食管癌血管生成与淋巴结转移的关系

目的 探讨食管因管生成与淋巴结转移的关系,方法 采用免疫组织化学的方法检测了1994－1995年手术切除的50例食管癌病人石蜡标本中微血管密度和血管内皮生长因子及受体蛋白的表达。其中有食管旁淋巴结转移者18例,胃左动脉旁淋巴结转移15例。光镜下行MVD、VEGF、Flt、KDR蛋白表达细胞的计数。结果 食管旁和胃左动脉旁淋巴结转移组的微血管密度（MVD）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、血管同皮生长因子受体（Flt、KDR）蛋白表达均高于未转移组,结论 食管癌中MVD、VEGF、Flt、KDR蛋白表达与肿瘤转移行为密切相关,有可能作为判定肿瘤生物学行为、转移潜能及预后的指标。     

内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失驰缓症临床应用研究

目的 :探讨贲门失弛缓症患者食管动力学及气囊扩张的疗效。方法 :在内镜及X线监视下 ,用OTW气囊对 1 6例患者进行扩张 ,压力为 80～ 1 5 5kPa,维持 30s～1min ,反复 3～ 5次。对 7例患者在扩张前后使用瑞典产C—TD、PCPolyral压力测定仪作了下食管括约肌 (LES)压力、上食管括约肌 (UES)压力检测。结果 :1 6例患者临床症状显著改善 ,可进半流食和普食。 7例患者治疗前LES压力 (7 4± 1 4)kPa,扩张治疗LES压力 (3 4± 0 5 2 )kPa ,扩张治疗后LES压力较治疗前明显下降 (P <0 0 1 )。结论 :贲门失弛缓症存在明显食管动力障碍 ,气囊扩张疗效显著 ,采用渐进式气囊扩张方法 ,可避免食管穿孔的发生。     

重度阻塞性肺病患者食管癌切除同期肺减容手术临床探讨

目的　探讨重度阻塞性肺病患者食管癌切除同期肺减容手术 (lungvolumereductionsurgeryLVRS) ,手术方法及预后。方法　 2例重度肺气肿食管癌患者食管癌切除同期一侧肺减容手术 ,切除左肺上叶 1/ 3,下叶 1/ 3,切除一侧肺容量 30 %。术前术后肺功能、呼吸困难指数分级对比。结果　 2例病人均平稳渡过围手术期 ,呼吸困难部分改善 ,指数分级由Ⅲ级上升Ⅱ级 ,肺功能 1s肺活量FEV1增加 16% ,PaO2 增加 1 90kPa( 1 5mmHg)。结论　肺减容手术为部分重度阻塞性肺病患者提供了一种全新的治疗方法 ,为合并其它胸外科疾患 ,如食管癌平稳渡过围手术期 ,以及术后肺功能改善创造了条件     

食管癌组织的微血管密度及其临床病理意义

目的探讨微血管密度在食管癌中的临床病理学意义。方法应用免疫组织化学SP法,对65例食管鳞状细胞癌患者的手术切除标本,进行血管内皮细胞CD     

长链非编码RNA反义RNA 1靶向微小RNA-501-3p对食管癌细胞恶性生物学行为影响的实验研究

目的探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)胸腺生成素反义RNA 1(TMPO-AS1)对食管癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响及其机制。方法2016年6月至2019年12月,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测20例食管癌组织和癌旁组织中lncRNA TMPO-AS1和微小RNA(miR)-501-3p的水平,食管癌Eca109细胞分为lncRNA TMPO-AS1干扰组(转染si-NC和si-TMPO-AS1);miR-501-3p过表达组(转染miR-NC和miR-501-3p);lncRNA TMPO-AS1过表达组(转染pcDNA和pcDNA-TMPO-AS1);lncRNA TMPO-AS1和miR-501-3p共抑制组(转染si-TMPO-AS1+anti-miR-NC和si-TMPO-AS1+anti-miR-501-3p)。噻唑蓝(MTT)法、流式细胞术和Transwell实验分别检测食管癌Eca109细胞增殖、凋亡率、细胞迁移和侵袭能力,蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测相关蛋白水平,双荧光素酶报告系统验证lncRNA TMPO-AS1与miR-501-3p的调控关系。两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差进行分析。结果食管癌组织组中的lncRNA TMPO-AS1水平(2.64±0.26)高于癌旁组织(1.00±0.09,t=26.657,P<0.05),miR-501-3p水平(0.44±0.04)低于癌旁组织(1.00±0.07,t=31.063,P<0.05);干扰lncRNA TMPO-AS1的Eca109细胞24 h增殖(0.36±0.03)低于si-NC组(0.39±0.03,t=2.121,P<0.05),48 h增殖(0.45±0.04)低于si-NC组(0.75±0.07,t=11.163,P<0.05),72 h增殖(0.57±0.05)低于si-NC组(1.16±0.09,t=17.191,P<0.05),迁移细胞数[(54.14±5.65)个]低于si-NC组[(113.02±9.87)个,t=15.531,P<0.05],侵袭细胞数[(47.69±5.01)个]低于si-NC组[(96.32±9.88)个,t=13.169,P<0.05],细胞凋亡率[(22.15±2.22)%]高于si-NC组[(6.98±0.69)%,t=19.576,P<0.05];过表达miR-501-3p的Eca109细胞48 h增殖(0.51±0.05)低于miR-NC组(0.77±0.07,t=9.067,P<0.05),72 h增殖(0.65±0.06)低于miR-NC组(1.15±0.09,t=13.867,P<0.05),迁移细胞数[(61.23±6.33)个]低于miR-NC组[(115.25±9.25)个,t=14.458,P<0.05],侵袭细胞数[(53.14±5.33)]低于miR-NC组[(98.32±8.47)个,t=13.543,P<0.05],细胞凋亡[(19.58±1.74)%]高于miR-NC组[(7.23±0.77)%,t=19.471,P<0.05],差异均有统计学意义。结论lncRNA TMPO-AS1通过靶向miR-501-3p促进食管癌细胞的恶性生物学行为,可被视为食管癌患者的潜在治疗靶标。     

Is barium esophagram enough? Comparison of esophageal motility found on barium esophagram to high resolution manometry

BackgroundThe aim of the study is to determine if barium esophagram (BE) alone is sufficient to diagnose esophageal dysmotility when compared to the gold standard, high-resolution manometry (HRM).MethodsThis is a retrospective review of patients that underwent laparoscopic fundoplication by two surgeons at a single institution from 10/1/2015-6/29/2019. Patients with large paraesophageal hernias and patients without both BE and HRM were excluded.ResultsForty-six patients met the inclusion criteria. BE was found to be concordant with HRM for esophageal motility in only 21 patients (46%). Setting HRM as the gold standard, BE had a sensitivity of 14% (95% CI: 5%–35%), specificity of 72% (95% CI: 52%–86%), PPV of 30% (95% CI: 11%–60%), and NPV of 50% (95% CI: 35%–66%). The accuracy was 46%, while a McNemar test showed p = 0.028.ConclusionTraditional BE should not be used in place of HRM for assessing pre-operative motility in patients undergoing anti-reflux surgery.     

Is the placement of jejunostomy tubes in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy associated with increased inpatient healthcare utilization? An analysis of the National Readmissions Database

BackgroundPatients undergoing esophagectomy often receive jejunostomy tubes (j-tubes) for nutritional supplementation. We hypothesized that j-tubes are associated with increased post-esophagectomy readmissions.Study designWe identified esophagectomies for malignancy with (EWJ) or without (EWOJ) j-tubes using the 2010–2015 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Outcomes include readmission, inpatient mortality, and complications. Outcomes were compared before and after propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsOf 22,429 patients undergoing esophagectomy, 16,829 (75.0%) received j-tubes. Patients were similar in age and gender but EWJ were more likely to receive chemotherapy (24.2% vs. 15.1%, p < 0.01). EWJ was associated with decreased 180-day inpatient mortality (HR 0.72 [0.52–0.99]) but not with higher readmissions at 30- (15.2% vs. 14.0%, p = 0.16; HR 0.9 [0.77–1.05]) or 180 days (25.2% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.37; HR 0.94 [0.79–1.10]) or increased complications (p = 0.37). These results were confirmed in the PSM cohort.ConclusionJ-tubes placed in the setting of esophagectomy do not increase inpatient readmissions or mortality.     

Esofaguectomía «tubeless»: menos es más

The esophageal cancer surgery is a complex procedure with elevated rates of both morbidity and mortality, which is why, in order to achieve adequate results, it should be performed in high volume centers, where complete multidisciplinary support is available and recent clinical guidelines are applied. We describe the initial experience and the technique of “tubeless” esophagectomy where esophageal resection and mediastinal lymphadenectomy are performed and no drains nor tubes of any kind are placed, with the aim to decrease the level of surgical aggression, enhance the postoperative comfort and accelerate the patient?s recovery.     

Esophageal adenocarcinoma after sleeve gastrectomy: actual or potential threat? Italian series and literature review

BackgroundSleeve gastrectomy (SG) leads to esophageal mucosal damage in an elevated percentage of cases, configuring a clinical condition of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) in a proportion as high as 15–18.8%. BE may rarely evolve into esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).ObjectivesTo raise awareness of BE as a precancerous lesion which may progress toward malignancy after this popular bariatric procedure.SettingBariatric referral centers, Italy.MethodsAll patients referred to our bariatric center who developed an EAC after SG between 2012 and 2019 were reviewed and consecutively included in this study. The available scientific literature regarding this complication is additionally reviewed.ResultsThe 3 male patients comprised in this case series underwent laparoscopic SG between 2012 and 2015 in different bariatric referral centers. Age and body mass index at baseline ranged from 21–54 years and 43.1–75.6 kg/m², respectively. All patients were lost to follow-up early after surgery (3.7 ± 1.4 months), and were diagnosed with EAC at a mean of 27.3 ± 7.6 months after SG. The 4 reported cases in the scientific literature developed an EAC at a mean of 32.5 ± 23 months from SG. Overall, a diagnosis of EAC was made approximately 30.3 ± 17.1 months postoperatively, which seems relatively and worryingly early after surgery.ConclusionAlthough the rate and probability of progression from BE to EAC is still not well defined, assuming that the rising popularity and execution of SG leads to a growth in the BE incidence, then the preoperative identification and stratification of cancer risk factors in this subset of patients is strongly encouraged. Clinical and endoscopic follow-ups are essential to allow for prevention and early diagnosis and for epidemiologic data collection purposes.     

Algorithmic Approach to Fibroinflammatory Sinonasal Tract Lesions

Fibroinflammatory lesions of the sinonasal tract are one of the most common head and neck lesions submitted to surgical pathology. When the fibroinflammatory pattern represents the lesion (i.e., not surface reactive ulceration), an algorithmic approach can be useful. Separated into reactive, infectious, and neoplastic, and then further divided based on common to rare, this logical progression through a series of differential considerations allows for many of these lesions to be correctly diagnosed. The reactive lesions include chronic rhinosinusitis and polyps, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis. Infectious etiologies include acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, rhinoscleroma, and mycobacterial infections. The neoplastic category includes lobular capillary hemangioma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Utilizing patterns of growth, dominant cell types, and additional histologic features, selected ancillary studies help to confirm the diagnosis, guiding further clinical management.