南京市公立医院医务人员内外部工作动机对工作投入的影响研究

目的 分析公立医院医务人员的内外部工作动机对工作投入的影响机制及内外部动机之间的关系,为提高医务人员的工作投入提供借鉴。方法 利用工作动机量表和工作投入量表,采用分层抽样方法,选取南京市3家三级医院、4家二级医院和16家社区卫生服务中心的医务人员进行问卷调查。结果 结构方程模型显示,内部动机和外部动机对工作投入的各个维度的路径系数分别为0.42、0.35、0.33（P＜0.001）和0.21、0.23、0.29（P＜0.001）,内部动机和外部动机的交互项对工作投入的路径系数为- 0.13（P = 0.003）。说明医务人员内部动机、外部动机对工作投入各维度:工作活力、工作奉献和工作专注都有正向影响;外部动机与内部动机协同影响医务人员的工作投入。结论 医院应关注医生内部动机与外部动机间的差异以及工作动机对医生工作投入的影响的不同,有针对性地采用不同的激励手段,全面提升医务人员的职业素养。     

外固定器治疗小腿下段开放性骨折

目的：探讨外固定器对小腿下段开放性骨折的疗效。方法：12例患者经整复骨折后,在骨折断端各贯穿2枚3.5mm骨圆针,旋紧连接杆螺母使骨折面昆密接触,然后根据伤口具体情况关闭伤口。3周后功能锻炼。X线复查证实骨折达到或接近临床愈合时拆除外固定器,改用小夹板保护至骨折完全愈合。结果：10例达到临床愈合。2例6个月后达到临床愈合。结论：骨外固定器在小腿下段开放性骨折治疗中,既固定了骨折,又不干扰创口愈合,优于切开复位内固定、骨牵引或石膏固定等传统方法。     

Neglected medial swivel dislocation of talonavicular joint with calcaneus,cuboid and 5th metatarsal fractures – A case report

Talonavicular dislocation is a rare injury. Isolated medial or lateral talonavicular dislocations without disruption of subtalar joint are known as medial or lateral swivel dislocations respectively, both being extremely rare. We describe a rare case of neglected medial swivel dislocation with concomitant calcaneus, cuboid and 5th metatarsal fracture, which was managed with open reduction and fixation of talonavicular joint with k-wires and an external distractor. At 1 year follow up the patient was mobilizing full weight bearing without any pain or deformity, the radiographs showing well located talonavicular joint and healed calcaneus, cuboid and 5th metatarsal fractures. This is the first reported case of medial swivel talonavicular dislocation with associated calcaneum, cuboid and 5th metatarsal fracture to the best of our knowledge. This case report highlights the importance of maintaining high level of suspicion for diagnosing midfoot injuries in a polytraumatized patient as well as need of accurate and timely reduction of dislocation for good functional outcome.Level of clinical evidenceLevel 4.     

Duodenopancreatectomía cefálica y tutorización externa del conducto de Wirsung. Resultados de una serie de 80 casos consecutivos

IntroductionThere is controversy regarding the ideal pancreaticojejunostomy technique after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Many authors consider the external Wirsung stenting technique to be associated with a low incidence of fistula, morbidity and mortality. We analyse our experience with this technique.Patients and methodsA retrospective analysis of the morbidity and mortality of a series of 80 consecutive patients who had been treated surgically over a 6.5-year period for pancreatic head or periampullary tumors, performing pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreaticojejunostomy with external Wirsung duct stenting.ResultsMean patient age was 68.3 ± 9 years, and the resectability rate was 78%. The texture of the pancreas was soft in 51.2% of patients and hard in 48.8%. Pylorus-preserving resection was performed in 43.8%. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent tumor (68.8%), and R0 was confirmed in 70% of patients. Biochemical fistula was observed in 11.2%, pancreatic fistula grade B in 12.5% and C in 2.5%, whereas the abdominal reoperation rate was 10%. Median postoperative hospital stay was 16 days, and postoperative and 90-day mortality was 2.5%. Delayed gastric emptying was observed in 36.3% of patients, de novo diabetes in 12.5%, and exocrine insufficiency in 3. Patient survival rates after 1, 3 and 5 years were 80.2, 53.6 and 19.2%, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough our low rates of postoperative complications and mortality using external Wirsung duct stenting coincides with other more numerous recent series, it is necessary to perform a comparative analysis with other techniques, including more cases, to choose the best reconstruction technique after pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

中医外治法在慢性萎缩性胃炎中的应用研究进展

慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）是消化系统常见的慢性疾病,被认为是胃癌癌前病变,严重危害人类健康。如何有效促进胃黏膜的修复、抑制腺体的萎缩、阻断癌变是临床研究的热点。目前西医尚缺乏特效的治疗手段,近年来,大量研究结果表明,中医外治法在治疗CAG方面取得了显著成果,且具有简、便、效、廉等优势,深受患者青睐。现查阅近年来包括针刺法、灸法及贴敷法等在内的常用中医外治法治疗CAG的相关文献并进行综述,以期为临床治疗该病提供参考。     

解剖性保留控尿肌群技术在腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术中的临床应用价值

目的 探讨腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术（LRP）中解剖性保留控尿肌群技术对术后早期控尿功能恢复的影响,及其肿瘤学安全性。方法 回顾性队列研究。纳入2016年1月—2020年6月浙江大学医学院附属金华医院泌尿外科采用LRP治疗的前列腺癌患者共292例,将其中采用解剖性保留控尿肌群技术的83例纳入观察组;对另外209例接受经典前列腺癌根治术的患者与观察组患者进行1∶1倾向性评分匹配,选择其中83例纳入对照组。全组共166例,年龄45~75（64.0±7.3）岁,BMI 21~31（24.4±2.4）kg/m²。对比分析2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后病理TNM分期、Gleason评分、术后留置导尿时间、手术并发症和手术切缘阳性（PSM）率;采用Kaplan-Meier法评估患者3年、5年无生化复发（BCR）累积生存率;根据术后每天使用的尿垫数量进行控尿功能分级评估,分别于拔除导尿管后的当天（第1个24 h）、1周及1、3、6、12个月时,观察并对比2组患者控尿功能恢复情况。结果 2组患者年龄、临床分期、危险分级、膀胱颈和神经保留与否等临床基线特征比较,差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。全组166例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,术后恢复良好,无围手术期死亡病例。2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后病理TNM分期、术后Gleason评分、术后留置导尿时间和手术并发症比较,差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。观察组PSM率为10.84％（9/83）,低于对照组的13.25%（11/83）,但差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.23, P=0.633）。2组患者术后随访12~71个月,平均33.73个月。随访期间无死亡病例。观察组3年、5年无BCR累积生存率分别为90.2％和73.2%,对照组分别为91.4%和77.8%,2组差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.38, P=0.535）。在拔除导尿管后当天、1周及1、3、6个月,观察组完全控尿率分别为39.76%（33/83）、53.01%（44/83）、66.27%（55/83）、90.36%（75/83）和97.95%（81/83）,对照组为16.87%（14/83）、21.96%（18/83）、38.55%（32/83）、53.01%（44/83）和68.67%（57/83）;观察组控尿功能分级均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（Z=-4.24、-4.09、-3.78、-5.61、-4.99,P值均<0.001）;拔管后12个月,2组完全控尿率分别为98.80%（82/83）和93.98%（78/83）,控尿功能分级比较差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.67,P=0.094）。术后3个月,观察组控尿（完全+社交）率达100％（83/83）,高于对照组的73.49%（61/83）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=25.36, P<0.001）。结论 LRP中解剖性保留控尿肌群技术的应用有助于患者术后早期恢复控尿功能,且不影响手术的肿瘤学安全性。     

化痰祛瘀法治疗肝豆状核变性研究进展

肝豆状核变性(WD)在西医学上是铜代谢障碍导致全身多器官损害等为主要临床特征的常染色体隐性单基因遗传疾病,病变影响肝、脑、肾、角膜等重要脏器。中医通过对WD患者临床症状及病理改变的认识,认为WD的基本病理因素为痰浊、瘀血,二者相互作用而发病,以痰瘀互结为主要的病机,贯穿疾病发展始终,故而运用化痰祛瘀法治疗WD在临床中常见。众多研究表明运用中药汤剂、中医外治法化痰祛瘀治疗可以有效缓解WD患者临床症状,发挥排铜优势、改善肝纤维化、改善脑流动力学、抑制炎症和抗氧化应激作用,进而延缓疾病进程,控制疾病发展。现结合新近研究成果,对化痰祛瘀法在WD的临床应用予以综述,以期为临床治疗WD提供中西医结合治疗有效的方案及依据。     

The Effect of a PEEK Material‐Based External Fixator in the Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures with Non‐Transarticular External Fixation

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of a PEEK material‐based external fixator in the treatment of distal radius fractures with non‐transarticular external fixation.MethodsThere were 48 patients in this prospective comparative study. They were divided into two groups according to the materials used: the PEEK group and the titanium group. Wrist dorsiflexion, palmar flexion, pronation, supination, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, grip strength of the palm on the affected side, kneading force, Visual Analogue Scale/Score (VAS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, operation time, frequency of fluoroscopy procedures, and X‐ray results were compared between the two groups. Functional recovery was evaluated at the last follow‐up according to the wrist joint evaluation criteria.ResultsThe baseline data were comparable between the two groups, and no significant differences were found in age, sex, fracture types (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the results of DASH, grip strength, and recovery of pinch force and wrist function (dorsiflexion, clavicle, ulnar deviation, deviation, pronation, and supination) (P > 0.05). Normal limb function was achieved in the two groups of patients at an average of 6 weeks after surgery, and there was no significant difference in X‐ray examination radial height (10.60 ± 1.59 vs 11.00 ± 1.53, P = 0.687), radial inclination (1.11 ± 0.24 vs 1.12 ± 0.24, P = 0.798), volar tilt (10.33 ± 2.13 vs 10.00 ± 2.08, P = 0.660), ulnar variance (20.87 ± 3.00 vs 20.38 ± 3.04, P = 0.748), and step‐off persistence (1.73 ± 0.69 vs 1.68 ± 0.72, P = 0.425) between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the operation time (54.80 ± 12.20 vs 85.23 ± 15.14, P = 0.033) and number of fluoroscopy procedures (36.93 ± 6.89 vs 64.77 ± 9.74, P = 0.000) in the PEEK group were significantly reduced compared with those in the titanium group.ConclusionCompared with the traditional titanium external fixator, the PEEK composite external fixator has advantages, such as a shorter operation time and fewer fluoroscopy procedures when used to treat different types of distal radius fracture.     

The superior laryngeal nerve loop and its surgical implications

Summary Based upon findings from 60 cadavers (120 sides), the incidence of superior laryngeal nerve loop, connecting the cervical sympathetic chain and the superior laryngeal nerve and its branches, the external and internal laryngeal nerve, was 98.3% (118 out of 120 sides). In most cases the loop connected the sympathetic chain and the external laryngeal nerve. The external laryngeal nerve was looped, and not linear as traditionally thought. The loop could be divided into three categories, V-shaped, U-shaped and mixed, and subdivided into 5 types and 17 subtypes according to morphological variation. The loop without exception innervated not only the cricothyroid muscle, but also the thyroid gland. The loop is one of the origins of the thyroid nerve. It seems that for thyroid surgery the loop, when lower in position, should be carefully separated from the superior thyroid vessels before the latter are ligated, in order to preserve a normal nerve supply to the muscle as well as to the part of the gland that remains after surgery.

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L'anse du nerf larynge supérieur, étude anatomique et applications chirurgicales

Résumé La fréquence d'une anse du nerf laryngé supérieur réalisant une anastomose entre la chaine sympathique cervicale et le nerf laryngé supérieur et/ou ses branches (rameau laryngé externe et ingerne), est de 98,3 % (118/120). Ce résultat s'appuie sur l'étude de 60 cadavres. Dans la plupart des cas, l'anastomose se fait entre la chaine sympathique cervicale et le rameau laryngé externe. Ce rameau laryngé externe a un trajet curviligne et non linéaire conformément aux données classiques. Il existe trois catégories d'anses : en "V", en "U" et mixte ; on peut également les subdiviser en 5 types et 17 sous-types en fonction des variations morphologiques. Cette anse innerve constamment non seulement le muscle cricothyroïdien mais aussi la glande thyroïde dont elle fournit une partie de l'innervation. Lors de la chirurgie thyroïdienne, si l'anse est en position basse, les nerfs doivent être soigneusement disséqués et séparés des vaisseaux thyroïdiens supérieurs avant ligature de ces derniers de façon à conserver l'innervation normale du muscle et de la partie restante de la glande.