祖师麻膏药治疗寒湿痹阻型类风湿关节炎腕关节病变40例

目的:观察祖师麻膏药治疗寒湿痹阻型类风湿关节炎腕关节病变的临床疗效。方法:将60例寒湿痹阻型类风湿关节炎腕关节病变患者用简单随机分组的方法分为观察组(40例)和对照组(20例)。观察组给予祖师麻膏双腕关节贴敷治疗;对照组给予吲哚美辛巴布膏双腕关节贴敷治疗,每组治疗周期均为2周。观察治疗前与治疗后疼痛VAS评分、腕关节功能活动度、晨僵时间、类风湿因子(RF)、血沉(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和腕关节B超检测结果及不良反应。结果:临床痊愈率观察组为55.00%,对照组为35.00%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);总有效率观察组为97.50%,对照组为90.00%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。VAS、晨僵时间、RF、ESR、CRP等指标治疗后2组均明显改善(P0.05),观察组改善更明显(P0.05)。超声对腕关节病变检出率治疗后2组均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组均未出现明显不良反应和毒副作用。结论:祖师麻膏药治疗寒湿痹阻型类风湿关节炎腕关节病变安全、有效,可以显著缓解患者腕关节疼痛及活动受限症状。     

Residing in a food desert is associated with an increased risk of readmission following esophagectomy for cancer

BackgroundNutritional status is related to treatment outcomes for esophageal cancer. Residing in a food desert (FD) has been associated with worse outcomes in breast and colon cancer. We assessed the association of residing in a FD on 30-day outcomes of esophageal cancer patients who received tri-modality therapy.MethodsA retrospective review of patients who underwent esophagectomy (1/2015 to 7/2020, in New Hampshire, USA) was performed. Patients were excluded if they did not undergo neo-adjuvant treatment, required treatment outside of standard Chemoradiotherapy for Oesophageal Cancer Followed by Surgery Study (CROSS) protocol, or lacked both pre and post neo-adjuvant treatment computed tomography (CT) scans for review. Demographics, nutrition parameters, treatment characteristics, 30-day complications and 90-day mortality were reviewed. FD status was defined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Access Research Atlas and cross-referenced with patients’ home zip code. Readmission was defined as readmission to any hospital for any reason within 30-day of discharge. Univariable analysis was conducted using Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum for continuous variables, and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Multivariable logistic regression was then used to model readmission status on FD status adjusted for measures statistically associated with readmission status at the P<0.10 in univariable analyses.ResultsSeventy-eight patients were included in the analysis. Overall pre-treatment prevalence of sarcopenia was 11.5% (9/78) and did not vary by FD status. Univariable analysis, demonstrated few significant differences between those who were readmitted and those who were not. On unadjusted analysis, patients who lived in a FD were 5 times more likely to be readmitted [5.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.70–15.67] compared to those who did not. Residing in a FD remained a significant risk factor for readmission after adjustment for operative time, discharge to a rehabilitation facility and development of a grade III/IV complication [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 6.38; 95% CI: 1.45–28.08].ConclusionsOur data suggest that residing in a FD is a prognostic factor for readmission after tri-modality therapy for esophageal cancer. Clinicians need to be aware that previously established nutritional markers may not completely capture nutritional status and living in a FD may significantly increase the risk of readmission in these patients.     

The effects of oral steroid duration on stricture prevention after extensive endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal cancer

BackgroundEsophageal stricture is a major complication of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with superficial esophageal cancer (SEC). Oral steroids have been used to prevent esophageal stricture in patients with more than 75% of the esophageal circumference resected. However, there are no established guidelines regarding the optimal duration of steroid use. This retrospective observational study aimed to compare the incidence of esophageal stricture according to the period of prophylactic oral steroid use and to identify the risk factors for esophageal stricture.MethodsEighty-one patients who were prescribed prophylactic steroid after undergoing ESD for SEC with more than 75% of esophageal circumference resected were enrolled. Patients were classified into the four-week steroid group (n=72) or eight-week steroid group (n=9) to compare the incidence of esophageal stricture. In addition, the patients were subdivided into those who developed esophageal stricture (n=24) and those who did not (n=57) to identify the risk factors for esophageal stricture.ResultsTwenty patients (27.8%) in the four-week oral steroid group and four patients (44.4%) in the eight-week oral steroid group developed esophageal stricture (P=0.44). The univariable analysis identified tumor size, longitudinal length of semi-circumferential resection, and proportion of circumferential resection as risk factors of esophageal stricture. The multivariable analysis identified the proportion of circumferential resection as an independent risk factor. After adjusting for the proportion of circumferential resection, the incidence of stricture was marginally higher in the eight-week steroid group [P=0.05; odds ratio (OR): 5.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–32.15].ConclusionsEight weeks of oral steroid prophylaxis does not reduce the risk of stricture after extensive ESD more than four weeks of oral steroid prophylaxis. The proportion of circumferential resection is the strongest risk factor for stricture in patients with SEC undergoing ESD.     

脑白质病变MRI视觉分级方法的比较

目的:比较7种常用的脑白质病变(WMLs)MRI视觉分级方法,评价各分级之间的相关性和一致性,并计算两两间相互转化的参数.方法:随机选取50例MRI T2-FLAIR显示有不同程度WMLs患者,由两名医师分别用7种分级方法对其WMLs进行评分. 视觉分级间的相关性评价采用Spearman 等级相关分析,不同评估者之间的一致性分析采用Kappa检验,通过回归分析计算各分级间相互转化的参数.结果:不同视觉分级在WMLs评分上均有较强的相关性(相关系数rs: 0.579～0.917, P＜0.05). 除Schelten(modilified)分级和Ylikoski分级外,其它分级在不同观察者间的一致性好(κ＞0.585). 除Aharon-Peretz J分级和De Groot JC分级外,通过回归分析得出了其它5个分级间相互转化的参数,其确定系数R2的范围为0.5856～0.8892.结论:7种不同白质病变的MRI视觉分级间有较好的相关性,而不同评估者间Aharon-Peretz J分级的一致性最好.     

快速现场评价在经气管镜超声引导针吸活检诊断纵隔病灶中的应用

目的 探讨快速现场评价(ROSE)在经气管镜超声引导针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)诊断纵隔肿物中的价值.方法 回顾性分析该院211例通过胸部CT显示纵隔/肺门病灶(包括肿大的淋巴结/肿块)的患者的临床资料,在有或无快速现场细胞学评价(C-ROSE)下行EBUS-TBNA检查.结果 C-ROSE组和未行C-ROSE组的敏...     

138例晚期食管癌的化疗疗效和预后因素分析

背景与目的:晚期食管癌患者预后差,目前仍无标准的治疗方案,影响其预后的独立因素也不明确。本研究旨在分析晚期食管癌的化疗疗效,并探讨影响其预后的因素。方法:回顾性分析中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学肿瘤医院1984年12月至2006年4月收治的、经病理和/或细胞学确诊的138例初治晚期食管鳞癌患者的临床资料。全组患者分为新药组(含紫杉醇、健择或草酸铂)和非新药组(不含紫杉醇、健择或草酸铂)。新药组有68例,其中化疗方案中含顺铂64例(94.1%);非新药组有70例,其中化疗方案中含顺铂48例(68.6%)。对可能影响生存因素的比较采用log-rank检验,死亡相对风险的比较采用Cox比例风险模型进行计算。结果:全组138例患者的化疗有效率47.8%,中位疾病进展时间4个月,中位生存时间10个月。采用含紫杉醇或健择化疗新药组患者有效率(58.8%)明显高于非新药组(37.1%)(P=0.011)。单因素分析表明,年龄、治疗前血红蛋白水平、化疗周期数、化疗近期疗效、疾病进展时间以及治疗手段与预后相关。多因素分析表明,疾病进展时间、治疗手段、疗前血红蛋白水平是影响生存的独立预后因素。结论:紫杉醇或健择联合顺铂方案用于晚期食管癌化疗有较高的有效性。疾病进展时间、治疗手段、疗前血红蛋白水平是影响生存的独立预后因素。     

Integrative treatment of herbal medicine with western medicine on coronary artery lesions in children with Kawasaki disease

Background:Kawasaki disease (KD) is a major cause of coronary artery lesions (CALs) in children. Approximately 10% to 20% of children treated with intravenous immunoglobulin are intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of adding herbal medicine to conventional western medicines versus conventional western medicines alone for CALs in children with KD.Methods:This study searched 9 electronic databases until August 31, 2021. The inclusion criteria were the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the CALs in children with KD and compared integrative treatment with conventional western treatments. Two authors searched independently for RCTs, including eligible articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using Cochrane Collaboration''s Review Manager 5.4 software. The effect size was presented as the risk ratio (RR), and the fixed-effect models were used to pool the results.Results:The finally selected 12 studies included a total of 1030 KD patients. According to a meta-analysis, the integrative treatment showed better results than the conventional treatment in the CAL prevalence rate (RR = 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–2.71; P < .00001), CAL recovery rate (RR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05–1.54; P = .02), and total effective rate (RR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11–1.23; P < .00001). Only 2 studies referred to the safety of the treatment. The asymmetrical funnel plot of the CAL prevalence rate indicated the possibility of potential publication bias.Conclusions:This review found the integrative treatment to be more effective in reducing the CAL prevalence rate and increasing the CAL recovery rate and total effective rate in KD patients than conventional western treatment. However, additional well-designed RCTs will be needed further to compensate restrictions of insufficient trials on safety, methodological quality, and publication bias.     

顺铂不同给药方式治疗晚期食管癌的临床观察

目的:观察顺铂不同给药方式治疗晚期食管癌的临床疗效和安全性。方法 :选择符合标准的晚期食管癌患者130例,按随机数字表法分为5日组(49例)、3日组(44例)和1日组(37例)。5日组、3日组、1日组患者分别给予顺铂15 mg/m2、25 mg/m2、80mg/m2,加入0.9%氯化钠注射液500 ml中静脉滴注,每日1次,用药时间分别为第1⁵天、第15天、第1³天、第1天。所有患者用药期间均适当补充液体水化利尿;同时将5-氟尿嘧啶2 500 mg/m2加入5%葡萄糖注射液中,共240 ml,以2 ml/h流速持续静脉泵入120 h。化疗当天及化疗后3 d均给予甲氧氯普安片10 mg,口服,tid。化疗前0.5 h给予苯海拉明20 mg,肌肉注射,qd;地塞米松10 mg,静脉注射,qd;格拉司琼3 mg加入0.9%氯化钠注射液50 ml中,静脉注射,qd。21 d为1个周期,2个周期后评价疗效及毒性反应,随防12个月的中位无进展生存期(PFS)及中位生存期(OS)。结果:3组患者总有效率、PFS、OS比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。1日组患者粒细胞减少、恶心呕吐、乏力发生例数显著高于3日组和5日组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但3日组与5日组组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有患者均无明显的心、肾毒性,无化疗相关性死亡。结论:顺铂不同给药方式治疗晚期食管癌均具有一定疗效,但连续多日给药方式较1日给药方式安全性更好。     

生津增效汤对食管癌放疗患者免疫功能及外周血细胞凋亡影响的研究

目的观察中药生津增效汤对食管癌患者放疗前后细胞免疫功能及外周血细胞凋亡的影响。方法将154例食管鳞癌患者随机分为放疗组和治疗组,治疗前后分别检测各组外周血自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性、B淋巴细胞、CD3+、CD4+/CD8+水平和细胞凋亡情况。结果放疗同时口服生津增效汤的患者CD3+、NK细胞、B淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+值明显高于治疗前的水平(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率明显下降(P<0.05)。结论生津增效汤可以明显改善食管癌患者放疗后的细胞免疫功能状态,减少外周血细胞凋亡。     

缺氧对食管癌细胞缺氧诱导因子-1α及己糖激酶表达的影响

目的探讨不同缺氧程度对食管癌细胞株TE1中缺氧诱导因子-1α（Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α）及糖酵解关键酶表达的影响。方法 TE1细胞分别在正常氧分压和缺氧条件下培养,缺氧时间设定为6、12、24及48h,使用Western blot方法检测缺氧培养不同时间后细胞中HIF-1α及糖酵解关键酶己糖激酶II（Hexokinase-II,HK-II）的蛋白水平表达变化。结果常氧及缺氧条件下TE1细胞中HIF-1α及HK-II均有表达,缺氧后表达均较常氧培养时明显增强,且随缺氧时间不同而呈先增多后减少的动态变化。结论低氧能够增加食管癌细胞中HIF-1α及HK-II表达而促进糖酵解进程,联合抑制HIF-1α和糖酵解酶可能成为治疗食管癌的潜在的靶点。