尿核基蛋白22检测在膀胱癌诊断中的价值

目的:探讨尿核基蛋白22(NMP22)在膀胱移行细胞癌诊断中的临床价值。方法:采用ELISA法定量分析16例膀胱移行上皮癌(TCC)、14例TCC术后随访患者和12例泌尿系良性疾病患者的尿NMP22含量,并同时行尿脱落细胞学检查。设定NMP22的临界值为10U/ml。结果:16例膀胱移行癌患者、14例膀胱癌术后随访患者和12例泌尿系良性疾病患者的尿NMP22中位值分别为31.65、5.41和6.74U/ml,前者与后两者均有统计学差异(P<0.001)。以10U/ml为界值,尿NMP22诊断膀胱癌的敏感性为93.7%,特异性为69.2%,阴性预测值为94.7%,准确性为78.6%。同期尿细胞学的敏感性为31.3%,特异性100%,阴性预测值为70.2%。结论:与脱落细胞学比较,尿NMP22测定有更高的敏感性,是一种较理想的早期膀胱移行细胞癌诊断指标,对预后判断亦有价值。     

Retinoic acid induced heparin-binding protein expression and localization during gastrulation,neurulation, and organogenesis

Retinoic acid induced heparin-binding protein (RIHB) is a highly basic, soluble polypeptide of the chick embryonic extracellular matrix. We have examined the expression and localization of RIHB during very early embryogenesis by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RIHB mRNA is very weakly detectable above background in the blastodiscs of unincubated eggs. The expression increases greatly over the first 24 hours of incubation, and is observed throughout the blastodisc in all three of the germ layers following gastrulation. As neurulation occurs, the expression becomes more restricted to certain areas, notably the ectoderm, the neural folds, and especially the notochord. After the neural tube has formed the expression in the tube itself decreases dramatically, whereas the expression in the head ectoderm and the notochord persists. After 72 hours of incubation expression remains relatively high throughout most of the embryo, with higher levels of expression in regions undergoing organogenesis and lower levels in organs which have already differentiated. RIHB protein is also weakly detectable in unincubated eggs as patches of immunoreactive material between the blastodisc and the vitelline. After 6 hours of incubation small regions of basement membrane are immunoreactive. RIHB is detected in this matrix, apparently before even fibronectin. The amount of RIHB protein increases dramatically over the first 24 hours of incubation. It is found in basement membrane separating the epiblast from the hypoblast, then later in that separating the ectoderm from the mesoderm. It is also detected surrounding individual cells, especially of the ectodermal layer. During neurulation RIHB is observed in the basement membrane surrounding the neural fold and the notochord, and in the lamina separating the ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal layers. Later in development, RIHB is detected in the basement membrane under the epidermis, throughout the developing limbs, and in the lamina of various developing organs, such as the eye, the pulmonary bud, the intestine, and the mesonephros. These results demonstrate that RIHB is highly expressed during the early embryonic period, by all three germ layers, and is an important and very early component of the embryonic extracellular matrix. Its very broad expression and localization argue for a more general role in development than its demonstrated weak neurotrophic activity. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

骨形成蛋白(BMP)复合材料的实验研究

作者利用异种、同种、半脱钙骨基质明胶和羟基磷灰石四种材料植入20只大鼠肌肉内,通过光学显微镜观察比较了各种材料的吸收速度、抗原性和成骨情况。结果表明,异种骨基质明胶在植骨早期有轻度的排斥反应。羟基磷灰石不易被吸收,无诱导成骨作用。同种骨基质明胶适合作为较小骨缺损的骨形成蛋白复合材料,修复较大骨缺损,半脱钙骨基质明胶是较佳的复合材料。     

Joint capsule matrix turnover in a rabbit model of chronic joint contractures: Correlation with human contractures.

To evaluate changes in matrix molecules of the joint capsule, the right knees of 24 skeletally mature female NZW rabbits were immobilized while the contralateral limb served as an unoperated control. The immobilization was discontinued at 8 weeks and the rabbits were divided among four groups (n = 6) based on the number of weeks the right knees were remobilized: 0, 8, 16, or 32. Three rabbits (six knees) that did not have operations provided normal control joint capsules. The mRNA levels for collagen types I, II, and III, and MMP-1 and -13 were significantly increased in the joint capsules of the contracture knees in all groups when compared to normal and contralateral limb joint capsules. In contrast, the mRNA levels for TIMP-1, -2, and -3 were decreased in the joint capsules of the contracture knees in all groups when compared to normal and contralateral limb joint capsules. The mRNA levels for lumican and decorin were increased in the joint capsules of the contracture knees in all groups when compared to normal capsules. Many of the changes observed in this animal model are similar to those observed in human joint capsules from posttraumatic elbow contractures, supporting the value of this rabbit model.     

再次液氮冷冻保存对猪主动脉瓣膜细胞活性及组织结构的影响

目的了解再次冷冻保存对主动脉瓣膜细胞活性及组织结构的影响,探讨液氮冷冻保存的主动脉瓣解冻后再次冷冻保存使用的可行性.方法将猪主动脉瓣叶在抗菌处理后按随机数字表法分成三组,每组6个瓣叶,组Ⅰ作对照,组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ控制降温速率降至-80℃后在液氮中保存,1个月后融化解冻.组Ⅲ解冻并在室温下放置15分钟后更换保存液,再次降温至-80℃后放入液氮中保存,2个月后再融化解冻.采用XTT比色法测定各组瓣膜细胞活性,用免疫荧光组织化学染色、光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜行组织学检测.结果组Ⅱ冷冻保存后瓣膜细胞活性下降到组Ⅰ的63.97%,组织结构一定程度受损;组Ⅲ瓣膜细胞活性下降至组Ⅰ的38.60%,组织结构损害也进一步加重.结论液氮冷冻保存的猪主动脉瓣一经解冻融化,不宜再次冷冻保存使用.     

体外培养的小鼠骨髓基质细胞对血细胞集落形成的支持

为探讨骨髓基质细胞在液体条件下支持造血的能力,对小鼠骨髓有核细胞体外培养,在液体培养基中形成基质细胞贴壁层,更换培养液,再种植骨髓有核细胞。结果在贴壁的基质细胞上形成了细胞集落。按细胞形态特征分为两类:一类为基质细胞集落,仅为偶见。另一类为造血细胞集落,数量较多,并且集落通过一定的结构与贴壁的基质细胞连接。结果提示,造血细胞集落的形成,需要有与骨髓基质细胞接触的微环境,并可对基质细胞的生长发育有一定的反作用。本文提出了造血细胞集落的液体培养法。     

胃癌组织中核基质蛋白的变化

目的：研究胃癌组织核基质蛋白的改变。方法：应用SDS－PAGE技术及Geneools定量分析软件，对22例胃癌组织及正常组织的核心基质蛋白进行了研究，结果：胃癌组织与正常组织比较，Mr为30000，28000的核基质蛋白表达量明显减少（P＜0．05），不同分化类型及不同临床分期胃癌组织间比较，此种核基质蛋白表达量差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05），结论：胃癌组织中核基质蛋白的改变可能在肿瘤的早期已经发生，是胃癌发生的早期分子事件。     

Modification of the Na,K-pump of glial cells within cobalt-induced epileptogenic cortex of rat

The characteristics of a glial Na⁺,K⁺-pump dependent on extracellular K⁺ within epileptogenic cortex were studied electrophysiologically, biochemically and histochemically in vitro using slices from cobalt-induced epileptogenic cortex of rat. When the extracellular K⁺ concentration ([K⁺]_o) was varied between 4 and 40 mM, the mean slope of membrane potential plotted against [K⁺]_o was about 57 mV in glia from the normal cortex (tissue A) and about 44 mV in glia from the epileptogenic cortex (tissue B); whereas no significant difference in the resting membrane potential of these tissues was observed. In glia from tissue B, a marked transient hyperpolarization above control level was caused by replacement of elevated [K⁺]_o with the normal medium. Ouabain abolished these phenomena observed in glia from tissue B, but had no effect on the membrane potential during normal [K⁺]_o. Reduction of extracellular Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻ did not significantly affect the membrane potential of glia from either tissue. In tissue A, the cells marked by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase after intracellular recording were protoplasmic astrocytes; in tissue B, fibrous astrocytes with abnormal processes predominated. K⁺-dependent stimulation of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity of the astrocyte-enriched fraction and its membrane preparation from tissue B was much larger than that from tissue A. A certain amount of the reaction product of K⁺-pNPPase activity was seen on glial plasma membrane within tissue B but not on that from tissue A. The above findings suggest that a glial Na⁺,K⁺-pump within actively firing epileptogenic cortex may be modified to increase in its activity.     

Bone remodeling during the development of osteoporosis in paraplegia

Summary Osteoporosis developing during the first weeks after the onset of traumatic paraplegia was studied with cortical and cancellous samples of iliac crest and tibia of 14 patients, and compared to normals. We used a procedure of bone particle fractionation (according to degree of mineralization) that allowed us to establish a profile reflecting the metabolic remodeling of bone and to analyze the organic matrix of the newly synthesized tissue. In paraplegics, we observed a large increase in the proportion of little calcified bone in the cortical as well as in the cancellous bone. Based on amino acid analyses, we found a decreased number of hydroxyproline residues in the newly synthesized organic matrix from paraplegia bone resulting either from an alteration of the prolyl hydroxylation or from the presence of an excess of noncollagen polypeptides. These results, together with previously published data reporting increased urinary hydroxylproline and calcium kinetic parameters, suggest an enhanced rate of skeletal remodeling in acute paraplegia. When investigated 2 years after injury, the patterns of distribution approach that of normal subjects.     

Polynomial matrix solution of H2 optimal control problem for state‐space systems

A polynomial matrix solution to the H₂ output feedback optimal control problems is obtained for systems represented in state‐equation form. The proof does not invoke the separation principle but is obtained in the z‐domain. The cost function includes weighted states, which allows the so‐called standard system model problem to be solved. This encompasses the class of inferential control problems. The results also enable the two‐degree‐of‐freedom optimal control solution properties to be explored. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.