Cystitis as a correlate of female urinary incontinence

The objectives of the research were to study the association between prevalent urge and stress urinary incontinence (UI) and a history of cystitis in adult females. A cross-section of the adult female population, aged 30–59 years, in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, was studied, using self-reported data based on postal questionnaires. The sample consisted of 3114 women, out of whom 2613 (84%) delivered the information requested. The main outcome measures were period prevalence in 1987 of episodes of UI provoked by physical stress and UI associated with a feeling of urge, prevalence of experience of episodes of cystitis and UI related to cystitis in adult life, and prevalence of relative risks, as indicated by odds ratio (OR), of UI conditional on cystitis experience. Results indicated that the 1987 period prevalences of UI provoked by physical stress and UI associated with a feeling of urge were 15% and 9%, respectively. Forty-five per cent reported a history of cystitis and 10% of UI during episodes of cystitis. Both UI provoked by stress and UI associated with a feeling of urge were significantly correlated to cystitis (OR 2.1, P<0.0001, and 1.8, P<0.0001, respectively) and to UI during episodes of cystitis (OR 7.1, P<0.0001, and 5.7, P<0.0001, respectively). When corrected for the stress aspect, UI being associated with a feeling of urge showed no association of its own to a history of cystitis. However, stress and urge aspects were both correlated to the experience of UI during episodes of cystitis. The prevalence of experience of cystitis increased with increasing number of urologic (per operation OR 2.1, P<0.0001) and gynecologic operations (per operation OR 1.5, P<0.0001), e.g. curretage (per operation OR 1.2, P<0.001), but not with the number of abdominal operations or the number of childbirths. It was concluded that cystitis may be an important component of UI etiology. Stress and not urge UI seems to be the key type related to a history of cystitis in general. The experience of UI during cystitis is connected to both stress and urge UI. A history of cystitis may possibly itself by initiated by surgery.     

Early diagnosis of SARS: lessons from the Toronto SARS outbreak

The clinical presentation of SARS is nonspecific and diagnostic tests do not provide accurate results early in the disease course. Initial diagnosis remains reliant on clinical assessment. To identify features of the clinical assessment that are useful in SARS diagnosis, the exposure status and the prevalence and timing of symptoms, signs, laboratory and radiographic findings were determined for all adult patients admitted with suspected SARS during the Toronto SARS outbreak. Findings were compared between patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS and those in whom SARS was excluded by laboratory or public health investigation. Of 364 cases, 273 (75%) had confirmed SARS, 30 (8%) were excluded, and 61 (17%) remained indeterminate. Among confirmed cases, exposure occurred in the healthcare environment (80%) or in the households of affected patients (17%); community or travel-related cases were rare (<3%). Fever occurred in 97% of patients by the time of admission. Respiratory findings including cough, dyspnea and pulmonary infiltrates evolved later and were present in only 59, 37 and 68% of patients, respectively, at admission. Direct exposure, fever on the first day of illness, and elevated temperature, pulmonary infiltrates, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia at admission were associated with confirmed cases. Rhinorrhea, sore throat, and an elevated neutrophil count at admission were associated with excluded cases. In the absence of fever or significant exposure, SARS is unlikely. Other clinical, laboratory and radiographic findings further raise or lower the likelihood of SARS and provide a rational basis for estimating the likelihood of SARS and directing initial management.     

2006年四川省大骨节病病情调查结果分析

目的 了解四川省大骨节病病情现状.方法 对20个大骨节病病区县进行儿童右手X线检查、成人大骨节病病情调查,采集儿童发样及当地主食粮样进行含硒量检测.结果 儿童临床检出率平均为1.02%;X线检出率平均为2.12%(0～13.16%),其中10.00%及以上的病区村有13个.成人临床检出率平均为27.02%(3.34%～53.08%),其中Ⅰ度16.73%、Ⅱ度7.79%、Ⅲ度2.49%.儿童发硒水平平均为(0.289±0.079)mg/kg,粮食硒水平平均为(0.023±0.021)mg/kg.结论 四川省大部分地区儿童大骨节病病情处于控制或基本控制范围,但局部地区尚处于较高新发病水平,成人大骨节病病情较为严重.     

THE CLINICAL AND NEURO-ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC STUDY ON CORTICOBASAL DEGENERATION

目的：探讨皮质基底节变性(CBD)患者的临床和神经电生理特征。方法：对29例临床诊断为CBD患者，系统分析其临床症状、体征、常规化验检查、脑CT／MRI、SPECT以及神经电生理改变，并与其它疾病相对比。结果：结果显示，29例患者均出现不对称性帕金森样表现，皮层功能受损占79．3％，其它功能障碍占37．9％。21例患者脑CT或MRI显示不对称性脑萎缩，SPECT显示额顶区低灌注表现，以受损肢体的功能区较明显。EEG显示19例患者出现不对称性慢波，伴有肌阵挛的15例病人，表面肌电图显示患肢随意运动时可诱发巨大电位，皮层反应增强，SEP无特殊变化，运动诱发电位检查，26例患者中枢运动传导时间正常。结论：CBD是一种累及皮层和基底节、病程以缓慢进展为特征的变性性疾病。大部分患者可出现帕金森综合征样表现，皮层及其他运动功能障碍。脑影象学显示额顶叶萎缩。神经电生理检查表现为皮层兴奋性增强，而锥体束传导功能正常。     

某部队急性腹泻病监测报告 Ⅰ.流行病学部分

１９９１年６月～１９９２年５月在驻粤某部队进行了急性腹泻病的主动监测。年发病率为０．６４～１．０次／人／年。发病率与相对湿度（Ｘ２）、气温（Ｘ３），特别是雨量（Ｘ１）的关系经多元回归分析表明呈正相关。ｙ＝１．９８＋０．０２ｘ１＋０．０２ｘ２＋０．０７ｘ３，ｒ＝０．８７２７，Ｐ＜０．０１。病例－对照研究结果提示，饭前、便后不洗手等生活习惯用腹泻发病有密切关系。２６．３％的患者有淋雨、腹部受凉或感冒等     

中国大陆首例广州管圆线虫病区流行病学的调查

本文报告1984年10月在广东省徐闻县友好农场首例广州管圆线虫病区进行的流行病学调查。家鼠、褐云玛瑙螺、足襞蛞蝓、黑眶蟾蜍的感染率分别为28.57%(4/14)、33.83%(158/467)、29.19%(54/185)、4.76%(2/42)。并对徐闻县地理概况和人群进行了调查(生活习惯、卫生习惯、病史回顾、血涂片检查末梢血液嗜酸性粒细胞)。对于人群感染不多的原因,作者从感染途径(皮肤感染)、感染方式(食螺方式)进行了探讨。本调查资料为当地群众防治本病提供资料。     

Clinical characteristics of rapidly progressive leuko-araiosis

Introduction – 38 patients found to have either pure leuko-araiosis (LA) or LA combined with infarction(s) on computer tomography (CT) in 1989 were re-examined in 1992 in order to evaluate the progression of LA. The follow-up period averaged 3.2 years. Material and methods - The clinical and radiological data on patients in 1989 were collected from hospital records and re-evaluated. The patients were re-examined clinically (including 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement), and neuroradiologically (CT) in 1992 for this study. Results – 11 (29%) patients were found to have significant (rapid) progression of the extent of LA on CT during the follow-up. At baseline, there was no significant difference in the mean number of brain infarctions between the groups with progressing (prLA) and non-progressing LA (nprLA) or between the number of cortical and central infarctions within these groups. At follow-up, the total number of infarctions had increased significantly in both groups, but it was mostly because of the increase in cortical infarctions in the prLA group (p = 0.043) and, conversely, the central ones in the nprLA group (p = 0.011). prLA was found to be related to heart failure (82% vs 37%, p = 0.029) and atrial fibrillation (55% vs 19%, p = 0.047), whereas nprLA was strongly associated with a sudden onset of symptoms (78% vs prLA 18%, p = 0.001) like a-true brain infarction. Other clinical factors, including mean blood pressure and heart rate, did not clearly differentiate between the groups. Conclusion - The results suggest that there are different subgroups of patients with LA associated with various vascular factors. The occurrence of LA is not related to the distribution of infarctions. The progression of LA is not related to the number of brain infarctions or to the simultaneous increase of infarctions on CT.     

Hepatitis B and Delta virus infection among heterosexuals,homosexuals and bisexual men

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) infection rates were estimated in patients attending a venereal disease outpatient clinic: 759 heterosexuals and 154 homosexual-bisexual men. The anti-HBC prevalence was higher in homo-bisexual men (68.8 per 100) than in heterosexuals (41.8 per 100), whereas HBsAg was roughly the same in the two groups (about 6 per 100). The anti-HBc prevalence rate among heterosexuals was higher than that estimated in hospital personnel from the same geographical area. A positive association between anti-HBc prevalence and present or past sexually transmitted diseases (STD) was found among homo-bisexual men. Anti-HBc was also positively associated with herpes simplex type 2 antibodies in both heterosexuals and homo-bisexual men. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that sexual behavior also plays a role in the spread of infection among heterosexuals. Ten of the 46 HBsAg-positive subjects were anti-HDV positive: 6 of the 36 heterosexuals and 4 of the 10 homosexuals. All HDV-positive subjects had present or past STDs. These findings suggest sexual transmission of HDV infection.     

Brain stem tuberculoma in adult patients: Diagnosis and treatment

A consecutive series of six adult patients ranging in age from 29 to 53 years is presented. The clinical and radiological features in each patient are described. Attention is drawn to the features demonstrated on computed axial tomography. In only one patient, the first encountered, was surgical excision undertaken and histological verification obtained. One patient died before any form of treatment could be instituted. The remaining four patients were treated with antituberculous chemotherapy alone and their progress monitored by sequential computed tomography. The excellent response and good outcome in this conservatively treated group are documented.