不同人群生殖道解脲支原体感染症流行病学研究

本文报告了对２８１名女性性乱者和３００名正常对照妇女生殖道解脲支原体（Ｕｕ）感染状况的流行病学研究。性乱妇女生殖道Ｕｕ感染率为５４．４５％，其他性病患病率为２４．５６％，而正常对照妇女分别为２８．６７％和０．６７％，差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ〈０．０１）。分析结果表明：生殖道Ｕｕ感染的主要流行因素为性生活混乱、性伴数多、性活动初始年龄较小、社会经济地位低、文化程度差等；性接触是主要传播途径；选用避孕套     

各型成人高原心脏病的临床特点

本文报告了303例各型成人高原心脏病的临床分析结果。成人高原心脏病单纯型比混合型具有发病急、心脏传导系统损害重、病变累及全心及治疗反应较好的特点。混合型系继发于高原红细胞增多症与高原高血压的慢性心脏损害。其消化系统与神经系统损害重。心高型以左心损害为主,左室扩大、左室肥厚、主动脉增宽弯曲及心律失常率分别高于心红型(P<0.05～0.01);心红型以右心损害为主,右室扩大、右室肥厚、肺动脉段与圆锥隆突率分别高于心高型(P<0.05～0.01);心红高型全心损害常见而且严重。根据各型成人高原心脏病的病理机制而采用不同治疗方法对提高该病的治愈率有重要意义。     

A survey of Q-fever in Sweden

Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q-fever has recently been isolated from sheep in southern Sweden. In this region 24–30% of sheep farmers have been exposed to the organism as shown by serological measurements. In veterinarians, another group with high risk of exposure to C. burnetii, about 12% have antibodies to the bacteria. The seropositive veterinarians are scattered all over the country. In two non-risk groups, draftees and hospital employees, 5–7% were found to be positive. This survey showed that Q-fever is a domestic disease which is spread throughout Sweden.     

A 1-year study of the epidemiology of hepatitis A virus in Tunisia

This 1-year (September 2000 to August 2001) prospective study investigated the presence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the population of Monastir, Tunisia (86 serum samples), in the influents and effluents of two wastewater treatment plants, and in shellfish harvested in the coastal areas of Monastir, Bizerte and Sfax (January 2001 to May 2001). The virus was detected by RT-PCR using primers targeted at the VP3-VP1 region. An epidemic of HAV infection was observed during the winter months, with a peak in January. The presence of the virus was relatively constant in the influents and effluents of the wastewater treatment plants, and the virus was found in shellfish from the Monastir area during the months of January and February. The genotype IA strain was recovered most frequently from human serum and wastewater samples. The observation that the peak of the epidemic was during the winter months suggests that transmission of HAV is related to climatic factors and, presumably, to shellfish consumption.     

痧斯病(SARS)

严重急性呼吸道综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome，SARS)是由SARS相关冠状病毒(SCV)引起的一种新的烈性呼吸遗传染病。急性期重症病例肺部病变为严重的急性间质性渗出性炎，类似呼吸窘迫综合征的病理特征。肺外器官主要为出血坏死性炎。临床诊断是一个动态的过程，随着对SARS认识的加深，诊断标准将会不新完善。文中对命名进行了讨论，中文名建议用痧斯病。     

哈尔滨市动力区7—10岁儿童多动症流行病学调查

目的了解市动力区７～１０岁儿童多动症的发病情况及其有关因素。方法采用分层整群抽样法对１３７７名儿童进行多动症的流行病学调查，主要以ＤＳＭ—Ⅲ中的ＡＤＤ诊断标准为参考综合诊断病例。结果多动症检出率为６．８９％（９５例／１３７７）；父母为工人、父文化为小学或文盲的，检出率最高，分别为７．３４％、７．７２％及８．７７％；父母大学文化的检出率最低（５．１６％和２．８３％）；母孕期经受负性生活事件及家庭环境不良是多动症发病的危险因素。结论哈市动力区７～１０岁多动症检出率较高；与发病有关的因素复杂多样。     

鲁南地区中小学生疥疮流行调查与防治

鲁南地区2县城乡8所中小学生5052名疥疮患病调查,患病率7.15%,患病率男生高于女生,乡村学生高于城镇,寄宿生高于走读生,初中生高于小学生。流行主要由日常生活接触传播,与宿舍、教室拥挤,卫生条件和卫生习惯不良有关。疥疮灵霜一日疗法痊愈率为82.22%,有效率为97.62%。无副作用,患者易接受,可作为治疗疥疮首选药物。     

Unexpected effects of coffee consumption on liver enzymes

The effects of regular daily coffee consumption on liver enzymes were studied in a large number of subjects from the general population. In coffee drinkers, liver enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaine-amino transferase, and alkaline phosphatase) and serum bilirubin were lower than in non-coffee-drinking subjects or in those consuming less than 3 cups daily. The hypothesis proposed is that liver enzymes are a target for caffeine contained in coffee.     

海洛因依赖者支气管哮喘的临床特点及防治

目的：探讨海洛因依赖者支气管哮喘临床特点，为防治和治疗提供科学根据。方法：2004年1月至2005年1月1752例海洛因依赖者中伴发哮喘40例与随机抽取同期戒毒的100例患者进行回顾性分析与对照。结果：研究组病例的日滥用量、吸毒方式、吸毒年限与对照组病例相比均呈显著差异（P〈0．01）。研究组中：轻度发作24例（60％）；中度发作12例（30％）；重度发作3例（7．5％）；危重度1例（2．5％），哮喘多出现在脱毒中期；在有效脱毒的基础上，抗炎平喘，结合心理治疗与干预，轻度发作者多在4小时内缓解，中度发作者多在48小时内缓解，重度及危重度发作者多在3～5天内缓解。结论：长期大剂量烫吸海洛因是支气管哮喘发作的危险因素。应完善相关检查、及时发现，积极有效抗炎平喘，制定合理治疗方案，注意心理因素的影响。更重要的是，对海洛因依赖者进行教育，使他们了解哮喘知识、戒除毒品，才能从根本上预防和治疗此类并发症。