific types of defensive responses. Until recently, we could only study immune responses in a piecemeal, highly focused fashion, on major components like antibodies to the pathogen. But recent advances in technology and in our understanding of the many components of the system, innate and adaptive, have made possible a broader approach, where both the multiple responding cells and cytokines in the blood are measured. This systems immunology approach to a vaccine response or an infection gives us a more holistic picture of the different parts of the immune system that are mobilized and should allow us a much better understanding of the pathways and mechanisms of such responses, as well as to predict vaccine efficacy in different populations well in advance of efficacy studies. Here we summarize the different technologies and methods and discuss how they can inform us about the differences between diseases and vaccines, and how they can greatly accelerate vaccine development.     

手足口病伴神经系统症状85例分析

目的：探讨手足口病伴早期神经系统症状患者的临床特征及结局。方法对85例手足口病住院病例的临床表现、实验室检查、治疗转归及病原学等资料进行分析,其中热性惊厥（FC）62例,占72.94%,HFMD重症早期（易惊、肢体抖动、嗜睡）23例,占27.06%。结果（1）FC组主要表现为在发热第一天出现1-3次抽搐,持续1-10分钟不等,发作停止后神志恢复正常,无阳性病理神经征,部分有既往史和家族惊厥史;重症早期组主要表现为病后3-4天出现易惊、肢体抖动、嗜睡,于治疗后1-3天正常,无阳性病理神经征。（2）两组发热及皮疹持续时间的差异均无明显统计学意义,P均＞0.05。（3）多数患者存在血白细胞、C反应蛋白、糖升高及低钠血症,部分有心肌酶谱升高、心电图异常,以FC组为主。（4）病原检测：EV71-RNA（+）45例（52.94%）,CoxA 16-RNA（+）19例（22.35%）,肠道病毒通用核酸（+）12例（14.12%）,余9例（10.59%）检测均阴性,无交叉阳性结果。（5）平均住院5.86±1.89天,随访均未见后遗症。结论早期识别HFMD伴神经系统症状患者的病情及病因,有助于指导治疗及判断预后。     

Epidemiology of liver cirrhosis and associated complications: Current knowledge and future directions

Cirrhosis causes a heavy global burden. In this review, we summarized up-to-date epidemiological features of cirrhosis and its complications. Recent epidemiological studies reported an increase in the prevalence of cirrhosis in 2017 compared to in 1990 in both men and women, with 5.2 million cases of cirrhosis and chronic liver disease occurring in 2017. Cirrhosis caused 1.48 million deaths in 2019, an increase of 8.1% compared to 2017. Disability-adjusted life-years due to cirrhosis ranked 16th among all diseases and 7th in people aged 50-74 years in 2019. The global burden of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus-associated cirrhosis is decreasing, while the burden of cirrhosis due to alcohol and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing rapidly. We described the current epidemiology of the major complications of cirrhosis, including ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, renal disorders, and infections. We also summarized the epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. In the future, NAFLD-related cirrhosis will likely become more common due to the prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, and the prevalence of alcohol-induced cirrhosis is increasing. This altered epidemiology should be clinically noted, and relevant interventions should be undertaken.     

Modeling hybrid rough set-based classification procedures to identify hemodialysis adequacy for end-stage renal disease patients

Healthcare problems observed in the majority of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients regarding hemodialysis (HD) treatment are serious issues for the Taiwanese healthcare services, and an interesting topic is thus the adequacy of HD therapy. This study successfully models a hybrid procedure to measure HD adequacy to assess therapeutic effects and to explore the relationship between accuracy and coverage for interested parties. The proposed model has better accuracy, a lower standard deviation, and fewer attributes than the listed methods under various evaluation criteria. The study results are useful to subsequent researchers to develop suitable applications, and to ESRD patients and their doctors to ensure satisfactory medical quality.